城市地理数据生产及应用调查与评估分析

国内城市地理数据开发和应用水平差异很大,且不少城市面临诸多困难和挑战。本文使用问卷调查和案例分析的方法评估城市地理数据的开发和应用水平,为城市地理数据资源开发和持续利用提供战略建议。同时分析了地理空间数据的基本特征,强调了地理数据的重要性,提出反映地理空间数据生产与应用水平的关键指标,如专业人才与组织、数据投资与预算、数据生产与供应、数据标准与质量、空间数据基础设施、数据法令与政策、数据应用与效益、数据共享程度、成功应用数目等,建议依据这些基本要素构建评估指标体系。最后提出了城市地理空间数据生产与应用调查的组织、方法和程序,并建议政府主管部门或行业协会尽快展开有关工作。     

应用最优化模型分析活断层与地震的关系

文中应用基于“多态”前兆模式及效能评价的最优效能单项模型参数选择方法,分析了3个地震带活断层(Qp3—Qh)与地震(M≥6)空间分布之间的关系。结果表明,河套地震带地震较集中分布在距断层20km的范围内,用其对6级以上地震进行地点预测有较高的准确性,R值达0.5,而对祁连山地震带30km范围内地震的发生地点进行预测,R值却仅为0.14     

预应力混凝土连续梁桥振动特性变异及舒适度评价

由于预应力损失、混凝土收缩徐变、超载等原因,预应力混凝土桥梁出现了较强的振动。本文通过对福建省福州市闽江三桥全桥环境振动试验和正常运营条件下24小时的监测,研究预应力混凝土连续梁桥的动力特性及其变异和振动舒适度,结果表明:在较为稳定的风和温湿度环境下,固有频率在一天内的最大变化为3.06%,模态阻尼比的最大变化为37.93%,舒适度的狄克曼指标降到“能忍受短时间振动”的区域。     

An evaluation of force-based design vs. direct displacement-based design of jointed precast post-tensioned wall systems

The unique features of jointed post-tensioned wall systems, which include minimum structural damage and re-centering capability when subjected to earthquake lateral loads, are the result of using unbonded post-tensioning to attach the walls to the foundation, along with employing energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls. Using acceptance criteria defined in terms of inter-story drift, residual drift, and floor acceleration, this study presents a multiplelevel performance-based seismic evaluation of two five-story unbonded post-tensioned jointed precast wall systems. The design and analysis of these two wall systems, established as the direct displacement-based and force-based solutions for a prototype building used in the PREcast Seismic Structural Systems （PRESSS） program, were performed at 60% scale so that the analysis model could be validated using the PRESSS test data. Both buildings satisfied the performance criteria at four levels of earthquake motions although the design base shear of the direct displacement-based jointed wall system was 50% of that demanded by the force-based design method. The study also investigated the feasibility of controlling the maximum transient inter-story drift in a jointed wall system by increasing the number of energy dissipating shear connectors between the walls but without significantly affecting its re-centering capability.     

黄河上游地区崩塌滑坡泥石流地质灾害风险评价

本文在对黄河上游地区崩塌、滑坡、泥石流进行野外地质调查和资料收集的基础上,确定了灾害风险评价的主要影响要素和指标体系,进行了以县(市、旗)为单元的风险评价。评价单元共116个。研究区地质灾害风险共分为5级,高风险单元3个,较高风险单元8个,中等风险单元24个,较低风险单元54个,低风险单元27个。风险评价结果表明,评价区内不同地区崩滑流灾害风险程度相对差异较大,总体分布特点是中部地区较高,北部和南部较低。从风险指数的结果来看,有些风评价单元的风险指数非常接近临界值,一旦危险性条件和易损性条件发生改变,将会引起地质灾害的风险级别发生变化。因此,在西部大开发的进程中,无论是在开发资源还是进行各种工程活动,都应注意保护环境,避免地质灾害向着严重的方向发展。      

Absorption of Arsenite on Several Iron （Hydro-）Oxides and Impact from Pre-processing Methods

The absorption reactions of arsenite on Fe （hydro-）oxides are studied. The three absorbent types are Fe（OH）3 gel and two Fe （hydro-）oxides, in which the Fe（OH）3 gel was dried in a microwave oven under vacuum at 80℃. It is found that pH changes from 9.71 to 10.36 in 6 minutes after the Fe （OH）3 gel was mixed with NaAsO2 solution, as the arsenite replaces the OH- in goethite and Fe（OH）3. At the 40th minute after the start of the reaction, pH decreases, which is most probably because that the monodentate surface complex of absorbed arsenite has changed into mononuclear-bidentate complex and released proton. The decline in pH values indicates not the end of the absorption but a change in the reaction type. Temperature and dissolved gas has little effect on these two types of reactions. The total absorption of arsenite increases after the absorbent is irradiated with ultrasound, which also lead to difficulty in separating the solids from solution. The absorption capacity for arsenite of Fe（OH）3 gel dried in a microwave oven under vacuum is 53.18% and 17.22% respectively better than that of Fe （OH）3 gel and gel dried at 80℃. The possible reasons are that the water molecules in the gel vibrates with high frequency under the effect of microwave irradiation, thereby producing higher porosity and improved surface activity.     

岩土工程勘察相关问题浅析

把作者工作经验同国家现行规范及行业标准结合起来,分析了岩土工程勘察中存在的一些问题,从现场勘探资料收集(勘探点布设、野外地层的划分、原位测试、地下水位的观测)、土工试验(粉土的划分、剪切方法的选择、固结试验)及岩土工程分析评价(地基均匀性、粉土及粉砂地基承载力特征值的修正、地基承载力的确定、地震效应、基础方案选择、建筑工程分级)三个方面进行了剖析,提出了一些解决问题的个人的看法,以便与同行交流学习。     

遥感影像时—空融合的“点”—“线”—“面”质量评价

遥感影像时—空融合可集成多源数据高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率互补优势,生成时间连续的高空间分辨率影像,在遥感影像的动态监测与时序分析等方面具有重要应用价值.然而,现有多数研究往往基于单一数据产品对时—空融合算法进行评价,而在实际生产应用中,需要验证算法在多种遥感产品数据的融合表现;此外,目前研究大多基于“单点时刻”进行评...     

地下管线普查产品的检验

随着城市地下管线在城市管理、规划及建设发展过程中重要性的逐渐体现,越来越多的城市开展了地下管线普查,但其质量检验与质量评定方法却相对滞后,本文结合实例阐述了地下管线普查产品的检验及质量评定方法,供大家参考。     

减轻地质灾害,促进首都北京可持续发展

在总结分析北京所遭受的地质灾害类型、发育特征、分布规律及其所造成的危害基础上,论述了地质灾害与可持续发展的关系,建立了地质灾害对区域可持续发展影响指标体系与评价方法。最后,针对首都北京减灾现状,提出了预防和治理地质灾害、实现可持续发展的措施。