Study of the weakly magnetic star HD 116656

Astronomy Letters - We studied the spectroscopic binary HD 116656 (ζ1 UMa) that has previously been suspected to be a Si-type chemically peculiar star. The magnetic field of each individual...     

变径稳定器在鄂北水平井钻井应用研究

鄂北大牛地、东胜气田施工水平井水平段长在1000~2000 m之间,以稳斜钻进为主,为保证稳斜效果,降低轨迹调整频次,减少滑动钻进进尺,主要采用双扶稳斜钻具组合,起到了较好的稳斜效果。但鄂北致密砂岩储层的非均质性强,水平段经常钻遇泥岩夹层而调整轨迹,造成双扶稳斜钻具组合在轨迹调整中存在造斜率低、无法快速调整达到地质目的的问题。通过分析不同钻具组合作用效果,配套应用变径稳定器,控制其井下工作状态,改变外径尺寸,使钻具组合、结构和作用效果发生变化,满足轨迹控制需求,实现整体水平段稳斜钻进,并兼顾轨迹调整快速灵活的目的。在鄂北大牛地和东胜气田水平井水平段应用变径稳定器10余口井,平均机械钻速10.18 m/h,水平段提速24.6%,应用效果良好,实现了提高水平段钻井施工效率的目的,为鄂尔多斯盆地长水平段提速提效提供了有利借鉴。     

干湿循环效应下玄武岩纤维加筋黄土三轴剪切力学行为研究

通过干湿循环效应下的数字图像三轴剪切试验、CT扫描试验及扫描电镜SEM(scanning electron microscopy)试验,研究了玄武岩纤维加筋黄土干湿循环过程的三轴剪切力学行为及微细观结构演化机制。结果表明:随干湿循环次数增加,纤维含量较高试样的三轴剪切鼓胀破坏形态转变为剪切带破坏;干湿循环早期阶段,剪切破坏形态随纤维含量增加,由剪切带破坏转变为鼓胀破坏。干湿循环作用和纤维含量对应力-应变曲线的类型及特征无明显影响,均表现为应变硬化型。破坏偏应力随干湿循环次数增加而逐渐减小,但衰减速率逐渐减小;破坏偏应力随纤维含量增大先增加而后减小,呈抛物线变化特征,存在一个最佳纤维含量为0.6%。CT数均值ME值呈现与破坏偏应力相似的变化规律。干湿循环作用下筋-土界面产生一定的开裂和松弛现象,弱化了纤维的加筋效应,但与素黄土相比,纤维加筋黄土的微观结构表现出显著的整体稳定性。构建了干湿循环效应下玄武岩纤维加筋黄土的宏细观损伤变量,其表现出一致的变化规律。     

最小二乘配置模型在 GPS 高程拟合中的应用

经典的平差函数模型中只含有无先验统计信息的非随机参数,而针对附有随机参数的平差问题具有很大的局限性,为此在GPS高程拟合中,本文用最小二乘配置模型解决了这一问题,并且通过实际算例,设计两种最小二乘配置拟合方案与二次曲面拟合法进行了比较,结果表明,最小二乘配置拟合残差较小,外符合精度较高,高程拟合效果更好。     

杭州市钱塘新区地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价

地下空间地质环境适宜性评价是实现地下空间合理有序开发的重要环节,也是国土空间科学规划的必要前提。通过系统分析杭州市钱塘新区地质环境条件,从地形地貌、工程地质条件、水文地质条件、活动断裂及地震效应、环境地质问题等五个方面选取15个指标构建了地下空间开发地质环境适宜性评价指标体系。在此基础上,采用变权层次分析法和灰色关联分析模型,对浅层(0~ 15m)、次浅层(15~ 30m)、次深层(30~ 50 m)地下空间进行了开发利用地质环境条件适宜性评价。结果表明,研究区浅层和次深层地下空间更适宜开发,而次浅层地下空间适宜性好和适宜性较好的总面积仅占全区的45.7%,地质环境条件复杂,具有一定的开发难度。该结果可为钱塘新区地下空间合理开发提供参考。     

大气变量物理分解原理及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用

观测的全球大气变量可以物理分解为4个部分:纬圈平均的对称气候、非对称气候、纬圈平均的瞬变对称扰动和非对称扰动。文章用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA Interim全球再分析资料(0.75°×0.75°)介绍大气瞬变扰动量中的扰动风提取方法及其在区域暴雨分析中的应用。结果表明:用欧洲高分辨率再分析资料物理分解得到的扰动气流能够较好地反映暴雨的落区和风与雨之间的关系,如暴雨带位于低层大气扰动气流的辐合线上和稳定的暴雨带两侧扰动气流多呈对峙的辐合状态。     

Perturbed Gylden Systems and Time-Dependent Delaunay-Like Transformations

We study the possibilities and limitations of the application of generalized Delaunay-like transformations (in the 6-dimensional phase space) and TR-like mappings (in the 8-dimensional, extended phase space) to perturbed two-body problems with a time-varying Keplerian parameter μ(t), that is, to Gylden-type systems. For the sake of theoretical completeness, both negative- and positive-energy motion (with nonstationary coupling parameter) are, in principle, considered. Our developments are intended to introduce canonical variables parallelling the classical ones of Delaunay and the Delaunay-Similar variables of Scheifele. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A simple parameterization of bulk canopy resistance from climatic variables for estimating hourly evapotranspiration

This paper examines a model for estimating canopy resistance r_c and reference evapotranspiration ET_o on an hourly basis. The experimental data refer to grass at two sites in Spain with semiarid and windy conditions in a typical Mediterranean climate. Measured hourly ET_o values were obtained over grass during a 4 year period between 1997 and 2000 using a weighing lysimeter (Zaragoza, northeastern Spain) and an eddy covariance system (Córdoba, southern Spain). The present model is based on the Penman–Monteith (PM) approach, but incorporates a variable canopy resistance r_c as an empirical function of the square root of a climatic resistance r* that depends on climatic variables. Values for the variable r_c were also computed according to two other approaches: with the r_c variable as a straight‐line function of r* (Katerji and Perrier, 1983, Agronomie 3 (6): 513–521) and as a mechanistic function of weather variables as proposed by Todorovic (1999, Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, ASCE 125 (5): 235–245). In the proposed model, the results show that r_c/r_a (where r_a is the aerodynamic resistance) presents a dependence on the square root of r*/r_a, as the best approach with empirically derived global parameters. When estimating hourly ET_o values, we compared the performance of the PM equation using those estimated variable r_c values with the PM equation as proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, with a constant r_c = 70 s m^?1. The results confirmed the relative robustness of the PM method with constant r_c, but also revealed a tendency to underestimate the measured values when ET_o is high. Under the semiarid conditions of the two experimental sites, slightly better estimates of ET_o were obtained when an estimated variable r_c was used. Although the improvement was limited, the best estimates were provided by the Todorovic and the proposed methods. The proposed approach for r_c as a function of the square root of r* may be considered as an alternative for modelling r_c, since the results suggest that the global coefficients of this locally calibrated relationship might be generalized to other climatic regions. It may also be useful to incorporate the effects of variable canopy resistances into other climatic and hydrological models. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Refined conceptualization of TOPMODEL for shallow subsurface flows

The TOPMODEL framework was used to derive expressions that account for saturated and unsaturated flow through shallow soil on a hillslope. The resulting equations were the basis for a shallow‐soil TOPMODEL (STOPMODEL). The common TOPMODEL theory implicitly assumes a water table below the entire watershed and this does not conceptually apply to systems hydrologically controlled by shallow interflow of perched groundwater. STOPMODEL provides an approach for extending TOPMODEL's conceptualization to apply to shallow, interflow‐driven watersheds by using soil moisture deficit instead of water table depth as the state variable. Deriving STOPMODEL by using a hydraulic conductivity function that changes exponentially with soil moisture content results in equations that look very similar to those commonly associated with TOPMODEL. This alternative way of conceptualizing TOPMODEL makes the modelling approach available to researchers, planners, and engineers who work in areas where TOPMODEL was previously believed to be unsuited, such as the New York City Watershed in the Catskills region of New York State. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Asteroseismic theory of rapidly oscillating Ap stars

This paper reviews some of the important advances made over the last decade concerning theory of roAp stars.