海洋平台油气火灾爆炸机理及其结构响应特性研究进展

火灾、爆炸等重大灾害条件下海洋平台结构风险评估涉及众多学科和研究领域,一直是国内外学者关注的热点问题。从试验、爆炸模型和火灾/爆炸平台结构载荷与结构响应研究等方面,综述近年来国内外在海洋平台油气火灾、爆炸机理及其作用下平台结构力学行为及响应特性研究方面的现状与最新进展,评述这些进展的科学性与局限性,指出海洋平台环境条件下火灾/爆炸机理及其对平台结构影响研究的特点以及存在的问题,并展望海洋工程重大灾害及结构风险研究领域的热点问题和发展趋势。     

加油站雷击电磁场影响分析及危害范围界定

为确定加油站雷击电磁脉冲的防护水平和安全间距,根据雷电流特性和油品燃烧爆炸性质,采用ADTD闪电定位系统监测资料,通过对重庆华兴加油站的防雷安全评估,重点分析加油站遭受临近雷击或自身遭受雷击后雷击电磁场影响及起火、爆炸的危害范围。结果表明：在加油站周边防雷设施能保护距离加油站33.54～41m范围的情况下,加油站遭受临近雷击时雷击所产生的电磁场可不考虑;加油站遭受直击雷时,应采用小于5m×5m的屏蔽网格才能使LPZ1区的电磁场处于安全状态;加油站因雷击起火或爆炸的危害范围分别为5.22m和138.95m。结论可为加油站的雷电设防要求及周边规划提供理论依据。     

震源性质的时频分析与事件识别

应用时频分析技术研究了近年来发生在朝鲜半岛的核爆炸、化学爆炸与天然地震事件的识别问题,计算了上述三者的瞬时频率、瞬时振幅谱与群延迟等多项参数,提出地震与爆炸的识别指标.初步研究结果表明,对较大事件,上述三者来自震源的激发频率信息有明显差异性,核爆炸源激发的频率明显高于地震,化学爆炸最低.特别是,这些信息指标对于识别小当...     

基于Lg波识别判据的特性分析

Lg波是检测、识别地下核爆炸的重要震相.通常情况下,地下核爆炸的低频段Lg波能量相对较强,基于Lg波的识别判据在高频段表现较好.然而在低频范围内却表现出难以用球对称爆炸源模式解释的现象,如Lg/Pg判据在1 Hz附近失效等现象.本文利用理论地震图方法,分析了伴随层裂过程产生的重要辅助源——CLVD源对Lg波低频成分的调...     

Numerical modeling of ground borehole expansion induced by application of pulse discharge technology

Pulse discharge technology (PDT) is an innovative technique that can be used to enhance bearing capacity of piles and resisting capacity of anchors. It enlarges the section area and compacts the surrounding soil by high-powered shock wave pressure induced by an underwater electrical discharge. This study aims to establish a suitable numerical model for the simulation and prediction of ground borehole expansion induced by PDT. In order to examine the relationship between electricity and the characteristics of shockwaves generated by PDT, laboratory pulse discharge tests were performed using PDT equipment used in current practice. Then, based on the underwater explosion (UNDEX) model and a coupled acoustic–structural analysis scheme, the results of laboratory PDT tests were analyzed and numerically benchmarked to determine the equivalent UNDEX model parameters for providing shock loading input in a ground borehole expansion simulation. A series of expansion simulations for undrained clayey and sandy soils were performed, and the predicted borehole expansion behaviors were compared with the test results. Moreover, a parametric study was conducted to examine the effects of soil properties on the expansion behavior. The results of the numerical work in this study appeared to be consistent with field test results published in the literature and showed that the soil characteristics related with packing, state of stresses, and degree of saturation were important when analyzing borehole expansion behavior.     

含钚材料恐怖事件的后果分析

基于数值仿真计算手段,定量分析了含钚材料恐怖事件中炸药爆炸条件下钚材料气溶胶的转化份额;针对不同可吸入气溶胶比例,应用HotSpot核事故后果评价模型计算了有关辐射特征量。结果表明,不同可吸入气溶胶比例对于辐射危害防护及处置有着明显的影响。     

THE MODELING OF BOLIDE TERMINAL EXPLOSIONS

The phenomenon of terminal thermal explosions of bolides is considered and mathematically modeled, using the mechanisms of ablation and fragmentation due to mechanical and thermal stresses. The definition and criterion of thermal explosions are given. An analytical solution is obtained for the model of ablating and mechanically fragmenting meteoroid motion in the atmosphere. Numerical calculations including the terminal stage of the motion are fulfilled for the Tunguska parameters. They demonstrated a very rapid energy loss, corresponding to the terminal flare and full mass loss, explaining the absence meteorites.     

Middle Paleozoic impact event in the southwest of the East European Platform

A zone with high remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility has been identified at the boundary between Lower Devonian gray- and red-colored deposits in the basin of the Dniester River in the southwest of Ukraine (in the southwest of the East European Platform). The microparticles of native iron and nickel and iron-nickel intermetallic compounds found here might be markers of an impact event in the Lochkovian (~ 415 Ma). Electron microscope examination and probe microanalysis of the chemical composition, morphology, structures, and textures of specific microobjects showed that they are the product of melting of meteoritic substance and target rocks caused by an impact explosion. Explosive dispersion and deposition of microparticles on the Earth’s surface result in a rapid differentiation of their substance. The obtained data can be used as evidence of a reference impact event during the fall of an iron-stone meteorite, and a characteristic set of minerals and geochemical parameters can help to identify catastrophic events in the geologic history.     

朝鲜核爆的Rayleigh波震级测量

利用1995年至2009年中国东北及邻近地区11个宽频带台站记录到的77个地震事件、3个化学爆炸和2次朝鲜核爆的区域地震资料,标定该区域台网的Rayleigh波震级.通过对8~25 s 周期的垂直分量Rayleigh波形进行分析,获取基于最大振幅的面波震级.计算82个区域事件不同周期的台基响应,经过台基校正后取最大振幅的面波震级为事件震级.2006年和2009年两次朝鲜核爆的面波震级分别为2.93±0.19和3.62±0.21.将地震和核爆事件的面波震级M_s与体波震级m_b(Lg)进行比较,发现根据该区域台网的数据利用M_s-m_b识别方法无法鉴别朝鲜地区的核爆与地震.朝鲜核爆的面波震级相对较大,使M_s-m_b识别方法失效,其原因可能是源区介质的不均匀性、由核爆炸冲击引发的深部的拉伸破坏被抑制,或者是近爆源区存在张性的构造预应力.假定核爆可能的埋藏深度范围是0.01~1.0 km,用Rayleigh波震级估计朝鲜核爆的当量,对2006年和2009年核爆当量的估值范围分别为0.42~3.17 kt和2.06~15.53 kt.     

浅析爆炸效应在人工增雨作业中的作用

文章分析了冲击波、声波、扰动气流场和超声气流等爆炸产物对环境气流场和云、降水质粒的影响及效应,结果表明:在人工播云中,含有爆炸效应的催化作业要比单纯的静力催化有更广泛的应用前景。