金刚石工具在钢筋混凝土结构修复改造中的应用与研究现状

我国正处于钢筋混凝土结构应用与发展的大规模新建与修复改造并重阶段。为对钢混结构进行局部或整体的拆除与修复改造,传统机械破碎与爆破拆除方式存在施工效率低、安全隐患大和环境污染严重等问题,而利用金刚石工具对其进行静力切割拆除的施工方法在近年来得到迅速发展。目前,在钢混结构拆除与修复改造施工中应用最多的金刚石工具为金刚石薄壁钻头、金刚石锯片和金刚石绳锯。本文对上述3类金刚石工具在钢混结构修复改造施工中的应用现状、钻进与锯切机理、制造技术和施工工艺等研究现状进行了总结与分析,在此基础上指出了其可能的研究趋势与发展方向。研究成果可为金刚石工具在工民建和部分特殊领域的广泛应用提供技术参考。     

旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统设计

旋挖钻进施工目前是我国常用的桩工施工工法。旋挖钻机施工由于效率高、噪声低、环保、成孔质量高等特点,施工范围极广。但由于施工地层各不相同,需要选择不同形式的钻头来满足不同的施工要求。合理地选择和使用旋挖钻头,能够丰富旋挖钻机的施工工艺,拓宽旋挖钻机的施工领域。建立旋挖钻头数据库系统,为旋挖钻头的设计、制造、选型提供数据支撑,满足日益复杂的施工要求。本文介绍了旋挖钻头设计制造数据库系统的设计及应用情况。     

Stress Analysis and Optimum Design of PDC Die for Offshore Drilling Engineering

The maximum internal tangential stress is a critical parameter for the design of the PDC （polycrystalline diamond compact） die that has been widely applied to offshore oil drilling. A new simple equation for the calculation of the stress is developed, and verified by the test data from Kingdream Corp. of China, the largest bit Company in China. An opti- mum method for the design of the PDC die is presented and demonstrated in detail, and software for the design and FEM analysis of the die is developed on the basis of the method. This software has been used in oil industry in recent years.     

基于小波变换和零树法的水声信道彩色图像压缩编解码研究

基于小波变换和“改变了的”零树法编解码原理 ,结合水声信道的特点 ,构建了一个以 DSP为核心的图像处理系统。在不同压缩比的情况下 ,完成了对一幅 6 4× 6 4点阵的静态彩色图像数据的压缩和解压缩。当压缩比与传统的 JPEG算法的压缩比相近的情况下 ,解压缩后图像的总体观感效果有明显的改善 ,从而对在水声信道中传输彩色图像作出了积极的尝试     

Estimation of extreme floods of the River Meuse using a stochastic weather generator and a rainfall–runoff model / Estimation des crues extrêmes de la Meuse à l'aide d'un générateur stochastique de variables météorologiques et d'un modèle pluie–débit

Abstract

A stochastic weather generator has been developed to simulate long daily sequences of areal rainfall and station temperature for the Belgian and French sub-basins of the River Meuse. The weather generator is based on the principle of nearest-neighbour resampling. In this method rainfall and temperature data are sampled simultaneously from multiple historical records with replacement such that the temporal and spatial correlations are well preserved. Particular emphasis is given to the use of a small number of long station records in the resampling algorithm. The distribution of the 10-day winter maxima of basin-average rainfall is quite well reproduced. The generated sequences were used as input for hydrological simulations with the semi-distributed HBV rainfall–runoff model. Though this model is capable of reproducing the flood peaks of December 1993 and January 1995, it tends to underestimate the less extreme daily peak discharges. This underestimation does not show up in the 10-day average discharges. The hydrological simulations with the generated daily rainfall and temperature data reproduce the distribution of the winter maxima of the 10-day average discharges well. Resampling based on long station records leads to lower rainfall and discharge extremes than resampling from the data over a shorter period for which areal rainfall was available.     

Estimation of river discharge from non-trapezoidal open channel using QuickBird-2 satellite imagery/Utilisation des images satellites de Quickbird-2 pour le calcul des débits fluviaux en chenaux ouverts non-trapézoïdaux

Abstract

Abstract River discharge is traditionally acquired by measuring water stage and then converting the water stage to discharge by using a stage–discharge rating curve. The possibility of monitoring river discharge by satellite has not been adequately studied hitherto, because of the difficulty in making sufficiently precise measurements of the water surface. Since the successful launch of commercial satellites with very-high-resolution sensors, it has become possible to derive ground information from satellite data. To determine river discharge in a non-trapezoidal open channel, an efficient approach has been developed that uses mainly satellite data. The method, which focuses on the measurement of surface water width coupled with river width–stage and ?remote? stage–discharge rating curves, was applied to the Yangtze River (Changjiang) and an accurate estimate of river discharge was obtained. The method can be regarded as ancillary to traditional field measurement methods or other remote sensing methods.     

Incorporating groundwater recharge and discharge functions into an existing monthly rainfall–runoff model/Incorporation de fonctions de recharge et de vidange superficielle de nappes au sein d’un modèle pluie-débit mensuel existant

Abstract

Abstract There is an urgent need for an integrated surface water and groundwater modelling tool that is suitable for southern African conditions and can be applied at various basin scales for broad strategic water resource planning purposes. The paper describes two new components (recharge and groundwater discharge) that have been added to an existing monthly time-step rainfall–runoff model that is widely used in the southern African subcontinent. The new components are relatively simple, consistent with the existing model formulation, but based on accepted groundwater flow principles and well understood groundwater parameters. The application of the revised model on two basins in southern Africa with quite different baseflow characteristics has demonstrated that the new components have a great deal of potential, even if the improvement is only to be able to simulate the groundwater baseflow component of total runoff more explicitly. More comprehensive testing and comparison of the results with existing groundwater and geohydrological data is required, while some extensions to the new components need to be considered to ensure that the model can be considered applicable to a wide range of basin and climate types.     

Long-range forecasts of River Po discharges based on predictable solar activity and a fuzzy neural network model / Prévisions à long terme des débits du Fleuve Pô basées sur l’activité solaire prévisible et sur un modèle de réseau de neurones flou

Abstract

Abstract Is it possible to make seasonal and interannual forecasts of hydrological variables if one cannot predict next week’s rainfall? Contrary to common view, some scientists support the hypothesis that variations in mean global temperature and precipitation are controlled more by external forcing (solar variability and volcanic eruptions) than by increasing atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Temperature and precipitation are connected with special phases of the 11-year sunspot cycle, which coincide with significant accumulation of energetic solar eruptions. Because of the possibility of identifying years with many solar eruptions, the attractive prospect emerges of the long-term hydrological forecasting based on cycles of solar activity. Starting from this assumption, an expert system was built based on a fuzzy neural network model for seasonal and interannual forecasting of the Po River discharge. It was found that indices of solar activity and of global circulation are sufficient to yield useful forecasts of hydrological variables.     

Ø215.9 mm四牙轮取心钻头设计与应用

针对硬岩及复杂地层取心钻进效率低、钻头寿命短的问题,依托“深海钻探技术与工程支撑”项目研制了?215.9 mm四牙轮取心钻头。通过合理布置牙轮角度与分布、优化取心结构,有效提高岩心采取率,保证钻头在硬岩中的钻进速度与可靠性。在之前进行了陆地试验和海洋试验并不断优化改进的基础上,本次在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市清水河县首次进行了实验性的地热勘探取心施工,全段地层均为高研磨性、高硬度花岗岩,取心困难。采用?215.9 mm牙轮取心钻头配合常规的取心钻具,钻进效率达1.2 m/h,岩心采取率为70%~90%,取得了较好的应用效果,为海洋钻探硬岩取心提供了技术保障。     

仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头研究

针对孕镶金刚石钻头齿间相互独立,在坚硬地层中钻进极易产生打滑和单齿受力太大导致钻头损坏的难题,引入仿生爪趾结构原理和自补偿理念,研制了仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头。钻头的一体式切削齿设计,主要在单齿的齿单元间采用加强筋方式强化单齿强度,单齿与单齿间设置齿间加强筋加强,使得钻头相邻齿单元、相邻单齿间相互连接形成一个整体,在钻进过程中,钻头齿的工作唇面会产生多个超过岩石极限破坏强度但远低于钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域,不容易出现少数几个接近或超过钻头胎体强度的应力集中区域的情况。如此,钻头的整体性更好,受力均匀,切削岩石的效率更高,寿命更长,尤其对于坚硬地层,防打滑效果更好。经现场试验表明：仿生自补偿一体式高胎体孕镶金刚石取心钻头较常规钻头具有更高的碎岩效率和更长的使用寿命。