浮力装置触发深海管道水平向整体屈曲效果的数值模拟研究

海洋油气资源的运输主要通过海底管道进行,管道在工作时受到较大的温度荷载,会产生整体屈曲变形。深海管道设计中常采用人为装置触发一定程度的水平向整体屈曲变形,来释放轴向的温度应力,浮力装置是常用的触发方式之一。本文通过数值模拟研究,分析了不同浮力大小和不同浮力施加范围下,管道水平向整体屈曲的临界屈曲力,得出临界屈曲力随浮力大小和施加范围变化的情况;并研究了不同土体阻力下,浮力装置触发整体屈曲的效果。研究表明,水平向土体阻力较大时,浮力装置触发水平向整体屈曲的效果较好。浮力装置的触发效果对轴向土体阻力不敏感。     

长江口南汇湿地植被的光谱吸收特征研究

植被的光谱吸收特征与植被生长状况密切相关,同时也受土壤湿度等外界因素影响。本文以长江口南汇湿地典型植被芦苇、互花米草和海三棱藨草为研究对象,在计算其光谱特征参数的基础上,分析了这3种植被的光谱吸收特征形变PSDI值。最后结合实测的土壤湿度,分析了3种植被的PSDI值和土壤湿度的相关性。研究结果发现:互花米草的PSDI值最大,海三棱藨草的PSDI值最小,芦苇介于两者之间,表明互花米草受外界的环境影响较大;互花米草的PSDI值与土壤湿度的相关性最大,芦苇的PSDI值与土壤湿度的相关性最小,海三棱藨草介于两者之间,表明互花米草适应湿地环境能力较强。     

Investigation on the Effect of Geometrical and Geotechnical Parameters on Elongated Offshore Piles Using Fuzzy Inference Systems

Among numerous offshore structures used in oil extraction, jacket platforms are still the most favorable ones in shallow waters. In such structures, log piles are used to pin the substructure of the platform to the seabed. The pile’s geometrical and geotechnical properties are considered as the main parameters in designing these structures. In this study, ANSYS was used as the FE modeling software to study the geometrical and geotechnical properties of the offshore piles and their effects on supporting jacket platforms. For this purpose, the FE analysis has been done to provide the preliminary data for the fuzzy-logic post-process. The resulting data were implemented to create Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) classifications. The resultant data of the sensitivity analysis suggested that the orientation degree is the main factor in the pile’s geometrical behavior because piles which had the optimal operational degree of about 5° are more sustained. Finally, the results showed that the related fuzzified data supported the FE model and provided an insight for extended offshore pile designs.     

Deltaic soil behavior classification using CPTu records—Proposed approach and applied to fifty-four case histories

For the past four decades, the CPT has played a key role in onshore and offshore soil investigations. One of the main applications of cone penetration test (CPT) is the soil behavioral classification. Most of the developed methods for soil identification using CPT and CPTu (piezocone) data are well categorized for common soils, such as clays, silts, and sands. Soils with low resistance or more compressibility generally involve problems in geotechnical engineering practice and construction projects. Consequently, these unusual deposits require further evaluation and more detailed data. Five major groups of problematic soils including: liquefiable, sensitive, peaty, collapsible, and expansive soils have been considered in this study. One hundred and forty CPT and CPTu test records were collected from fifteen countries. Sixty-one of the records are related to difficult soils. A brief comparison is performed for currently used soil behavioral classification charts, such as by Campanella et al. (1985 Campanella, R. G., P. K. Robertson, D. Gillespie, and J. Greig. 1985. Recent developments in in-situ testing of soils. Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, ICSMFE, San Francisco, Vol. 2, 849–54. [Google Scholar]), Robertson (1990 Robertson, P. K. 1990. Soil classification using the cone penetration test. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27 (1):151–58. doi:10.1139/t90–014[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), Jefferies and Davies (1991 Jefferies, M. G., and M. P. Davies. 1991. Soil classification using the cone penetration test: Discussion. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28 (1):173–76. doi:10.1139/t91–023[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and Eslami and Fellenius (1997 Eslami, A., and B. H. Fellenius. 1997. Pile capacity by direct CPT and CPTu methods applied to 102 case histories. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 34 (6):886–904. doi:10.1139/cgj-34–6-886[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Analysis based on CPT data indicates that a few commonly used charts recognize relatively well problematic deposits. However, further studies are needed to increase the accuracy and capability of methods. Existing charts have some problems due to the limitations of the nature of rectangular charts based on two axes. A new format of classification chart, i.e., triangular form containing cone tip resistance (q_c), sleeve friction (f_s), and pore pressure (u₂) is proposed for soil identification which can be realized in practice. The proposed chart with more accuracy and less scattering of data than the previous charts is able to identify soil types particularly for deltaic soils.     

Lateral dynamic response of a partially embedded pile subjected to combined loads in saturated soil

In this article, an analytical solution is proposed to investigate the lateral dynamic response of a pile which is partially embedded in saturated soil layer and subjected to combined lateral and vertical loads. The saturated soil is described by Biot’s poroelastic theory and the resistance of soil is derived by potential function method. The governing equation of the pile is solved by coupling soil resistance and continuity conditions between the pile and the soil. The dynamic impedances of the pile are then obtained through transfer matrix method. To verify the validity of the proposed procedure, the present solution is compared with available solution for an idealized case. Finally, a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the stiffness and damping properties of the pile-soil system. It is found that permeability of the soil and vertical load has significant effects on the dynamic response of the pile.     

淤泥质潮滩地貌演变中的水动力及生物过程研究进展

淤泥质潮滩对于海岸防护、增加土地资源、保持生物多样性等具有重要作用。从淤泥质潮滩演变的主要驱动因子——潮流、波浪、生物作用及地下过程四个方面回顾和总结了潮滩演变动力地貌过程的相关研究进展,提出应关注潮滩短期演变规律、波浪与浮泥作用机理、生物生长与潮滩演变定量关系,以及地下过程作用机理等。     

Impact Compressive Creep Characteristics of Simulative Soil for Deep-Sea Sediment

The impact load (equivalent impact height) applied to deep-sea sediment by a walking mining machine was first deduced by the energy conservation principle, and the simulative soil was prepared based on the deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacific C-C mining area. The self-designed impact compressive creep tests of the simulative soil were conducted under different ground stresses and impact heights, in order to determine impact compressive creep parameters using a K-H rheological model. Test results show that the impact compressive creep curves have three similar creep stages (transient creep, unstable creep, and stable creep) to static compressive creep curves, where the transient creep deformation and total deformation at the unstable creep stage decrease with the impact load. Among the three impact compressive creep parameters (K₁, K₂, β) of the simulative soil, K₁ is first increased with impact height and finally fluctuated to a certain stable value, while K₂ and β are approximately linearly increased with impact height. The maximum subsidence of the mining machine under a specific designed ground stress and walking velocity predicted by the impact compressive creep constitutive equation can be used for safety assessment of the mining machine.     

水玻璃固化硫酸盐渍土强度特性及固化机制研究

盐渍土化学固化法是解决盐渍土盐胀、溶陷和腐蚀等不良工程问题的有效方法之一。通过无侧限抗压强度试验、X射线衍射试验、化学成分分析和扫描电镜试验研究了石灰粉、煤灰、水玻璃联合固化硫酸盐渍土的强度特征,分析探讨了其固化机制。试验结果表明：石灰含量小于8%时,石灰、粉煤灰、水玻璃联合固化硫酸盐渍土的抗压和抗剪强度较石灰粉煤灰固化土有大幅度提升,固化土强度随水玻璃浓度几乎呈线性增长。水玻璃固化硫酸盐渍土强度增加的机制在于：水玻璃的碱激发粉煤灰作用和水玻璃与盐渍土中化学成分的吸附作用所生成各类凝胶的填充和包裹,使得骨架颗粒的接触面积增大,颗粒之间的孔隙逐步减小,骨架颗粒由点接触变为面接触,固化盐渍土通过凝胶而黏结成为一个紧密的空间网状整体结构,土体强度得以提高。同时,复杂的物理化学作用大幅度降低了固化盐渍土中 含量,有效地抑制了硫酸盐渍土的盐胀特性。     

深层水泥搅拌法在土体加固中的应用

介绍了在某护岸改造工程利用CDM加固体作为临时挡土墙的施工工艺。结果表明该工艺具有理想的效果,开创了CDM加固护岸坡脚土体的新工艺。     

大直径钢管桩土塞效应的判断和沉桩过程分析

港口工程和海洋工程中出现了越来越多的大直径超长钢管桩。由于这种桩直径较大,土塞的形成对桩的可打入性和承载力有较大的影响。鉴于此,根据大直径和超大直径钢管桩土塞性状的特殊性,考虑了桩直径对侧壁摩阻力、端阻力的影响,引入了尺寸效应系数,重新建立了土塞微分体的静力平衡方程,提出了采用改进的静力平衡法进行土塞效应判断,同时采用波动方程法近似模拟土塞与桩管内壁的相互作用,建立了简化的土塞与桩壁相互作用模型,并用该方法进行实际工程的打桩分析,分析结果表明该方法对土塞效应的判断、打桩过程的预测等与工程实测数据吻合较好。