Calcareous phytoplankton from the Barremian/Aptian boundary interval in NW Germany

Two cored boreholes in the central part of the North West German Basin recovered a unique section of Upper Barremian to Lower Aptian strata. Calcareous nannofossils show a distinctive shift from boreal endemic assemblages in the Barremian to cosmopolitan ones in the Aptian. This onset of new cosmopolitan species (e.g., Chiastozygus litterarius, Flabellites oblongus, Rhagodiscus angustus, Braarudosphaera sp., Eprolithus sp.) is spread over an interval of 25m, starting well below the early Aptian "Fischschiefer", a dark laminated shale rich in organic matter. These changes in the composition of calcareous nannofossils indicate that major palaeoceanographic changes occurred before the deposition of the Fischschiefer.The distribution pattern of calcispheres allows the differentiation of two sedimentary successions, separated by the Fischschiefer. The lower succession, which includes the sediments below the base of the Fischschiefer, indicates a boreal-pelagic environment. The lower part of the upper successions which includes the Fischschiefer, represents warmer inner shelf conditions. This corresponds to the presence of rich Tethyan-derived nannoconid assemblages and the presence of the planktonic foraminifera Hedbergella in the Fischschiefer. The topmost part of the upper succession (middle Aptian, Hedbergella marl) suggests a change to a pelagic warmer water environment. Two new taxa are introduced: the calcareous dinoflagellate cyst Obliquipithonella laqueata n. sp. and the foraminiferan Choanaella fortunate n. gen. n. sp.     

西沙群岛西科1井第四纪钙藻及其生态功能

对西沙群岛西科1井第四纪地层中的钙藻进行了初步研究, 共鉴定钙藻3科7属, 包括红藻门珊瑚藻科让氏藻属、蟹手藻属、珊瑚藻属、石枝藻属和石孔藻属, 以及绿藻门松藻科仙掌藻属和粗枝藻科伞轴藻属.通过对地层中钙藻形态功能的分析, 西科1井第四纪早期海水较深, 沉积环境为礁前相, 中期外礁坪和内礁坪交替沉积, 至晚期出现短时间的泻湖相之后沉积环境演变为礁后滩相.西科1井第四纪钙藻在造礁功能上主要体现在2个方面: (1)通过自身的钙化作用, 为生物礁的生长供应微小碳酸盐颗粒沉积物; (2)利用自身形成的节片结构和生物捆扎-粘结结构参与造礁.      

海水环境下巴氏芽孢杆菌驯化及钙质砂固化效果研究

为了提升微生物诱导碳酸盐沉淀(MICP)技术在海洋环境下对钙质砂的加固效果,在以往研究的基础上,设计进行了人工海水环境下巴氏芽孢杆菌多梯度人工驯化培养试验,并结合MICP固化钙质砂柱的力学试验和微细观结构分析,对巴氏芽孢杆菌的驯化效果进行了综合评价。结果表明:(1)海水环境下五梯度驯化后细菌的菌液浓度可达到淡水环境的97%以上,其与胶结液作用后碳酸盐的生成量较淡水环境下有一定幅度提高;(2)驯化后的巴氏芽孢杆菌具有很好的温度适应能力,在10～30℃温度下均有较好的MICP性能;(3)海水环境下加固的钙质砂柱无论是碳酸盐生成量还是无侧限抗压强度均较未驯化前高,尤其是五梯度驯化后的细菌,驯化后的细菌菌体变小,在海水环境生成的碳酸盐(碳酸钙和碳酸镁)晶体更小,更加致密,能更好地填充钙质砂颗粒的孔隙并胶结相邻的钙质砂颗粒,具有更优异的MICP性能。相关研究思路和方法可为MICP技术在海洋环境钙质砂地基加固方面的研究与应用提供参考。     

水泥胶结钙质砂地层中单桩竖向承载特性试验研究

钙质砂属于岩土工程中一种特殊的岩土材料,除具有颗粒形状不规则、易破碎等特征,还具有胶结性。针对钙质砂具有胶结性的地质现状,通过室内模型试验研究了胶结钙质砂地层中钢管桩的承载能力、沉降情况及其影响因素,同时与未胶结钙质砂中的桩基承载特性进行了对比。研究结果表明：与未胶结钙质砂中的钢管桩相比,胶结钙质砂的相对密实度对桩基承载力影响程度明显减弱,桩的承载形式依然表现为端承桩,随着钙质砂胶结程度的提升,桩端阻力承载占比越来越高;胶结程度较高的钙质砂地层中桩身侧摩阻力发挥存在异步过程,这是因为桩基沉降时桩身下部破坏砂层形成了更为紧密的新接触面,该接触面对桩身的径向膨胀更为敏感;胶结钙质砂中桩基 q_s-S_u 线没有出现明显的硬化阶段,与未胶结钙质砂地层中桩基的 q_s-S_u多段折线变化规律不同,胶结钙质砂地层中桩基的 q_s-S_u曲线更为接近双曲线线型。     

MICP联合纤维加筋改性钙质砂的动力特性研究

为了提高我国南海钙质砂地基的抗液化性能,提出利用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉积（MICP）技术联合纤维加筋技术对钙质砂进行改性处理。通过开展动三轴试验,对比分析了改性前后钙质砂试样的动应变、动孔压、应力−应变滞回曲线以及动弹性模量的发展规律和演化特征,并结合扫描电镜（SEM）试验探究了MICP和纤维加筋技术对钙质砂的联合改性机制。研究结果表明：（1）MICP技术可以明显改善钙质砂试样的抗变形与抗液化性能,相比于未胶结处理试样,仅MICP处理试样的动应变和动孔压分别降低了95.74% 和 92.46%;（2）纤维的掺入进一步提升了MICP的改性效果,相比于仅MICP处理试样,MICP和纤维加筋联合处理试样的动应变和动孔压分别降低了 74.32%和 74.18%;（3）MICP 和纤维加筋技术通过减轻试样在循环荷载作用下的循环活动强度和能量耗散、提高试样的动弹性模量和减小动弹性模量的衰减速率,从而实现试样抗变形与抗液化性能的显著提高;（4）SEM 试验分析结果表明,MICP 与纤维对钙质砂动力特性的改善具有协同作用。纤维的掺入为细菌提供了更多的附着场所,促进了碳酸钙晶体的生成量,该部分碳酸钙不仅增加了颗粒间的胶结强度,同时也将纤维固定在砂颗粒上增强了纤维网的约束作用。     

西太平洋晚第三纪钙质超微化石及其化石带的划分

本文研究了菲律宾海东、北部“大洋钻探工程”125航次782A相786A二个钻孔晚第三纪的钙质超微化石。根据Okada和Bukry分带。本区自下而上划分为13个带(或亚带)。讨论了渐新世和中新世、中新世和上新世及第三纪和第四纪的界线。本区存在3个沉积间断:晚渐新世与中中新世之间:中中新世与晚中新世之间以及晚中新世与早上新世之间。修正了Cyclicargolithus abiseclus的时限分布,提出了 Cycliargolithus floridanus floridanus和cychcargoluhas flondanus abisectus是Cyclicargolithus floridanus的2个生态亚种。     

钙质砂水理性质及对岛礁淡水透镜体形成的影响

钙质砂的水理性质对岛礁地下淡水透镜体的形成至关重要。通过室内试验的方法从透水性、容水性和给水性3个方面对南海钙质砂的水理性质进行了研究,并在此基础上进一步结合数值模拟手段,探讨了上述相关性质对岛礁淡水透镜体形成的影响。结果表明：南海钙质砂多具有级配不良且不均匀的特征;其渗透系数通常在0.023~110 m/d之间,区域间差异较大,而孔隙度和给水度则主要集中在0.40~0.55和0.012~0.310之间,与同粒径范围的陆源砂相比,呈现出容水性好但给水性偏低的特征。钙质砂的水理性质对岛礁地下淡水透镜体形成的影响主要体现在流速、厚度、资源储量以及形成时间等方面,其中钙质砂的透水性越好,地下水中的流速越快,咸淡水间的混合作用越强,导致淡水透镜体的厚度越薄,储量越少;给水性则主要影响钙质砂中淡水透镜体的资源储量,对淡水透镜体的厚度及形状影响较小。     

钙质砂中的桩基工程研究进展述评

系统综述了钙质砂中桩基工程研究的历史和现状, 分析了钙质砂的低桩基承载力的原因, 提出今后重点研究方向     

Braarudosphaera -rich sediments in the Turonian of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic

Braarudosphaera -rich sediments occur in the Turonian (nannofossil zones CC13 and UC9a) epicontinental marine sediments of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. This phenomenon is linked to the input of terrigenous material during deceleration of sea-level rise, or stillstand in sea level, which possibly both triggered the Braarudosphaera bigelowii bloom and reduced the diversity of the nannoplankton assemblages. The occurrence of Marthasterites furcatus and Lithastrinus septenarius probably reflects depositional conditions that were suitable for their preservation. Hence, the resultant limitations to their use as local zonal markers in the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin are discussed. The influence of the Tethyan Bioprovince is documented by the coincident first occurrences of L. septenarius and M. furcatus. The presence of the high-latitude species Thiersteinia ecclesiastica indicates penetration of Boreal biota into this depositional area within the Turonian.     

Early Serpukhovian (late Mississippian) microflora from the Guadiato Area (southwestern Spain)

Calcareous microflora occur commonly in the early Serpukhovian (late Mississippian) rocks from the Guadiato Area (southwestern Spain) despite the fact that this area contains mostly siliciclastic sediments. The microflora recorded in the carbonate beds is regarded as representative of both relatively deep‐water and shallow‐water facies and can be compared with the slope and shelf facies environments distinguished in the Guadiato Area. Up to 45 algal taxa have been identified in the carbonate beds, of which 26 taxa occur in the relatively deep‐water assemblages, whereas the shallow‐water assemblages are composed of up to 43 taxa. The entire algal assemblage is dominated by calcifoliids, common cyanobacteria and incertae sedis, but the shallow‐water assemblages contain more commonly dasyclads, red algae and aoujgaliids. Most of these taxa are present, but poorly known, in other Serpukhovian carbonate platforms in the western Palaeotethys. Some algae (Hortonella uttingii, Kamaenella tenuis and Koninckopora inflata), usually regarded as being restricted to the Viséan, have been found in Serpukhovian rocks in the Guadiato Area, and also in Algeria, thus their stratigraphic ranges might be extended up to the Serpukhovian. Other important taxa include: Archaeolithophyllum, Cabrieropora, Calcifolium, Falsocalcifolium, Fourstonella, Frustulata, Kulikia, Neoprincipia and ‘Windsoporella’, which are exceptionally recorded in Serpukhovian rocks, or not recorded at all, because they are typically recorded in the Pennsylvanian (cf. Clavaporella), although some of them show earlier occurrences in Viséan rocks (Claracrusta, Paraepimastopora and Sparaphralysia). Some of the algal taxa can be considered as potential regional markers for the Serpukhovian, such as Archaeolithophyllum, cf. Clavaporella, Frustulata and Girvanella (?) sp. The algal assemblages found in the Guadiato Area show the greatest similarities with those in the Béchar‐Mézarif (Algeria), Pyrenees and Montagne Noire (southern France). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.