南阳凹陷下第三系核桃园组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物及其成因的初步探讨

本文主要阐述了南阳凹陷核桃园组砂岩中碳酸盐胶结物的矿物成份、产状及分布特征.研究表明,核桃园组中碳酸盐胶结物的成分、含量和分布明显受沉积相和成岩作用的控制.碳酸盐胶结物的形成是砂泥岩系统相互作用的结果.泥岩压实及粘土矿物的成岩转化提供了其主要的物质来源.这种认识为砂岩储层的评价提供了重要的依据.     

冀西北黄土钙质结核形态及其成因动力学特征与地层环境意义

论述了冀西北山间盆地区黄土钙质结核的个体特征及群体分布特点，结合地层的时代划分，总结了钙质结核的地层学意义：中更新统结核个体大，外形多呈块状，内部以均质结构为主，在剖面中常密集成层分布；上更新统结核个体较小，多呈姜状或球状，同心结构居多，分布较稀疏。根据钙质结核在盆地内的空间分布，提出形成钙核的ＣａＣＯ３成分部分可能来自于盆地边缘基岩区，按照结晶动力学原理对钙核的形成过程进行了分析，并在此基础上，对不同特征钙质结核的形成环境进行了讨论。     

北羌塘盆地沃若山剖面上三叠统土门格拉组沉积岩地球化学特征与构造背景分析

沉积岩中的微量元素和稀土元素特征对沉积环境、沉积物的物源和构造背景具有十分重要的指示作用(示踪)。对采自北羌塘盆地钙质泥岩样品中微量元素和稀土元素进行了测试与分析。结果表明,研究区土门格拉组微量元素中的深源元素(如N i、Cu、Ga等)普遍低于地壳粘土岩中的平均值,纵向上逐渐减小,而典型陆源元素Zr等的平均含量远高于地壳粘土岩中的平均含量,反映了大量的陆源物质的沉积且随着沉积作用的进行从底部到顶部陆源性质逐渐增强的特征;此外,Cr/Zr、Th/Sc、Th/U、Rb/Sr、Cr/Th等微量元素比值的特征还表明沉积物物源具有浅源、长英质、风化严重的特点。稀土元素分布模式和纵向变化规律表明土门格拉组从底部到顶部,稀土元素地球化学特征上具有一定的差异性,反映了沉积作用分异度低—高—低—高的特点及其沉积环境的还原—氧化—还原—氧化的变化过程。通过沉积岩La-Th-Sc、Co-Th-Zr/10和Sc-Th-Zr/10构造环境判别图、La/Th-H f和Th/Sc-Sc关系图解以及Th/U源岩判断分析,综合说明沃若山剖面土门格拉组沉积物源区主要以大陆岛弧构造背景为主,同时也有类似于被动大陆边缘构造背景的因素。     

The Mid-Cenomanian Event in southeastern France: Evidence from palaeontological and clay mineralogical data

Reconstruction of main palaeoenvironmental conditions across the Mid-Cenomanian Event (MCE I) in the hemipelagic Tethyan section of Blieux (Southeast France, Vocontian Basin) is proposed. Quantitative analyses of calcareous nannofossil, ammonoid and clay mineral assemblages have been made and compared with respect to sea level changes and the carbon cycle perturbations. The nannofossil primary productivity, as recorded by nannofossil fluxes and relative abundances of meso-eutrophic taxa, is low just below and during the MCE Ia, then slightly increases in the interval including the MCE Ib. The clay assemblages mainly consist of illite/smectite mixed-layers with a smaller proportion of kaolinite. The percentage of kaolinite strongly decreases in the interval including the MCE Ia and slightly increases in the interval including the MCE Ib. The clay assemblages are mainly detrital in origin and reflect environmental changes including differential settling processes, climate, intensity of runoff and detrital sources. The ammonoid assemblages are characterised by a significant change during the MCE I: planispirals (mainly Schloenbachia) are dominant until the MCE Ia, whereas heteromorphs (mainly Sciponoceras) become dominant from the MCE Ib onwards. Strongly oligotrophic levels in sea surfaces are recorded during the MCE Ia and are related both to arid climatic conditions and major sea level fall (both 3rd order and medium scale lowstand deposits). A decrease in bathymetry could partly explain the decrease in the relative abundance of Schloenbachia. The first occurrence of Sciponoceras took place during the MCE Ib; this second positive increase in δ¹³C is not associated with enhanced nannofossil primary productivity. No clear relations can be established between the occurrence of Sciponoceras and trophic resources.     

Integrated biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of an upper Santonian - upper Campanian succession from the southern part of the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

Study of an upper Santonian to upper Campanian hemipelagic succession from the southern part of the Romanian Eastern Carpathians enables us to establish an integrated biostratigraphy based on planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils and to compare this record with the agglutinated foraminiferal biozonation used for the Carpathians.Benthic foraminiferal assemblages were investigated using several methods, such as agglutinated and calcareous benthic foraminiferal morphogroups, and the benthic foraminiferal oxygen index in order to determine their response to environmental parameters in the basin (correlated with sea-level maxima documented by regional sea-level curves for the Tethys). A pattern of changes in benthic foraminiferal communities associated with increased organic carbon flux and rising sea-levels can be summarized as follows in the studied succession. As sea-level begins to rise there is an increase in the proportion of calcareous benthic foraminifera at the expense of agglutinated foraminifera within the benthic assemblages (earliest Campanian, mid-late Campanian). Once sea-level rises, an increase in the elongate keeled morphotype of agglutinated foraminifera (shallower water forms) can be observed, and if sea-level remains high for an extended period (as in the early Campanian) then an invasion of both agglutinated and benthic calcareous foraminifera characteristic of outer shelf-upper slope environments take place in the basin. The variations in tubular and deep infaunal morphotypes of agglutinated foraminifera are ascribed to varying levels of organic carbon flux.     

Palaeoecology and biostratigraphy of early Cretaceous (Aptian) calcareous nannofossils and the δCcarb isotope record from NE Iran

Upper Barremian-Lower Aptian sediments of the Sarcheshmeh and Sanganeh formations in the Kopet Dagh area, northeast Iran were studied with regard to their calcareous nannofossil content and their δ¹³C_carb signal. The sediments are composed mainly of marlstones, argillaceous limestones and limestones. Based on the occurrence of biostratigraphic index taxa, the calcareous nannofossil zones NC5, NC6 and the NC7A Subzone were recognised. The calcareous nannofossils and the δ¹³C_carb data enable recognition of the early Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a). The deposits of the OAE 1a interval are characterised by the rarity of nannoconids and a sharp negative δ¹³C_carb excursion (1.36‰), followed by an abrupt positive δ¹³C_carb excursion of 4-5‰; both events have been recognised elsewhere in OAE 1a deposits in the Tethys. In the OAE 1a interval, the relative abundance of Watznaueria barnesiae/Watznaueria fossacincta is higher (more than 40%) than that of Biscutum spp., Discorhabdus spp. and Zeugrhabdotus spp., which indicates dissolution. In the upper part of the section, the higher relative abundance of mesotrophic and oligotrophic taxa (Watznaueria spp. and nannoconids respectively) and the enhanced relative abundance of eutrophic taxa (Biscutum spp., Discorhabdus spp., Zeugrhabdotus spp.) is indicative of an environment with slightly increased nutrient content. The presence of warm water taxa (Rhagodiscus asper and nannoconids) and the absence of cool water taxa (Repagulum and Crucibiscutum) suggest warm surface-water conditions.     

动态海水中保护电位对钙质沉积层形成的影响

采用恒电位阴极极化和线性极化法研究了天然海水中不同动态条件、不同初始保护电位下,阴极保护初期碳钢表面钙质沉积层的形成规律。扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱X-射线分析(EDX)分析了保护后碳钢表面的产物。结果表明:-800 mV(vs.SCE,下同)保护电位下,在静态和动态海水中碳钢表面形成的钙质沉积层质量都较差;-900 mV保护电位下,静态海水中形成致密的钙质沉积层,动态下钙质沉积层形成困难;-1 000 mV保护电位下,静态和动态海水中都形成良好的钙质沉积层。随流速增大,阴极保护电流密度显著增大,钙质沉积层中Ca/Mg比值增加;动态条件下,较负的保护电位,有利于阴极保护初期钙质沉积层的形成。     

Correlation of late Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil zones with ammonite zones and planktonic Foraminifera: the Austrian Gosau sections

The late Turonian to early Campanian calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Austrian Gosau Group is correlated with ammonite and planktonic foraminiferal zones. The standard Tethyan zonations for nannofossils and planktonic foraminifers are applied with only minor modifications. The basal marine sediments of the Gosau Group, bearing late Turonian-early Coniacian macrofossils, belong to the Marthasterites furcatus nannofossil Zone (CC13). The Micula decussata Zone (middle Coniacian to early Santonian) is combined with the Reinhardtites anthophorus Zone because of the rare occurrence of Renhardtites cf. R. anthophorus already in the Coniacian and taxonomic problems concerning the correct identification of this species. The Santonian-Campanian boundary lies within the Calculites obscures Zone (CCl7).     

Calcareous Algae from Northeastern Brilon Reef Complex of Middle and Upper Devonian in Eastern Sauerland， Germany

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