南海钙质砂宏细观破碎力学特性

针对取自我国南部某海域的钙质砂样本,做了以下两方面工作：一是通过电子显微镜获取了钙质砂颗粒的几何投影图像,利用图像处理技术对图形进行黑白二值化处理,获取单元颗粒形状轮廓边界,使用圆度和粗糙度2个参数对钙质砂的颗粒形状进行定义和量化。二是通过不同围压下的三轴固结排水剪切试验及试验前后的颗分测量对比,研究了颗粒破碎对钙质砂的变形、强度、能量耗散等特性的影响。研究表明,大粒径钙质砂（粒径大于2.0 mm）和小粒径钙质砂（粒径小于0.5 mm）形态比较接近圆形、颗粒表面相对光滑;相比而言,中间粒径（粒径介于0.5～2.0 mm之间）钙质砂形状较不规则,表面棱角较多。钙质砂在三轴排水剪切过程中发生颗粒破碎,试样向着级配均匀的方向发展。随着初始围压的增大,颗粒破碎程度加大,土样整体剪胀趋势减小,而破碎引起的能量耗散增加。而在高围压（初始围压为600 kPa）剪切过程中,仅考虑摩擦耗散,以及同时考虑摩擦、体积耗散两种情况下,计算得到的最大颗粒破碎耗散分别可达土样总输入塑性功的25%和18%。     

Cenozoic Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy of Sediments from Lingfeng Well in East China Sea

In the past15 years,the Cenozoic calcareous nannofossilsin the East China Sea were biostratigraphically studied duringthe extensive offshore petroleum exploration in a number ofbasins on the shelf of the East China Sea.A number of Pale-ocene to Quaternary nannofossil zones were recognized basedon the nannofossils from m any offshore wells (SBMGS,1989,1985 ) .These previous studies indicated a lot of biostratigraphicproblems,resulting in difficulties in the understanding of afurther detail…     

Problems in revegetation from seed of rangelands on calcareous silty clay soils in Jordan

A major obstacle in the rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in Jordan, and the Middle East in general, is poor regeneration from seed. In laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments, indigenous plant species' seeds tolerated mannitol-induced water stress better than the seeds of introduced plant species. Germination and plant establishment were lower in a silty clay soft compared to peatmoss; seedlings could not penetrate the hard surface layer of the silty clay. Plant regeneration from seed in arid calcareous silty clay rangelands was better when protected from grazing; it was very slow due to surface crusting, low soil moisture content and high soil temperature which prevailed most parts of the year. Contour planting with water harvesting are possible solutions to poor plant establishment.     

钙质砂压缩波速与物理性质参数关系研究

开展钙质砂纵波波速与物理性质参数关系的试验研究,对珊瑚礁地基无损检测及工程物探具有重要的理论指导意义和工程应用价值。控制试样的物性参数状态,利用制样装置进行波速测量,揭示钙质砂纵波波速与物性参数的相关关系。试验结果表明：含水率是影响纵波波速的主要因素,与纵波波速呈二次函数关系。CT扫描结果表明,试样粒径越大,颗粒内部孔隙越丰富,这导致试样孔隙比越大,波速故而越小,与粒径、孔隙比呈负相关关系。在密实度相同、不均匀系数不同时,级配良好的砂样纵波波速差异不大。经过侧限压缩后,含水率一定时,粉土纵波波速与孔隙比呈二次关系,且与密度呈良好的线性关系。利用粉土易压缩且与纵波波速紧密变化的特点,可积极探索声波在粉土地基密实度检测的工程应用。     

Distribution,age, and origin of a submarine landslide deposit in the Pleistocene Kiwada Formation,forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula,east‐central Japan: Constraints from tephro‐ and biostratigraphy

A mass‐transport deposit named MTD1 (up to 100 m in thickness) is intercalated in the upper Kiwada Formation, a Pleistocene forearc basin fill on the Boso Peninsula, east‐central Japan. The present study aims to examine the origin, age, and distribution of MTD1. MTD1 consists mainly of mudstone blocks containing thin very fine‐ to medium‐grained sandstones, and ranges from tens of centimeters to more than tens of meters in length and thickness. Correlation of marker tuff beds and application of the biostratigraphy of calcareous nannofossils suggest that the blocks in MTD1 were derived from the underlying strata. The total thickness of the stratified blocks from the different stratigraphic horizons exceeds 60 m, implying that MTD1 originated from deeply‐excavated slope failure. The slope failure occurred in a short time interval at ca 1.3 Ma. MTD1 provides an estimate of the height of the escarpment on the basis of the stratigraphic origin of the blocks.     

钙质砂声发射特征的三轴试验研究

钙质砂在低应力水平下就会产生颗粒破碎,并伴随有明显的声发射。在不同围压下,对不同初始孔隙比和级配的南沙群岛永暑礁钙质砂进行室内三轴排水剪切试验,同时监测其声发射信号。试验发现：当围压增加或初始孔隙比减小时,钙质砂偏应力峰值逐渐增加,但在某一界限围压时,声发射活动出现最强,在某一界限孔隙比附近时,声发射活动出现最弱;对于级配较差的钙质砂,试验前期声发射活动较弱,其偏应力峰值较小。     

某水库库区侏罗系钙质砾岩对水库渗漏的影响

某拟建水库地层中存在溶孔和溶洞等溶蚀现象,可构成潜在渗漏通道。在对水库库区地质、水文地质条件调查、分析基础上,重点研究了库区钙质砾岩溶蚀的发育机理、特点和空间发育规律。由此,初步认为：库区钙质砾岩条带溶蚀不甚发育,不存在贯通性的渗漏通道,不会引起水库严重渗漏。     

冲绳海槽中部MIS 6期以来Florisphaera profunda百分含量变化及其控制因素

对取自冲绳海槽中部的Z14-6岩心进行了钙质超微化石的鉴定统计和有孔虫的氧碳稳定同位素分析,在利用浮游有孔虫氧同位素曲线对比进行地层划分的基础上,通过与邻近区域3个岩心数据进行对比,分析了150 kaBP以来该海区钙质超微化石下透光带属种Florisphaera profunda百分含量变化特征及其受控机制。研究结果表明,MIS 6期以来F.profunda百分含量变化具有明显的冰期-间冰期旋回特征,末次冰期旋回中,冰期时F.profunda百分含量低于间冰期,倒数第二次冰期旋回中正好相反。F.profunda百分含量变化的主控因子是黑潮流的强弱变化,倒数第二次冰期旋回中F.profunda百分含量从MIS 5e期末开始降低,由此推测黑潮从MIS 5e期末开始减弱或向洋外偏移,沿岸水入侵冲绳海槽。     

南黄海表层沉积物中钙质超微化石的分布

对南黄海地区47个表层沉积物样品进行了钙质超微化石分析.结果表明,该区超微化石组合主要以Emiliania huxleyi和Gephyrocapsa oceanica占优势.钙质超微化石总丰度分布不一,主要受水深和黄海暖流的控制.E.huxleyi和G.oceanica两个优势种的平面分布规律也各不相同,E.huxle...     

天然胶结钙质土强度及微观结构研究

自20世纪80年代起,国内就开展了关于岛礁钙质土岩土工程性质的研究工作,至今已经取得了大量的研究成果,但上述研究工作均是针对松散钙质土进行的,针对岛礁上广泛分布的胶结钙质土的研究工作尚未系统开展。而国外大量工程实践表明,胶结钙质土具有完全不同于松散钙质土的工程性状。针对天然胶结钙质土的空间各向异性,从微观角度研究影响其强度的主要参数,为今后的胶结钙质土的分类研究提供理论指导。文中采用多种试验研究方法,最后建立了天然胶结钙质土的密度、胶结度、孔隙度、颗粒大小等参数与强度间的对应关系,当前的研究结果表明,天然胶结钙质土的密度及胶结度与强度间存在良好的相关性。