极地冰藻极端海冰生境适应机制及其受气候变化的影响

冰藻是南北极海冰生物群落中最主要的组成部分,通过固定和输出碳、吸收养分、生产释放氧气和有机化合物,推动高纬度生态系统的生物地球化学循环,在南北极海洋生态系统中发挥着重要作用.从宏观到微观综述了近年来在海冰栖息环境特征、冰藻种类组成和群落结构、冰藻对极端环境的适应机制以及气候变化对海冰环境和冰藻的影响等方面的研究进展,并...     

Contribution of benthic microalgae to the whole water algal biomass and primary production in Suo Nada,the Seto Inland Sea,Japan

Biomass and primary productivity of benthic microalgae (BMA) and planktonic algae in Suo Nada, the western part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan were compared in terms of unit area with regard to their seasonal and spatial distribution in 2002. Judging from light compensation depth and water depth, the southwestern part of Suo Nada was considered to be a potential habitat for BMA. Whereas the contribution of sedimented planktonic algae was high in biomass at the sediment surface, BMA was obviously significant both in biomass and primary production in the shallow southwestern part. However, the contribution of BMA to the total biomass in the entire water column was 7% in winter and 2% in summer. The primary production of BMA varied between 4.0 and 74.0 mg C m⁻² d⁻¹ in the southwestern part, accounting for 2–12% of the whole water column primary production. The ecological roles of BMA in the Suo Nada ecosystem are discussed, such as reduction of benthic nutrient flux, oxidation of surface sediments and feed for higher animals.     

5种南海海藻醇提取物活性初步研究

海藻是海洋生物代谢产物的主要来源之一,能产生丰富多样的生物活性物质.为了更好地利用中国南海的海藻资源,分别对采自中国湛江硇洲岛的1种绿藻基根硬毛藻Chaetomorpha basiretorsa Setchell和4种红藻刺状鱼栖苔Acantophora spicififera (Vahl) Boerg、三列凹顶藻Laurencia tristicha Tseng, Chang et Xia、紫杉状海门冬Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Trevisan、鸡毛菜Pterocladia tenuis Okam进行了生物活性研究,分别对细胞毒活性(KB、Bel-7402、PC-3M、Ketr3和MCF-7)、Na~+,K~+-ATPase抑制活性以及犬血管平滑肌细胞增殖抑制活性进行了筛选,部分海藻提取物表现出一定的生理活性.     

赤潮藻鉴定与定量检测方法进展

从基于形态学差异的图像识别技术、基于核酸分析的检测方法、基于免疫分析的检测方法、基于特征色素的方法和基于光学特性的方法5个方面,比较系统地回顾了有关赤潮藻定性鉴定和定量检测技术的发展,并就存在的问题和发展趋势作了简要分析。     

应用双特异分子探针技术定性定量检测圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula)

设计了一套圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula)特异性探针,运用双特异分子探针技术,对圆海链藻(Thalassiosira rotula)进行了定性定量检测.结果表明,本实验中设计的一套探针与其它十几种藻无交叉反应,具有种特异性;细胞裂解液直接杂交检测优于提纯RNA样品检测;对自然样品做了初步检测,发现天然海水中的其它浮游生物对该检测方法影响很小.     

Changes of cellular superficial configuration of symbiotic algae during cultivation from two anemones found in the South China Sea

Symbiotic algae from two anemones, Radianthus macrodactylus and Stichodactyla mertensii, found in the South China Sea, were cultivated in ASP-8A medium in this study. Changes of superficial configuration of symbiotic algae during the cultivation were studied by means of a microscope and a scanning electron microscope （SEM）. A number of small cavities appeared on the surfaces of symbiotic algae after they were cultivated for 10 h. The cavities enlarged and the cell contents were lost with extended cultivation. Our data suggested that the presence of cavities on symbiotic algae surfaces may be one of the main reasons for failure to culture symbiotic algae in an artificial medium.     

Shore exposure affects mussel population structure and mediates the effect of epibiotic algae on mussel survival in SW Ireland

On rocky shores, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic processes that regulate community structure are thought to vary with levels of shore exposure. This can lead to characteristic features found on sheltered and exposed shores. This study identified differences in the population structure of mussels on exposed and sheltered rocky shores on Atlantic coasts of south-west Ireland. Direct interactions between epibiotic algae and their host mussels were also examined to test if potential effects varied with shore exposure. Mussel beds on sheltered shores were less dense and comprised larger mussels with greater rates of individual survival and growth than those on exposed shores. The results of a field experiment showed that algal epibionts had a negative effect on mussel survival on sheltered shores but not on exposed shores. Surprisingly, the presence of algal epibionts had no effect on mussel growth on either shore type. These findings contrast with those of previous studies. The effects of shore exposure and algal epibionts on mussels may be species-specific and may interact with other factors across different regions. This study shows that predictions of effects of exposure on mussel populations and their epibionts should only be based on specific experimental evidence and cannot be generalised across regions.     

Oomycetes and fungi: important parasites on marine algae

Considering that the field is largely unexplored and its importance to aquaculture, outline of oomycetes and fungi parasiting on marine algae was provided in this paper, including 15 species of oomycetes, six species of chytrids, 31 Ascomycota species and one species of mitosporic fungi. In natrue, both the oomycetes and chytrids frequently occurred and induced prevalences of disease which could destroy the populations of host plants greatly. However, the parasites in Ascomycota on algae have never occurred as epidemics so far. Some issues relating to the field were discussed such as performing tests to satisfy Koch''s postulates, investigations of host specificity, interactions between host and parasite and the potential effects of environmental factors on occurrence of a disease, which are urgent in need of further investigations.     

藻类捕光天线系统:结构与功能的统一

藻类是光合自养的水生孢子植物,为了适应水下弱光的特殊生境,藻类捕光天线历经亿万年的进化,形成了特殊的结构与功能.从发现藻类捕光天线的存在到至今的70多年间,其结构解析技术的发展共经历了4个阶段:首先是利用生化及普通光谱技术研究结构组成(1950-1980年);其次是利用X-ray晶体学技术研究局部精细结构(1980年至...