沁水煤田赵庄矿区地质构造分析与研究

在野外踏勘和室内资料整理分析的基础上,对赵庄矿区物探工作所查明的断层、井下揭露的断层以及野外观测到的断层进行了断层倾角统计和分断距统计对比分析。对矿区范围内井上下的断层和野外实测节理滑动面的发育规律进行了总结。在此基础上,分析了赵庄矿区地质构造体系及其演化规律。     

Spatial orientations of galaxies in 10 Abell clusters of BM type II–III

We present an analysis of the spatial orientations of 1315 galaxies in 10 Abell clusters of BM type II–III (type II–III in the Bautz–Morgan system). It is found that the spin-vector orientations of the galaxies in six clusters (Abell 168, 426, 1035, 1227, 1367 and 1904) tend to lie parallel to the Local Supercluster (LSC) plane. The spin-vector projections of galaxies in six clusters (Abell 168, 1020, 1035, 1227, 1904 and 1920) are found to be oriented perpendicular with respect to the direction of the LSC centre. Three clusters (Abell 1920, 2255 and 2256) show a bimodal orientation: spin vectors tend to be oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the LSC plane. No dependence of radial velocity, distance and cluster magnitude on galaxy orientation is noticed. In a comparison with previous work, we noticed that the anisotropy might increase from early-type (BM type I) to late-type (BM types II–III and III) clusters. We notice a vanishing angular momentum for the less massive galaxy clusters (richness class 0). A significant alignment of the angular momenta of galaxies for massive clusters, e.g. the core of the Shapley Supercluster (richness class 4,   M > 10¹⁵ M_⊙  ), is found.     

On an analytical framework for voids: their abundances, density profiles and local mass functions

We present a general analytical procedure for computing the number density of voids with radius above a given value within the context of gravitational formation of the large-scale structure of the Universe out of Gaussian initial conditions. To this end, we develop an accurate (under generally satisfied conditions) extension of the unconditional mass function to constrained environments, which allows us both to obtain the number density of collapsed objects of certain mass at any distance from the centre of the void, and to derive the number density of voids defined by collapsed objects. We have made detailed calculations for the spherically averaged mass density and halo number density profiles for particular voids. We also present a formal expression for the number density of voids defined by galaxies of a given type and luminosity. This expression contains the probability for a collapsed object of certain mass to host a galaxy of that type and luminosity (i.e. the conditional luminosity function) as a function of the environmental density. We propose a procedure to infer this function, which may provide useful clues as to the galaxy formation process, from the observed void densities.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

ATLAS*GIS , Version 1.0. ATLAS*MapMaker , Version 4.0. FIVFIV-SINSIN , Release 9.0. Geo-EAS , Version 1.2.1. Evan Englund Sim City , Version 1.0 Statistix , Version 3.1.     

A classification of drainage and macropore flow in an agricultural catchment

This paper uses a variety of multivariate statistical techniques in order to improve current understanding of the antecedent and rainfall controls on drainage characteristics for an agricultural underdrained clay site. Using the dataset obtained from a two‐year hillslope study at Wytham (Oxfordshire, UK) a number of patterns in the nature and style of drainage events were explored. First, using principal components analysis, a distinction was drawn between drainflow controlled by antecedent conditions and drainflow controlled by rainfall characteristics. Dimensional analysis then distinguished between two further types of drainflow event: antecedent limited events (ALE) and non‐antecedent limited events (NALE). These were drainflow events requiring a minimum antecedent hydraulic head to occur (ALE) and events that occurred in response to rainfall irrespective of the antecedent conditions, because the rainfall was either of high enough intensity or duration to prompt a response in drainflow (NALE). 2. The dataset also made possible a preliminary investigation into the controls on and types of macropore flow at the site. Principal components analysis identified that rainfall characteristics were more important than antecedent conditions in generating high proportions of macropore flow in drainflow. Of the rainfall characteristics studied, rainfall amount and intensity were the dominant controls on the amount of macropore flow, with duration as a secondary control. Two styles of macropore flow were identified: intensity‐driven and duration‐driven. Intensity‐driven events are characterized by rainfall of high intensity and short duration. During such events the amount of macropore flow is proportional to the rainfall intensity and the interaction between macropore and matrix flow is kinetically limited. The second style of macropore flow is characterized by long‐duration events. For these events the amount of macropore flow approaches a maximum value whatever the rainfall duration. This suggests that these events are characterized by an equilibrium interaction between macropores and matrix flow. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2005年度天文学科科学基金项目申请和资助情况分析

介绍了2005年度天文学科科学基金申请、资助的基本情况,并对其结果进行了分析。     

Rapid report of the 8 January 2022 ​MS 6.9 Menyuan earthquake,Qinghai, China

The M_S 6.9 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai Province, west China is the largest earthquake by far in 2022. The earthquake occurs in a tectonically active region, with a background b-value of 0.87 within 100 ?km of the epicenter that we derived from the unified catalog produced by China Earthquake Networks Center since late 2008. Field surveys have revealed surface ruptures extending 22 ?km along strike, with a maximum ground displacement of 2.1 ?m. We construct a finite fault model with constraints from InSAR observations, which showed multiple fault segments during the Menyuan earthquake. The major slip asperity is confined within 10 ?km at depth, with the maximum slip of 3.5 ?m. Near real-time back-projection results of coseismic radiation indicate a northwest propagating rupture that lasted for ～10 ?s. Intensity estimates from the back-projection results show up to a Mercalli scale of IX near the ruptured area, consistent with instrumental measurements and the observations from the field surveys. Aftershock locations (up to January 21, 2022) exhibit two segments, extending to ～20 ?km in depth. The largest one reaches M_S 5.3, locating near the eastern end of the aftershock zone. Although the location and the approximate magnitude of the mainshock had been indicated by previous studies based on paleoearthquake records and seismic gap, as well as estimated stressing rate on faults, significant surface-breaching rupture leads to severe damage of the high-speed railway system, which poses a challenge in accurately assessing earthquake hazards and risks, and thus demands further investigations of the rupture behaviors for crustal earthquakes.