土壤中不同形态砷的分析方法

选取磷酸作为提取剂,比较了超声和水浴两种方法辅助提取土壤中不同形态的砷,离子色谱一氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用法(IC-HGAFS)测定砷的4种形态,即As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、MMA (甲基胂酸)和DMA(二甲基胂酸)。从测定结果可以看出,水浴的提取效果明显高于超声的提取效果。土壤中砷以无机态为主,而无机态砷又以As(Ⅴ)为主,没有检测到有机砷。测定土壤中各种形态砷的加标回收率为72.0%～105.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为2.61%～8.19%。     

碘分析方法研究进展

对国内外碘测定的样品前处理方法作了简要回顾,重点介绍了近10年来有关碘的测定方法及碘形态分析的最新研究进展。碘测定方法主要包括容量法、光度法、电化学法、中子活化法、色谱法、原子光谱法以及质谱法等。对测定碘形态的联用技术进行了简要介绍。引用文献113篇。     

Dry deposition and particle-size distribution of phosphorus in the marine atmosphere over the northeastern coast of Taiwan

This study is the first to measure the particulate phosphorus, including total inorganic phosphorus (TIP) and organic phosphorus (OP), in size-fractionated atmospheric particles. The results indicate that continental and marine sources are the key controls on the particle-size distribution of phosphorus species. For continental and local anthropogenic sources, both TIP and OP are associated with fine-mode aerosols during the winter and spring, and both are also associated with coarse particles during the summer and autumn. The coarse/fine ratios are low during periods with a non-oceanic source but high at other times, probably because of the biological growing season in the surface waters of the study area. The calculated annual fluxes based on estimates of dual-mode particles are 532±185, 435±172, and 96.8±48.8 μmol m⁻² yr⁻¹ for TP, TIP, and OP, respectively. Based on previously published solubility data for particulate phosphorus (34%), we calculated an annual flux of 180±63 μmol m⁻² yr⁻¹ for readily soluble particulate phosphorus.     

有机-中性化技术对旱作土壤镉有效性的长期影响

采用连续提取法测定了土壤中镉（Cd）的形态,以研究石灰或钙镁磷肥与猪粪或泥炭混施对田间条件下Cd污染土壤中Cd有效性的抑制效果．处理的第1年,猪粪使石灰对土壤Cd有效性的抑制率从18．2％提高到22．3％,使钙镁磷肥的抑制率从37．1％提高到50．8％;泥炭使石灰的抑制率从18．2％提高到57．1％,使钙镁磷肥的抑制率从37．1％提高到49．3％．处理的第4年,猪粪使石灰对土壤Cd有效性的抑制率从32．3％提高到44．2％,使钙镁磷肥的抑制率从38％提高到51．6％;泥炭使石灰的抑制率从32．3％提高到45．4％,使钙镁磷肥的抑制率从38％降低到8．2％．上述结果表明猪粪和泥炭在施用后第1年均可增强石灰和钙镁磷肥对土壤Cd有效性的抑制效果．到第4年,猪粪仍然促进了石灰和钙镁磷肥对Cd有效性的抑制效果,而泥炭增强了石灰的抑制效率但降低了钙镁磷肥的抑制效果．研究结果证明了有机-中性化技术对cd污染土壤的修复效果．石灰和钙镁磷肥大幅度提高了土壤Cd的碳酸盐结合态与专性吸附态,从而降低了土壤Cd的有效态（水溶态＋交换态）．     

基于3D Mine的阳山金矿安坝矿段三维建模研究及矿体形态分析

矿山三维立体模型的建立是矿山数字化的基础。本文系统收集了阳山金矿安坝矿段勘探线剖面图28条,编录了钻孔数据106个,分析了31446个钻孔采样结果,建立了钻孔数据库;应用3D Mine矿业工程软件构建了地形模型和矿体模型;对于三维建模的一般技术路线进行了初步归纳;建立了安坝矿段三维实体模型;并对矿体形态进行了分析,从而探讨了阳山金矿区的构造控矿规律,解释了矿体形态可能的形成原因,以期为阳山的深入找矿工作提供一定的理论依据。     

Chemical speciation of arsenic in the livers of higher trophic marine animals

Concentrations of total arsenic and individual arsenic compounds were determined in livers of cetaceans (Dall's porpoise and short-finned pilot whale), pinnipeds (harp and ringed seals), sirenian (dugong), and sea turtles (green and loggerhead turtles) to characterize arsenic accumulation profiles in higher trophic marine animals. Hepatic arsenic concentrations in sea turtles were highest among the species examined. Chemical speciation of arsenic revealed that arsenobetaine was the major arsenic compound in almost all the species. In contrast, arsenobetaine was a minor constituent in dugong. Dimethylarsinic acid, methylarsonic acid, arsenocholine, tetramethylarsonium ion, arsenite, and an unidentified arsenic compound were also detected as minor constituents. However, the composition of arsenic compounds was different among these species. These results might reflect the differences in the metabolism of arsenic and/or the compositions of arsenic compounds in their preys. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the large variation in the composition of arsenic species in liver of marine mammals and sea turtles.     

On the Stability of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">AlOSi</Emphasis>(<Emphasis Type="Italic">OH</Emphasis>)<Stack><Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>2+</Superscript></Stack> Complex in Aqueous Solution

Summary The complexation of aluminium(III) and silicon(IV) was studied in a simplified seawater medium (0.6 M Na(Cl)) at 25 °C. The measurements were performed as potentiometric titrations using a hydrogen electrode with OH ⁻ ions being generated coulometrically. The total concentrations of Si(IV) and Al(III) respectively [Si _tot ] and [Al _t ot], and −log[H ⁺] were varied within the limits 0.3 < [Si _tot ] < 2.5 mM, 0.5 < [Al _tot ] < 2.6 mM, and 2 ≤ -log[H ⁺] ≤ 4.2. Within these ranges of concentration, evidence is given for the formation of an AlSiO(OH) ₃ ²⁺ complex with a formation constant log β_1,1-1 = −2.75 ± 0.1 defined by the reaction Al ³⁺+Si (OH)₄ ↔ AlOSi(OH) ₃ ²⁺ +H ⁺ An extrapolation of this value to I=0 gives log β_1,1-1 = −2.30. The calculated value of log K (Al ³⁺+SiO(OH) ₃ ⁻ ↔ AlOSi(OH) ₃ ²⁺ ) = 6.72 (I=0.6 M) can be compared with corresponding constants for the formation of AlF ²⁺ and AlOH ²⁺ , which are equal to 6.16 and 8.20. Obviously, the stability of these Al(III) complexes decreases within the series OH ⁻>SiO(OH) ₃ ⁻  > F ⁻     

Water diffusivity in rhyolitic glasses as determined by in situ IR spectroscopy

The dehydration rate of hydrous rhyolitic glasses at 475–875 °C was measured by in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy in order to determine the diffusion coefficient of water in rhyolitic glasses. The IR spectra of glass thin sections were obtained at 90-s intervals during 90 min at high temperatures, and the change in absorbance at 3550 cm^–1 corresponding to total water was monitored. The diffusion coefficients obtained from dehydration rates of the rhyolitic glasses are considered to be averaged value over the water-concentration profile in the sample. The averaged apparent diffusion coefficients increase with the initial total water content from 0.20 m² s^–1 for 0.7 wt% to 0.37 m² s^–1 for 2.8 wt% at 700 °C. The apparent activation energy for the diffusion of total water decreases with increasing initial water content from 112 ± 6 kJ mol^–1 for 0.7 wt% to 60 ± 17 kJ mol^–1 for 4.1 wt%. Assuming a linear relation between the diffusion coefficient of total water and the total water content, the diffusion coefficients at each initial total water content were also determined. The diffusion coefficients of total water at the water contents of 0.7 and 1.9 wt% and at 0.1 MPa were best fitted by ln D=[(12.9 ± 0.8) – (111 500 ± 6400)/RT] and ln D=[(10.6 ± 0.4) – (86 800 ± 2800)/RT], respectively, and are in agreement with previous data (D in m² s^–1, T in K). The present in situ IR dehydration experiment is a rapid and effective method for the determination of water diffusivity at high temperatures.