埋藏有机酸性流体对四川盆地东北部飞仙关组储层的溶蚀改造作用：溶解动力学实验研究

通过白云岩化鲕粒灰岩与0.1 mol/L乙酸的旋转盘溶解动力学实验,研究了深埋藏中有机质热演化过程中伴生的有机酸对鲕粒灰岩储层的改造作用机理.结果显示,白云岩化鲕粒灰岩溶解反应的速率在3.26×10-7～6.66×10-7 mol/(cm2·s)之间,并且溶蚀速率随温度和转速的增加而增大.反应前后样品表面的扫描电子显微...     

台湾海峡西部沉积物中碳的来源及埋藏

根据2005年夏季航次观测的沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)、无机碳(CaCO3)、总氮(TN)、悬浮体颗粒有机碳(POC)、沉积物粒度数据得出,台湾海峡西部表层沉积物TOC质量分数的范围为0.01～1.79,平均值为0.37±0.24,略高于20多年前台湾海峡南部海区,而低于台湾海峡中、北部海区;TOC的质量分数湾内比湾外...     

山东诸城晚白垩世古地震事件与恐龙化石埋藏

在山东诸城库沟、龙骨涧、西见屯集群恐龙化石埋藏层——上白垩统王氏群辛格庄组与红土崖组中,发现存在脆性、塑性及液化等多种类型的软沉积物变形构造,主要包括负载构造、球一枕构造、挤入构造(火焰构造)、液化卷曲变形、液化脉状构造、混插沉积构造及地震断裂等典型的粗碎屑沉积物形成的古地震记录.多层的软沉积物变形构造及未变形沉积层间...     

碳酸盐白云化作用模式研究进展

碳酸盐白云化作用是白云石(白云岩)成因研究中一个重要领域,对不同碳酸盐白云化作用模式的总结和应用是白云石(白云岩)成因研究的重要内容之一,因而,进一步深入理解目前已有的不同碳酸盐白云化作用模式,将对今后更好地应用和改进现有的模式、甚至总结全新的模式都有重要的现实意义.在大量国内外文献资料分析的基础上,较系统地总结了目前...     

Lake George revisited: New evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake,Southern Tablelands,NSW, Australia

Lake George contains the longest continuous sedimentary record of any Australian lake basin, but previous age models are equivocal, particularly for the oldest (pre-Quaternary) part of the record. We have applied a combination of cosmogenic nuclide burial dating, magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy to determine the age of the basal (fluvial) unit in the basin, the Gearys Gap Formation. Within the differing resolutions achievable by the three dating techniques, our results show that (i) the Gearys Gap Formation, began accumulating at ca 4 Ma, in the early Pliocene (Zanclean), and (ii) deposition had ceased by ca 3 Ma, in the mid late Pliocene (Piacenzian). Whether the same age control provides an early Pliocene (Zanclean) age for the formation of the lake basin is uncertain. During the Piacenzian, the vegetation at the core site was a wetland community dominated by members of the coral fern family Gleicheniaceae, while the surrounding dryland vegetation was a mix of sclerophyll and temperate rainforest communities, with the latter including trees and shrubs now endemic to New Guinea–New Caledonia and Tasmania. Mean annual rainfall and temperatures are inferred to have been ～2000–3000 mm, although probably not uniformly distributed throughout the year, and within the mesotherm range (>14°C <20°C), respectively. Unresolved issues are: (1) Does the basal gravel unit predate uplift of the Lake George Range and therefore provide evidence that one of the proposed paleo-spillways of Lake George, that above Geary's Gap, has been elevated up to 100–200 m by neotectonic activity over the past 4 million years? (2) Did a shallow to deepwater lake exist elsewhere in the lake basin during the Pliocene?     

26Al/10Be埋藏测年及其在洞穴沉积年代学研究中的应用

长期暴露于地表的石英砂被快速搬入洞穴或埋藏,不再接受宇宙射线辐射,埋藏前所积累的陆地宇生核素26 Al 和10 Be 随时间指数衰减。据此用加速器质谱计测定沉积物中石英样品现存的26 Al /10 Be可计算其埋藏年代。用此方法本文对周口店第一地点的下部地层年代作了初探。此次研究表明自第10层以下的沉积物其年代很可能≥ 1 Ma。      

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部块状白云岩的深埋藏白云石化机制

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部发育一套厚层块状白云岩。在西部地区定边至鄂托克旗一带,这套块状白云岩连续厚度达数百米。定探l井揭示的最大厚度为431 m。自西向东,白云岩体由厚变薄,并与石灰岩呈指状交织。这套块状白云岩由粗粉晶－细晶白云石组成,斑状结构发育。常见云斑的边界为缝合线,这表明斑状白云石化明显受缝合线控制。 白云岩有序度平均值为摩尔含量平均为50.65 g／mol。δ13C的平均值为0.6‰(PDB),的平均值为-7.4‰(PDB)。主体细晶白云石中液态包体常见,最低均－温度为104℃,包体成分中含有大量的有机成分和无机成分 上述特征表明,这套白云岩是由深埋藏白云岩化作用形成的,它显示出良好的储集性能,是重要的后备储集岩。     

东濮凹陷新生代的热历史

东濮凹陷是渤海湾盆地南缘极具油气开采潜力的凹陷,本文揭示该凹陷新生代埋藏史、热史及烃源岩演化史.利用凹陷各构造单元18口井的镜质体反射率数据,恢复其埋藏史、热史.结果显示,东濮凹陷经历“一升两降”的构造沉降,并具有“马鞍型”的热演化特征.自沙四段沉积开始至沙三段,地温梯度逐渐增加,在沙三段沉积末期达到最大,为45.2℃～48℃/km.自沙二段沉积开始至今,地温梯度总体逐渐降低,仅在东营组沉积时期出现微弱回升,现今地温梯度为30℃～ 34℃/km.以埋藏史和热史为基础,结合构造及有机地球化学资料,对东濮凹陷18口井烃源岩演化史进行模拟.结果表明,烃源岩热演化受东营组沉积时期的古地温控制,3套烃源岩成熟度均在27Ma(东营组沉积时期)达到最大.     

Very hot,very shallow hydrothermal dolomitization: An example from the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy–south‐east France)

In the Maritime Alps (north‐west Italy – south‐east France), the Middle Triassic–lowermost Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Provençal Domain locally show an intense dolomitization. Dolomitized bodies, irregularly shaped and variable in size from some metres to hundreds of metres, are associated with tabular bodies of dolomite‐cemented breccias, cutting the bedding at a high angle, and networks of dolomite veins. Field and petrographic observations indicate that dolomitization was a polyphase process, in which episodes of hydrofracturing and host‐rock dissolution, related to episodic expulsion of overpressured fluids through faults and fracture systems, were associated with phases of host‐rock dolomitization and void cementation. Fluid inclusion analysis indicates that dolomitizing fluids were relatively hot (170 to 260°C). The case study represents an outstanding example of a fossil hydrothermal system, which significantly contributes to the knowledge of such dolomitization systems in continental margin settings. The unusually favourable stratigraphic framework allows precise constraint of the timing of dolomitization (earliest Cretaceous) and, consequently, direct evaluation of the burial setting of dolomitization which, for the upper part of the dolomitized succession, was very shallow or even close to the surface. The described large‐scale hydrothermal system was probably related to deep‐rooted faults, and provides indirect evidence of a significant earliest Cretaceous fault activity in this part of the Alpine Tethys European palaeomargin.     

建南地区飞仙关组三段白云岩分布与成因--基于三维地震、岩石学和地球化学综合分析

建南地区飞三段是现今研究区重要的产气层,储层类型主要为致密颗粒灰岩和细晶白云岩,然而,相对优质储层均发育于白云岩中。因此,对飞三段白云岩分布规律的研究是预测优质储层的基础。本研究基于录井、测井、岩芯和三维地震等资料,在构建单井白云石含量曲线的基础上,利用多属性转换分析建立三维地震属性与白云石含量曲线的关系,反演白云石含量在平面和剖面上的分布,结合岩石学、地球化学和沉积相对白云岩化流体的性质与来源进行了分析。建南地区飞三段白云岩以细晶、平面自形-半自形为主,非平面它形晶少量分布。阴极发光下白云石为暗红色,无或少量环带状结构。利用多属性转换方法建立地震属性与白云石含量的关系,当选取5个地震属性组合时对白云石含量的预测最佳,预测误差为9%。五个属性分别为 Amplitude Weighted Frequency、Amplitude Weighted Cosine Phase、Derivative Instantaneous Amplitude、Quadrature Trace 和 Integrate。将预测的白云岩分布与沉积相叠合显示白云岩主要分布于台内洼地的两侧,向台地内部规模和厚度逐渐减小。综合地球化学数据和白云岩的分布特征说明,白云岩化流体主要来源于台内洼地的泥灰岩和泥晶灰岩的压实海源流体。随埋深的加大,洼地沉积物中的富Mg流体优先侧向运移至洼地两侧的孔隙性颗粒滩中并发生白云岩化作用。因此,洼地边缘颗粒滩是优质白云岩储层的有利勘探区。