Study of thermal migration and induced mechanical effects in double U-tube energy piles

This paper investigates two geothermal energy piles using thermal response tests (TRTs). A set of parameters including pile wall temperature, ground temperature and strain are monitored at four different depths. The thermally induced mechanical behavior of the energy piles are then analyzed based on the monitoring data.The results show the following: (1) The temperature at the pile wall clearly varies throughout the heating and cooling cycle, and the ground temperature distribution shows a delay compared to the TRT stages. (2) The thermally induced mechanical effects are influenced by both the temperature and restraint conditions.     

基于水文地质条件分析的岩溶水源地保护区划分

以邢台百泉岩溶水系统为例,分析了邢台百泉岩溶水系统的地下水流场受人类活动影响的演变特征,并采用数值模拟法预测了超采条件下水源地未来十年流场的变化。首次发现了泉域矿山疏排水形成了“沙河人工分水岭”并迅速北移的现象,标志百泉泉域地下水资源恶化严重,提出了在复杂岩溶水文地质条件下,采用以计算流程的方法划分保护区造成保护区浪费和碳酸盐岩裸露补给区没有保护的问题。在兼顾水质保护和水资源量可持续利用的前提下,分析了水源地上覆地层的防护能力和碳酸盐岩裸露补给区矿山疏排水对水源地的影响,将碳酸盐岩裸露补给区划分为二级保护区,突破了传统的“二级保护区包裹一级保护区”的模式,以较小的保护区面积有效地保证水源地的水质安全和可持续利用。      

淮河干流航道(安徽段)整治工程地质灾害危险性评估初步研究

通过对淮河干流航道(安徽段)整治工程建设用地及周边地区气象、水文、地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造及区域稳定性等水文地质、工程地质、环境地质背景条件的分析,对建设用地进行现状、预测、综合分区评估,并提出有效的防治地质灾害措施与建议。减少因不合理工程活动引发或工程本身遭受的地质灾害给建设工程造成的损失,达到防灾减灾的目的。     

Genesis and evolution of high-pCO2 groundwaters of the Mukhen spa (Russian Far East)

We present the chemical and isotope compositions of the water and gas phases of the unique Mukhen cold high-pCO₂ spa. Estimated 5¹⁸O, 5D, and 5¹³C_tic values and data on geology and hydrogeology of the studied area indicate that the source of the groundwaters is meteoric waters, whereas carbon dioxide is of deep genesis and numerous regional faults are gas-feeding channels. Calculations of equilibrium reactions in the water-rock system show that the upper-aquifer waters (HCO₃-Ca-Mg) with low TDS are undersaturated with carbonate minerals, montmorillonites, and aluminosilicates but are oversaturated with kaolinite, whereas the lower-aquifer waters (HCO3-Na) with high TDS are oversaturated with calcite, dolomite, and clay minerals but are undersaturated with main aluminosilicates. We propose a new concept of the formation of these groundwaters, demonstrating that long interaction between rocks and groundwaters in the presence of CO₂ and considerable precipitation of secondary minerals are responsible for the high TDS of the lower-aquifer waters (up to 14 g/L) and their geochemical type (HCO₃-Na) and unusual isotope composition (5¹⁸O = -25.2%c, 5D = -69.0%c).     

重庆地区下古生界页岩气聚集条件及有利区预测*

重庆地区是中国页岩气勘探开发取得突破的地区,页岩气赋存层位主要为下古生界上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组有机质泥页岩。依据露头、钻井岩心及测井资料,利用沉积学、有机地球化学等方法,分析研究区泥页岩沉积学特征与岩石学特征、页岩气聚集条件,并预测区内页岩气有利区。结果表明,区内暗色泥页岩厚度大,分布广,总有机碳含量大于2%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,热演化程度处于高成熟—过成熟阶段,说明该区泥页岩具有很好的生烃潜力;区内页岩气层上覆厚层泥页岩与下伏岩层灰岩对页岩气具有较好的保存效果;泥页岩含气量较高,平均为1.39,cm³/t。采用综合信息叠合法,可预测研究区页岩气发育有利区位于城口—巫溪一带与石柱—涪陵—武隆—彭水—南川—綦江一带。     

地理国情监测与事业转型升级

地理国情监测是测绘地理信息部门履行职责、服务经济社会发展和生态文明建设的一项新的重要任务。近年来,党中央、国务院高度重视地理国情监测工作,作出了一系列重大决策部署,推动地理国情监测工作取得明显进展,地理国情监测服务经济社会发展和生态文明建设的巨大价值和重要作用凸显。地理国情监测已成为测绘地理信息服务国家改革发展大局的主攻方向、测绘地理信息领域供给侧结构性改革的关键突破口、推进测绘地理信息事业转型升级的重要途径。     

山东省无棣县地热资源回灌技术条件初探

通过对无棣地区地热资源地质条件进行分析,结合实施的回灌试验,从回灌结果、回灌热储条件、回灌设备等方面进行综合分析,并对回灌可行性进行了研究,认为无棣地区进行地热资源回灌技术可行,为今后该区地热资源回灌提供了技术服务。     

Estimation of temporal variation in splash detachment in two Japanese cypress plantations of contrasting age

To elucidate splash erosion processes under natural rainfall conditions, temporal variations in splash detachment were observed using a piezoelectric saltation sensor (H11B; Sensit Co., Portland, ND, USA). Preliminary laboratory tests of Sensit suggested that they were suitable for field observations. Field observations were conducted between July and September 2006 in 21‐ and 36‐year‐old Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) plantations with mean stand heights of 9·2 m and 17·4 m, respectively. Splash detachment (in g m^?2) was measured seven times using splash cups, and raindrop kinetic energy (in J m^?2 mm^?1) in both stands was measured using laser drop‐sizing (LD) gauges. Sensit was installed to record saltation counts, which were converted to temporal data of splash detachment (splash rate; in g m^?2 10 min^?1) using the relationship between splash detachment and saltation counts. Surface runoff was monitored using runoff plots of 0·5 m width and 2·0 m length to obtain temporal data of flow depth (in millimeters). Both total splash detachment and raindrop kinetic energy were larger in the older stand. Increased splash rates per unit throughfall were found in both stands after rainless durations longer than approximately one day in both stands. However, a lower splash rate was found in the 21‐year stand after rainfall events. During extreme rainstorms, the 21‐year stand showed a low runoff rate and a decline in the splash rate, while the 36‐year stand showed a higher splash rate and increased flow depth. The piezoelectric sensor proved to be a useful means to elucidate splash erosion processes in field conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A comparison of two physics-based numerical models for simulating surface water–groundwater interactions

Problems in hydrology and water management that involve both surface water and groundwater are best addressed with simulation models that can represent the interactions between these two flow regimes. In the current generation of coupled models, a variety of approaches is used to resolve surface–subsurface interactions and other key processes such as surface flow propagation. In this study we compare two physics-based numerical models that use a 3D Richards equation representation of subsurface flow. In one model, surface flow is represented by a fully 2D kinematic approximation to the Saint–Venant equations with a sheet flow conceptualization. In the second model, surface routing is performed via a quasi-2D diffusive formulation and surface runoff follows a rill flow conceptualization. The coupling between the land surface and the subsurface is handled via an explicit exchange term resolved by continuity principles in the first model (a fully-coupled approach) and by special treatment of atmospheric boundary conditions in the second (a sequential approach). Despite the significant differences in formulation between the two models, we found them to be in good agreement for the simulation experiments conducted. In these numerical tests, on a sloping plane and a tilted V-catchment, we examined saturation excess and infiltration excess runoff production under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions, the dynamics of the return flow process, the differences in hydrologic response under rill flow and sheet flow parameterizations, and the effects of factors such as grid discretization, time step size, and slope angle. Low sensitivity to vertical discretization and time step size was found for the two models under saturation excess and homogeneous conditions. Larger sensitivity and differences in response were observed under infiltration excess and heterogeneous conditions, due to the different coupling approaches and spatial discretization schemes used in the two models. For these cases, the sensitivity to vertical and temporal resolution was greatest for processes such as reinfiltration and ponding, although the differences between the hydrographs of the two models decreased as mesh and step size were progressively refined. In return flow behavior, the models are in general agreement, with the largest discrepancies, during the recession phase, attributable to the different parameterizations of diffusion in the surface water propagation schemes. Our results also show that under equivalent parameterizations, the rill and sheet flow conceptualizations used in the two models produce very similar responses in terms of hydrograph shape and flow depth distribution.     

福建皇山铅锌多金属矿地质特征及成矿标志

文章介绍了福建皇山铅锌矿矿区地层、构造和岩浆岩,通过对矿体地质特征的描述、岩浆岩化学成分组成特征及成矿条件分析,提出矿区找矿标志。