Research on China’s high-grade highway design index of asphalt pavement with granular base

Based on the 2006 Chinese asphalt pavement deflection value design index, we used KENLAYER Pavement Analysis and Design software and 1stOpt statistical analysis software to carry on the nonlinear regression, this paper establish high-grade highway design equations for the compressive strain of soil sub-base top (CSSBT) and the radial compressive stress of semi-rigid base top (RCSRBT). The correlation coefficients inspection standard to get precise proof, which means that our granular base design equations have high credibility and can be used in the Chinese design index of asphalt pavement with granular base (APGB).     

Pure shear to simple shear-dominated transpression during the Eburnean major D2 deformation,Daléma sedimentary basin,eastern Senegal

Field studies in the Palaeoproterozoïc Daléma basin, Kédougou-Kéniéba Inlier, reveal that the main tectonic feature comprises alternating large shear zones relatively well-separated by weakly deformed surrounding rock domains. Analysis of the various structures in relation to this major D₂ phase of Eburnean deformation indicates partitioning of sinistral transpressive deformation between domains of dominant transcurrent and dominant compressive deformation. Foliation is mostly oblique to subvertical and trending 0–30° N, but locally is subhorizontal in some thrust-motion shear zones. Foliation planes of shear zones contain a superimposed subhorizontal stretching lineation which in places cross-cuts a steeply plunging stretching lineation which is clearly expressed in the metasedimentary rocks of weakly deformed surrounding domains. In the weakly deformed domains, the subhorizontal lineation is absent, whereas the oblique to subvertical lineation is more fully developed. Finite strain analyses of samples from surrounding both weakly deformed and shearing domains, using finite strain ratio and the Fry method, indicate flattened ellipsoid fabrics. However, the orientation of the long axis (X) of the finite strain ellipsoid is horizontal in the shear zones and oblique within the weakly deformed domains. Exceptionally, samples from some thrust zones indicate a finite strain ellipsoid in triaxial constriction fabrics with a subhorizontal long axis (X). In addition, the analysis of the strain orientation starting from semi-ductile and brittle structures indicates that a WNE–ESE (130° N to 110° N) orientation of strain shortening axis occurred during the Eburnean D₂ deformation.     

综合找矿方法在河台金矿找矿预测中的应用

河台金矿是一个典型的与韧性剪切带有关的金矿床,也是目前粤西、桂东南已发现的最大的金矿床。为了给深边部的找矿提供科学依据,本文应用伽马能谱、地电化学及数值模拟产生的体积应变异常带对本区进行了找矿预测实验研究。伽马能谱K异常带指示了本区糜棱岩化及热液蚀变过程中引起的钾化蚀变作用,金矿体与糜棱岩化带主要分布在K异常带中;地电化学异常带可能代表了本区不同深度矿体在地表的垂直投影;体积应变异常带及其附近有利于发展为本区的含矿糜棱岩化带。在同一构造成矿体系中,根据相似类比原则,表明以上三种方法在本区进行找矿预测可行。综合以上三种方法,圈定了3个可能的含矿带,建议对其进行验证。     

米仓山构造带的应变与涡度分析

米仓山构造带东西向的断裂逆冲兼左旋走滑,西段的韧性变形较强,东段脆性为主。北东向三个主断裂带由北而南逆冲兼左行剪切,早期可能发生脆韧性变形,后期叠加了脆性变形。前震旦系基底岩系变形特征主要表现为透入性流变,碎斑结构和糜棱结构发育,镶嵌构造、S-C组构、带状构造、眼球构造为主,局部偶见"δ"和"σ"旋转碎斑以及矿物鱼。石英颗粒以亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶为主。显微特征反映岩石变形温度相当于绿片岩相。利用Fry法测定石英颗粒三维应变应变强度集中在1.35～1.60之间,显示出从北到南逐渐增强的趋势。Flinn指数K和Nadei-Hossack图解均表明应变类型为近似平面应变的拉长型。运动学涡度分析表明米仓山应变以简单剪切变形作用为主,具有由南向北递增趋势。     

The parent material of Sydney laterites

The petrography of laterites in the Sydney district shows that source rocks range from shales—in which quartz grains are not common and average about 0.03 mm in diameter—to sandstones, with generally abundant quartz grains which may average up to 0.5 mm in diameter. Ferricretes or iron‐cemented duricrusts occur in rocks with coarser quartz grains, such as the Tertiary river gravels of the Maroota area. The porosity and permeability of these rocks have considerably influenced the nature and profiles of the laterites. Two possible sources of sesquioxides in the laterites appear to be the Wianamatta Shale and, perhaps more importantly, basic igneous rocks.     

模拟岩石应变软化变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型研究

建立可以模拟岩石应力-应变全过程的本构模型一直是岩土工程中研究的热点之一.首先,在深入探讨应变软化类岩石受力变形全过程每个阶段特征的基础上,并针对Lemaitre应变等价性理论的不足之处,基于更合理的假定建立了能够反映应变软化类岩石体积变化以及峰后出现残余强度的新型损伤模型;然后,通过引入统计损伤理论并考虑损伤阈值对岩石变形过程的影响,建立了能够模拟应变软化类岩石受力变形全过程的统计损伤本构模型,该模型还可以反映岩石的体积变化以及初始孔隙率对其变形过程的影响;最后,通过理论计算与试验结果及他人模型的对比分析,表明了该模型的合理性与可行性.     

The Ligurian Units of Western Tuscany (Northern Apennines): insight on the influence of pre-existing weakness zones during ocean closure

Most of the tectonic units cropping out in Western Tuscany are fragments of the Jurassic oceanic crust, ophiolitic successions, overlaid diachronously by Upper Cretaceous-middle Eocene carbonate and siliciclastic flysch successions with their Cenomanian-lower Eocene shalycalcareous basal complexes. These units, so called Ligurian, have been emplaced during the closure of the Ligurian-Piedmont Ocean. Ophiolite bearing debris flows are common in the flysch basins and their relationship with ophiolitic tectonic slices points to a strong relation between tectonics and sedimentation from the early compressive events of the Late Cretaceous. The tectonic activity reflects in a rough morphology of the ocean floor. It progressively influences the distribution and sedimentology of the turbidites. During middle Eocene this relationship begun very important and a paleogeographic reconstruction with prominent linear ophiolitic reliefs that bounded some turbiditic basins can be done. In our reconstruction the sedimentary and structural evolution can be framed in the context of strain partitioning, developed during the ocean closure, between subduction processes and ancient weakness zones crosscutting both the ocean and the Adria continental margin and reactivated in compressive regime. These weakness zones can be interpreted as transform faults of the Ligurian-Piedmont Ocean with prolongations in the Adria passive margin.

The weakness zones crosscut the oceanic lithosphere and the Adria continental margin and interfered with the subduction processes. The activity of the weakness zones is reflected in the Ligurian Units architecture where two main structural strike trends of thrusts and folds axial planes occur. The first trend is WSW-ENE oriented and it is connected with the reactivation of the weaknesses zones. This first orientation developed progressively from Late Cretaceous to Pliocene, from oceanic to ensialic convergence (D1, D2, and D4 deformation phases). The second trend is NNE-SSW oriented and is related to the late Eocene continental collision and the subsequent translation to the NE of the oceanic units onto the Adria continental margin (D3 deformation phase).     

气压对徐州地区三套体应变仪不同影响原因的分析

通过对徐州地区现有的3台体应变仪不同程度受到气压影响的资料进行对比分析,发现其中2个台的体应变资料受气压影响大,分析出现这种情况的主要原因可能是仪器探头与钻孔耦合得不好造成的。为了减少气压对观测资料的干扰,就需要在仪器下井时做好仪器耦合的基础工作,否则仪器产出的数据将会影响观测资料的使用,受气压严重干扰的资料甚至会误导我们对地震前兆异常的分析和判定。     

Spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity and bulk density along a blanket peatland hillslope

This article presents the results of a field investigation of saturated hydraulic conductivity K_sat and bulk density (ρ_bd) in an Atlantic blanket bog in the southwest of Ireland. Starting at a peatland stream and moving along an uphill transect toward the peatland interior, ρ_bd and K_sat were examined at regular intervals. Saturated horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kh_sat) and vertical (Kv_sat) was estimated at two depths: 10–20 and 30–40 cm below the peat surface, whereas ρ_bd was estimated for the full profile. We consider two separate zones, one a riparian zone extending 10 m from the stream and a second zone in the bog interior. We found that the K_sat was higher (~10^–5 m s^–1) in the bog interior than that in the riparian zone (~10^–6 m s^–1), whereas the converse applied to bulk density, with lowest density (~0.055 g cm^–3) at the interior and highest (~0.11 g cm^–3) at the riparian zone. In general, we found Kh_sat to be approximately twice the Kv_sat. These results support the idea that the lower K_sat at the margins control the hydrology of blanket peatlands. It is therefore important that the spatial variation of these two key properties be accommodated in hydrological models if the correct rainfall runoff characteristics are to be correctly modelled. Stream flow analysis over 3 years at the peatland catchment outlet showed that the stream runoff was composed of 8% base flow and 92% flood flow, suggesting that this blanket peatland is a source rather than a sink for floodwaters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

利用应变场和基线变化率研究新疆南天山地区近期地壳运动特征

利用GPS数据研究南天山地区地壳运动特征,截取了该区域2005 ～ 2009年GPS数据,在统一框架下进行解算,并绘制出不同时段的主应变、剪应变以及基线变化速率等图像,研究表明该区域的地壳形变具有自西向东、自南向北减弱的特点,主压应变主要表现为受印度板块向北推挤而形成的近南北向压性应力场.2005～2009年基线变化速率表明,以喀什沿经线南北向为界,其东部区域基本上为压缩区,其西部区域基本上为拉张区,东部的基线缩短平均速率(4.84 mm/a)大于西部基线伸长的平均速率(3.06 mm/a),以喀什沿纬线东西向为界,其南部区域基线变化平均速率(5.58 mm/a)明显高于北部区域基线变化平均速率(3.52 mm/a),且伸长、压缩变化速率最大基线均在南部地区,说明南部区域受到塔里木块体和青藏高原挤压比较强烈,表明喀什南部区域地壳运动相对活跃.