四川荣县MS4.7、MS4.3、MS4.9地震房屋震害特征和人员伤亡分析

根据四川荣县M_S4.7、M_S4.3、M_S4.9地震现场灾害调查资料,分析房屋震害特征和人员伤亡情况,结果表明震区房屋破坏类型主要为砖混结构、砖木结构和土木结构,其中砖木结构和土木结构受损比较严重,人员伤亡主要由房屋损坏导致;造成此现象的原因主要是该地区房屋建造年代久远,房屋结构不合理、抗震性能差,短时间地震频发造成震害累积,再加上民众防震减灾意识薄弱等。     

汉中地区农村房屋抗震性能调查分析研究

整理并分析汉中地区的地震背景、地震动参数和地质灾害,调查区域内地震动参数有差异的9类样本行政镇的931栋典型农村房屋,研究典型农村房屋的结构类型、抗震概念设计和建造场地等因素对房屋抗震性能的影响。结果表明:汉中地区地质构造复杂,深大断裂发育,94.7%的区域为灾害易发区,存在4个地震烈度异常区;农村既有房屋结构类型有土木结构、砖木结构、砖混结构和框架结构,其中砖木结构和砖混结构是主要的抗震结构类型,框架结构是新型抗震结构类型;区域内农村房屋的建造场地条件危险性大并且抗震概念设计不足,房屋震害严重,村民的工程地质和地震地质等相关知识匮乏。该研究可为村镇房屋的防震减灾工作提供参考。     

模块化外框内箱结构抗震性能分析

基于《集装箱模块化组合房屋技术规程》中的要求,为提高模块化集装箱建筑的抗震性能,增加房屋的使用高度,提出了一种外框内箱结构,其由外框柱、外框梁和模块化集装箱拼装组成。为验证外框内箱结构的抗震性能,对六层传统集装箱结构和外框内箱结构进行了数值仿真分析,对比分析两种结构的层间位移角和构件应力分布等。结果表明:外框内箱结构竖向刚度分布均匀,受力更加合理,传力更加明确,能有效地减小内部集装箱构件内力,其能更好的实现结构"强柱弱梁和强节点"需求,提高结构的安全性和可靠性。     

不同设防标准RC框架结构基于易损性分析的抗震性能评估

借助非线性动力时程分析,对严格按照规范Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ度设计的5个三跨6层钢筋混凝土框架结构开展易损性分析,建立了基于峰值加速度的易损性曲线。从易损性的角度对不同设防标准RC框架结构的抗震性能做了定量评价,并探讨了设防标准对RC框架结构易损性的影响。分析表明,对应于设防小震、中震及大震水平的峰值加速度,结构“小震不坏”、“中震可修”和“大震不倒”的失效概率均在18%以内,可认为结构满足三水准的性态控制目标。随着结构设防标准的提高,其易损性随之降低,相同峰值加速度对应的各个破坏状态的超越概率均有所降低。此外,将框架结构的设防烈度提高1度,其“大震不倒”的失效概率会明显减小。而将框架结构的设防烈度降低1度,其“大震不倒”的失效概率会显著增加,最高可达4倍。     

Yield frequency spectra and seismic design of code‐compatible RC structures: an illustrative example

The seismic design of an eight‐story reinforced concrete space frame building is undertaken using a yield frequency spectra (YFS) performance‐based approach. YFS offer a visual representation of the entire range of a system's performance in terms of the mean annual frequency (MAF) of exceeding arbitrary global ductility or displacement levels versus the base shear strength. As such, the YFS framework can establish the required base shear and corresponding first‐mode period to satisfy arbitrary performance objectives for any structure that may be approximated by a single‐degree‐of‐freedom system with given yield displacement and capacity curve shape. For the eight‐story case study building, deformation checking is the governing limit state. A conventional code‐based design was performed using seismic intensities tied to the desired MAF for safety checking. Then, the YFS‐based approach was employed to redesign the resulting structure working backwards from the desired MAF of response (rather than intensity) to estimate an appropriate value of seismic intensity for use within a typical engineering design process. For this high‐seismicity and high‐importance midrise building, a stiffer system with higher base shear strength was thus derived. Moreover, performance assessment via incremental dynamic analysis showed that while the code‐design did not meet the required performance objective, the YFS‐based redesign needed only pushover analysis results to offer a near‐optimal design outcome. The rapid convergence of the method in a single design/analysis iteration emphasized its efficiency and practicability as a design aid for practical application. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aftershock collapse fragility curves for non‐ductile RC buildings: a scenario‐based assessment

Recent studies have addressed the computation of fragility curves for mainshock (MS)‐damaged buildings. However, aftershock (AS) fragilities are generally conditioned on a range of potential post‐MS damage states that are simulated via static or dynamic analyses performed on an intact building. Moreover, there are very few cases where the behavior of non‐ductile reinforced concrete buildings is analyzed. This paper presents an evaluation of AS collapse fragility conditioned on various return periods of MSs, allowing for the rapid assessment of post‐earthquake safety variations based solely on the intensity of the damaging earthquake event. A refined multi‐degree‐of‐freedom model of a seven‐storey non‐ductile building, which includes brittle failure simulations and the evaluation of a system level collapse, is adopted. Aftershock fragilities are obtained by performing an incremental dynamic analysis for a number of MS–AS ground motion sequences and a variety of MS intensities. The AS fragilities show that the probability of collapse significantly increases for higher return periods for the MS. However, this result is mainly ascribable to collapses occurred during MSs. When collapse cases that occur during a MS are not considered in the assessment of AS collapse probability, a smaller shift in the fragility curves is observed as the MS intensity increases. This result is justified considering the type of model and collapse modes introduced, which strongly depend on the brittle behavior of columns failing in shear or due to axial loads. The analysis of damage that is due to MSs when varying the return period confirms this observation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态预控系统

震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态控制比其他阶段更具有变动性,需要高精度和高灵活性的预控系统的运用才能保证工程造价不出现偏差。在此文中,设计震后建筑群修复施工阶段工程造价动态预控系统。相关人员可在用户登录模块进入系统界面,在系统的工程信息管理模块中,采用改进遗传算法构建震后建筑群修复工程造价模型,完成震后建筑群修复工程造价动态预控系统的设计。实验结果验证,本文所设计的基于改进遗传算法的造价动态预控系统能够有效实现震后建筑群修复施工阶段的工程造价动态预控,伴随造价样本数目的增多,误差率会逐渐降低,预控性能较好;且预控灵活性始终大于95%,使用局限性仅有0.04,实用性较高,能够为震后建筑修复施工部门的工程造价控制给予借鉴。     

点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估模型研究

地震对建筑结构的损伤轻则影响建筑完整性,重则导致建筑崩塌。近几年,地震损伤评估问题得到地震工程研究领域的高度重视,但对点支式玻璃建筑结构的损伤评估研究较少。为此,构建一种点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估模型。采用基于HHT变换的结构损伤部位识别方法判断地震中点支式玻璃建筑损伤部位,建立点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估多元联系数模型,评估点支式玻璃建筑损伤部位的损伤情况。结果表明,该评估模型对某地区点支式玻璃建筑结构地震损伤评估情况与实际结果一致,且该模型可控性较强,评估范围全面,评估效率明显优于其他评估模型,应用价值较高。     

基于振动法的建筑墙体装饰抗震裂综合设计研究

为了解决传统建筑墙体装饰抗震裂设计方法中存在稳定性较差、强度折减系数较低的问题,提出了一种基于振动法的建筑墙体装饰抗震裂综合设计方法。分析建筑墙体结构,构建面向数据提取的建筑墙体结构对象模型,根据建筑墙体装饰抗震裂设防的具体要求,以建筑底部框架抗震墙结构为基础,制定出墙体装饰抗震加固设计基本方法。结合具体施工方法,综合考虑了底部框架抗震墙结构的刚度、强度以及延性的影响,实现了建筑墙体装饰的抗震裂设计。实验结果显示,该方法的稳定性比传统方法提高2%,且在不同密度条件下,最大应力和强度折减系数均远大于对比方法,充分说明了加固后能够保证建筑墙体装饰具有较好的抗震裂能力。     

顾及多特征约束的建筑物组合化简方法

建筑物是大比例尺地图中的重要要素,其自动化简是制图综合领域的重要研究内容。针对当前化简方法仅侧重于某一方面的问题,本文提出一种顾及多特征约束的建筑物组合化简方法。首先,对建筑物进行冗余点删除、尖角去除等预处理操作;然后根据化简阈值筛选出需要化简的短边,并对其局部结构进行自动分类识别;然后,充分考虑建筑物的位置、面积、方向和形状等特征约束的影响,针对不同的结构类型采用不同的化简操作,在化简的过程中采用阈值逐渐增大的渐进式确定方法,直到满足化简要求为止;最后,从多个特征角度对化简结果进行评估,对不合理的化简实体进行调整修改。以OpenStreetMap数据为例进行实验,并与其它化简方法进行对比,实验结果表明,本文所提的方法可以有效保持建筑物的面积、形状、直角等基本特征,可以实现建筑物的自动连续化简,具备一定的通用性。