Laboratory tests of steel simple torsionally unbalanced models

The objective of this work is to obtain estimations of the amplification factors α and δ used for torsion design of buildings, from experiments. For this study, simple one‐storey torsionally unbalanced (TU) steel models were considered. Models consisted of a deck supported on four columns with a selected arrangement of hinges at column ends. Two theoretical structural eccentricities (e = 0.05 and 0.15) were considered. Models were excited with a simple long‐period pendulum consisting of a hanging platform with a forced‐vibration generator on it. Eight models were tested at several excitation levels (frequencies and force magnitudes) in both ranges of behaviour: elastic and inelastic. Experiments were conducted at three frequency ratios of excitation. Registered accelerations of the pendulum platform indicate that the experimental set‐up leads to excitations that resemble narrow‐band seismic ground motions. Frame shear force estimations, based on accelerations recorded at both deck sides, indicate that torsion design factors (α and δ) depend on eccentricity. Estimations of frame shears based on measurements indicate that for normalized eccentricities e ? 0.025, the amplification α can be between 2 and 3; while δ factor resulted between 0.0 and 1.6. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

淤泥质地层地铁隧道施工地表沉降预测及分析

南京地铁珠江路站-鼓楼站区间,穿越软~流塑状淤泥质粉质粘土地层和众多地面建筑物及密集地下管线。软~流塑状淤泥质地层压缩性高、强度低、易产生蠕动,围岩无自稳能力。在施工中采用大管棚+小导管超前预注浆+掌子面注浆隧道预支护方案及台阶法开挖与钢架、网、喷混凝土支护的综合措施。为了科学决策、安全施工,根据实际工况进行计算模拟、预测地表沉降,进行施工量测,实现了安全顺利施工,建筑物完好无损。     

考虑结构抗力因素的建筑物地震保险纯费率厘定方法

利用震害期望损失率方法对考虑结构抗力因素的建筑物地震保险纯费率的厘定方法作了分析,并采用该厘定方法得到了两个工程实例的砖结构、钢筋混凝土结构的建筑物地震保险的纯费率.     

高应变动力试桩法在大桩检测中的应用效果

通过实例表明高应变动力试桩法在高层建筑大桩检测中取得令人满意的应用效果.     

Optimal maintenance strategies for structures in seismic zones

In this paper an approach is developed for establishing optimal maintenance (repair) strategies of structures in seismic zones. The approach is based on expected future costs and the main decision variable is a damage threshold for repair given an acceptable reliability level. It is considered that structural damage accumulates over a number of earthquakes until a threshold is reached or exceeded, after which the structure is repaired so that there is no remaining damage. A Markov model is implemented for such a process of damage accumulation during future earthquakes. An algorithm is proposed for computing non‐linear structural response to earthquakes using a damage function model. This algorithm is used to evaluate transition probabilities between damage states based on simulations of future earthquakes of given intensities. Expressions are derived for evaluating expected life‐cycle damage costs and structural reliability as a function of time and of the damage threshold for repair. As an application, a single‐degree‐of‐freedom structural system is studied. In addition, the paper addresses the case of instrumented structures where information from earthquake response records is available. Such information is incorporated into the formulation for maintenance strategies by means of a Bayesian approach for updating the probability distribution of structural damage and of non‐linear behaviour parameters so that predictions about costs and reliability are improved. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多层建筑抗震分析用的两个计算机程序

提供两个高效而实用的FORTRAN程序（例行子程序形式）,用于对称三对角矩阵的两个计算问题（其一是线性代数方程组的求解,其二是广义特征值问题的计算）。在工程应用中,它们可用于多层建筑的振动特性分析、反应谱法地震变形计算、Pushover静力推覆分析和时程法地震反应分析等问题中。     

等位移理论估计高层建筑结构非弹性地震反应的进一步研究

为进一步研究用等位移理论估计高层建筑结构非弹性地震反应,选用五个钢筋混凝土高层结构实例,输入二十条不同场地条件的地震波,采用结构弹性和非弹性地震时程反应分析方法,研究了结构弹性和非弹性最大顶点位移以及最大层间位移角之间的关系。提出可以直接用弹性最大顶点位移估计非弹性最大顶点位移。对于非弹性层间位移角反应,在中、弱非线陛阶段宜可直接用弹性反应结果估计,而在强非线性阶段则需进行一定修正。     

细腰复杂截面高层建筑抗震性能分析

使用PMCAD软件,通过某模型工程对细腰复杂截面高层建筑结构的抗震性能进行了分析.结果显示细腰的程度越大,结构整体抗震性能越差.认为细腰平面做为组合平面的一种,在所列三项及三项以上不规则高层建筑做为其中一项进行控制,而不单独做为一项进行控制较为合理.     

Deriving vulnerability curves using Italian earthquake damage data

The concerted effort to collect earthquake damage data in Italy over the past 30 years has led to the development of an extensive database from which vulnerability predictions for the Italian building stock can be derived. A methodology to derive empirical vulnerability curves with the aforementioned data is presented herein and the resulting curves have been directly compared with mechanics-based vulnerability curves. However, it has been found that a valid comparison between the empirical and analytical vulnerability curves is not possible mainly due to a number of shortcomings in the database of surveyed buildings. A detailed discussion of the difficulties in deriving vulnerability curves from the current observed damage database is thus also presented.     

安徽省农村民居地震安全的问题剖析与对策研究

阐述了目前安徽省农村民居地震安全工作中存在的主要问题,分析了产生这些问题的原因．从不同角度提出了对策措施。