基于Google Earth遥感影像的城市建筑物高度反演

基于光学遥感影像中建筑物的阴影分布,推导了建筑物高度与阴影分布的关系函数,在此基础上构建了建筑物高度反演方法,并在北京市典型区进行了实例研究。结果表明：利用建筑物在夏季的阴影全长或在冬季可视部分的阴影长提取高度,分别有90.9%和84.8%的建筑物高度误差控制在实测值的5%以内;在提取居民区或高层建筑物的高度时应尽量采用夏季的遥感影像,减少阴影遮挡的情况;低矮建筑物的高度提取,宜采用阴影更为显著的冬季影像可视阴影部分进行反演计算;在缺乏卫星轨道等影像参数时,利用典型已知建筑的高度反推出相关参数,并推求同景影像中其他建筑物高度的方法是可行的,为利用城市代表性建筑物推求建筑群高度提供了可能。     

高空间分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法综述

高空间分辨率光学遥感影像中建筑物的提取对城市空间数据库的更新、城市动态监测以及建设"智慧城市"等方面具有极其重要的意义。本文首先介绍了高空间分辨率遥感影像中建筑物的特点,然后介绍了基于高空间分辨率遥感影像中建筑物自动提取的四种主要方法,即多尺度分割提取方法;基于边缘和角点检测与匹配的提取方法;基于区域分割的提取方法和基于数学工具;新理论以及多种方法结合的提取方法,分析讨论了各种方法的研究进展以及各方法的优缺点,同时对建筑物提取研究中需要解决的问题和研究趋势进行了总结。最后对高空间分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取研究前景进行了展望,认为可以从多源或多时相数据、边缘检测以及阴影辅助作用等方面提取建筑物,提高建筑物提取精度和高分遥感影像的利用率。     

Dynamic response of road pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space to a moving traffic load

This paper is dedicated to study the dynamic response of a thin‐plate resting on a layered poroelastic half‐space under a moving traffic load. Based on the dynamic poroelastic theory of Biot, the general solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic foundation are obtained by Fourier translation. By using the transmission and reflection matrices method in the frequency domain, the equivalent stiffness of the layered poroelastic half‐space is presented. Kirchhoff's hypotheses are applied to obtain the vertical displacement of the thin plate. By using the inverse Fourier transform, the time domain solution is obtained. As an example of three layers, the influences of the load velocity, the material properties of poroelastic layers, and the flexural rigidity of the plate on the response of the pavement system are examined. Analyses show that a soft intermediate layer results in the significant increase of vertical displacement of road pavement. Comparison with the existing work validates the present model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On Fröhlich's solution for Boussinesq's problem

The concentration factor introduced by O. K. Fröhlich is visualized as a procedure for examining the pattern of load transfer from surface loads to the interior of a geomaterial. The historical details that led to the introduction of the concentration factor are scant although it is widely used in the area of soil mechanics problems associated with tillage‐induced soil compaction. The purpose of this note is to examine the concentration factor in terms of the geomechanics of an elastic continuum and to identify the precise conditions that are satisfied by the distribution of stresses and strains that accommodate the concentration factor. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地铁行车荷载作用下饱和软粘土的变形特性研究

在现场实测数据基础上,对上海地铁2号线隧道周围饱和软粘土试样进行循环加载试验,对地铁振动荷载下的饱和软粘土的变形特性进行分析研究。试验结果表明在地铁振动荷载开始作用以后,隧道侧壁饱和软粘土的先发生微量的竖向回弹变形,在地铁运营后一段时间内隧道侧壁土体不会产生较大变形,但随着运营时间的推移,仍会产生可观的不均匀沉降;地铁隧道底部的饱和软粘土竖向变形回弹阶段非常短暂,而后立即进入塑性变形阶段,并产生较大的竖向变形,其变形量是隧道侧壁处饱和软粘土变形的近30倍。试验结果对地铁轴线变形和地铁线路附近地面沉降的预测评价和灾害防治等具重要的参考价值。     

复杂地质条件下高层建筑岩石地基承载力取值的探讨

结合一个典型的工程实例,综合分析和比较了室内岩土试验和原位试验结果对岩石地基承载力设计取值的影响。提出在复杂地质条件下按室内岩土试验的结果比按经验取值偏低,以原位试验的试验结果确定地基承载力更为科学、合理。通过原位试验确定地基承载力和变形模量,用原位试验的变形模量计算建筑物的沉降,并与实测值进行比较,两者结果非常一致。     

利用旁压试验参数确定地基土承载力和模量

本文通过对工程勘察工作中所做的一些旁压试验与载荷试验资料进行对比分析，总结出利用旁压试验参数来确定地基土承载力和模量的方法。     

Analysis of piles subjected to lateral soil movements using a three‐dimensional displacement approach

An analytical approach using the three‐dimensional displacement of a soil is investigated to provide analytical solutions of the horizontal response of a circular pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil. The lateral stiffness coefficient of the pile shaft in nonhomogeneous soil is derived from the rocking stiffness coefficient that is obtained from the analytical solution, taking into account the three‐dimensional displacement represented in terms of scalar potentials in the elastic three‐dimensional analysis. The relationship between horizontal displacement, rotation, moment, and shear force of a pile subjected to lateral soil movements in nonhomogeneous soil is obtainable in the form of the recurrence equation. For the relationship between the lateral pressure and the horizontal displacement, it is assumed that the behavior is linear elastic up to lateral soil yield, and the lateral pressure is constant under the lateral soil yield. The interaction factors between piles subjected to both lateral load and moment are calculated, taking into account the lateral soil movement. The formulation of the lateral displacement and rotation of the pile base subjected to lateral loads in nonhomogeneous soils is presented by taking into account the Mindlin equation and the equivalent thickness for soil layers in the equivalent elastic method. For lateral movement, lateral pressure, bending moment, and interaction factors, there are small differences between results obtained from the 1‐D and the 3‐D displacement methods except a very flexible pile. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

杭州市地质灾害危险性分析--以杭州华星科技大楼建设用地为例

旨在对杭州市地质灾害危险性进行分析，以杭州华星科技大楼建设用地地质灾害分析为例。首先．在研究杭州市市区地质灾害调查资料的基础上，通过对杭州市地质构造特征、区域稳定性、水文地质条件、地形地貌、地层岩性、工程地质特征及历史地质灾害的分析，结合该工程建设的规模和特点，对该建设用地范围内潜在地质灾害(不均匀沉降)危险性，采用等代墩基法来定量计算其沉降，计算结果为SW角点处沉降量最小(0．2605m)，SE角点处沉降量最大(0．4130m)，根据建筑桩基规范知两相邻柱桩允许沉降量为：0．003 l0，(l0取65m)，经计算得出，该辅楼的最大不均匀沉降差值仍在允许的范围内；地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶地面塌陷等其它地质灾害采用定性方法分析。最后，在此基础上得出结论：杭州华星科技大楼建设用地遭受地质灾害危险性小，作为高层建筑用地适宜。     

昆明高层建筑强震观测记录HHT分析

对一种最新的数据分析方法——HHT分析作了简介。利用这一方法对昆明高层建筑的强震观测资料进行了处理,所得结果全面详细地反映了结构振动的时间、频率及振幅变化的三维特征。