印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼的触腕和腕足钓捕断裂强度

鱿鱼的腕足断裂强度是影响鱿钓脱钩率的重要因素。通过现场实测，分析了印度洋西北部海域鸢乌贼（Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis）的腕足断裂强度对手钓作业脱钩率产生的影响。结果表明，鸢乌贼的每根触腕仅能承受的拉力相当于体重的0．7倍，因此，钓捕过程中，因触腕断裂造成的脱钩率接近100％；而另外的第Ⅰ一Ⅳ腕足的断裂强度分别是其体重的2．30、2．05、2．06和1．87倍；5对腕足整体的平均脱钩率接近10％。     

On the 2001 Splitting of the Nucleus of 51P/Harrington

The nucleus of 51P/Harrington suffered a majorsplitting event in Autumn 2001discovered by amateur José Manteca.The light curve and separation of thefragments is examined based on data fromthe observers collaborating in the Spanishlanguage ``Cometas_Obs' mailing list, includinga number of pre-announcement observations. Thereis some uncertainty in the epoch of the initiationof the split. Some evidence favours an earlierinitiation than September 2001.     

73p/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3 – One Orbit after Break-Up: Search for Fragments

We report on our search campaign for the fragments of the Jupiter family cometand target of NASA's CONTOUR mission, Comet 3P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3, one orbit revolution after the splitting of its nucleus in 1995 (Boehnhardt et al., 1995). Fragment C was found back with coma in November 1999 at 4 AU inbound and it continued to be active during the perihelion arc until at least December 2001 when we observed it last at 3.3 AU outbound. Fragment B was observed with coma between July and September 2001 when moving outbound from 2.35 to 2.75 AU. The search for other fragments including A, D (Boehnhardt et al., 1995) and E (Kodata et al., 2000a, b; Nakamura et al., 2000) in a search area of 15 × 4 arcmin starting at fragment C along direction of the extended radius vector was not successful in July and September 2001. The limiting magnitude of this search of ∼ 25 mag in R puts an upper limit on the radius of potential fragments of about 200 m (assuming albedo 0.04). The orbit deceleration parameter and the observed coma brightness of component C suggest that this object is the primary fragment that may contain a major part of the original nucleus.     

韩城矿区北区破坏煤特征及影响因素分析

本文以陕西韩城矿区北区钻孔和井下大量的实际观测资料为依据，提出了破坏煤分类的方案。在此基础上，总结了该区破坏煤的发育和分布规律，探讨了影响该区破坏煤发育的主要地质因素。     

双孕镶金刚石钻头跟套管连续钻进机构设计及模拟分析

跟管钻进技术是解决复杂地层钻进的有效方法之一,针对跟管钻进过程中内外管环空间隙卡阻、钻具受力复杂、能耗大和套管连续下入深度有限、深孔干热岩花岗岩在热应力作用下破碎卡钻等技术难题,本文创新设计了一种双孕镶金刚石钻头跟套管连续钻进机构。理论分析表明：双钻头同心回转钻进岩屑小,避免内外管卡阻,极大地改善了钻具的受力状态,降低了钻具发生断裂的风险;内钻头通过齿轮啮合方式带动外钻头独立回转,相较于常规跟套管钻进能量消耗降低29.29%;外钻头采用高胎体交替式结构,有效避免了钻井液局部循环现象的发生,从而提高了套管连续下入的深度。该机构设计为跟套管钻进技术提供了一种新思路。     

浅层气区地质岩心钻探技术综合研究与应用

核电发展需要稳定的铀资源供应,在我国北方油气盆地开展砂岩型铀矿战略选区和调查评价,需要对主要异常和重点地区进行取心钻探工程验证。但钻进地层极松散破碎,取心率低;浅层气发育,井控要求高;大直径扩孔,井斜和携岩困难;极寒冬季施工及环保要求高。通过研究和探索,形成了一套浅层气区极松散破碎地层的绿色综合钻探技术体系及工艺方法,包括单管锥阀取心、环保高粘低失水泥浆、远程井控、钻铤及导向钻具分级扩孔等,为北方砂岩型铀矿找矿突破和资源能源安全保障提供技术支撑,具有示范与推广作用。     

冲击回转碎岩机理探讨

地下岩体中,天然地存在有许多微观裂纹与节理。在冲击回转的联合作用下,冲击使近钻头的岩石发生裂纹断裂、破碎,形成破碎小坑;使远离钻头的岩石中的微观裂纹扩展、连通、甚至断裂。在离钻头更远区域,使岩石产生新的微观裂纹。回转使冲击产生的破碎小坑沿圆周方向扩大,并使钻头上的金刚石颗粒换位。在回转冲击的联合作用下,岩石中的裂纹不断产生、扩展、断裂,从而达到高速碎岩的目的。     

河南舞阳铁矿深孔钻进工艺实践

通过深孔钻进实例,阐述了舞阳铁矿深孔钻进施工工艺及钻探事故的预防与处理技术措施,对类似矿种深孔钻进有一定的借鉴作用。     

软弱砂岩骨料碾压混凝土的配制及其特性研究

在东南亚和我国西南地区由于缺乏合适的原材料,必须采用软弱骨料配制混凝土。以东南亚某工程现场的软弱砂岩为原材料,开展碾压混凝土配制和性能试验工作,探讨了该骨料配制碾压混凝土的可行性。采用软化系数为0.71的软弱砂岩,配制强度等级分别为C18020的二级配碾压混凝土和C1807.5的三级配碾压混凝土。结果表明,采用该砂岩骨料可以配制出满足强度要求的碾压混凝土,其用水量比常规骨料高15~20 kg/m3,拌和物密度和抗压弹模较低。其中,二级配碾压混凝土采用50%粉煤灰掺量、0.55水胶比;三级配碾压混凝土采用60%粉煤灰掺量、0.65水胶比。骨料抗碾压破碎模拟试验表明该骨料在碾压过程中破坏程度很低,说明采用该软弱骨料配制碾压混凝土具有可行性。     

Pelagic microplastics around an archipelago of the Equatorial Atlantic

Plastic marine debris is presently widely recognised as an important environmental pollutant. Such debris is reported in every habitat of the oceans, from urban tourist beaches to remote islands and from the ocean surface to submarine canyons, and is found buried and deposited on sandy and cobble beaches. Plastic marine debris varies from micrometres to several metres in length and is potentially ingested by animals of every level of the marine food web. Here, we show that synthetic polymers are present in subsurface plankton samples around Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. To explain the distribution of microplastics around the Archipelago, we proposed a generalised linear model (GLM) that suggests the existence of an outward gradient of mean plastic-particle densities. Plastic items can be autochthonous or transported over large oceanic distances. One probable source is the small but persistent fishing fleet using the area.