开辟矿山第二产业,发展绿色循环经济

本文阐述了开发利用尾矿生产建筑用砖,替代传统粘土砖的重要意义和可行性。开发利用尾矿,有利于矿山环境治理,促进循环经济利用、保护耕地,还能减少地质灾害的形成。在为老矿山开辟新出路的同时,还增加了就业机会。     

既有铁路曲线整正平差算法

在研究铁路线形特点和曲线整正原则的基础上,探讨以既有铁路线实测坐标为观测值,运用最小二乘平差方法进行曲线整正计算的方法.首先讨论铁路曲线平差的数学模型,然后给出曲线整正平差算法中拨距量计算的有关算式并对两则算例进行分析.结果表明这种平差算法不仅能够满足曲线整正计算的各项原则和技术要求,而且计算方便,精度高于传统方法.     

深埋隧洞力学响应监测与测试设计的思考

深埋隧洞工程越来越多,但相关工程经验积累不足,设计和计算方法远未成熟,深埋隧洞工程设计和施工安全控制需要大量现场监测和测试数据的支撑,而现有的监测和测试设计方法均针对浅埋工程的特点提出,在深埋隧洞施工过程中应用时遭遇到极大挑战。为此,首先依据现场揭露现象和多种先进观测技术获得的成果,分析了深埋硬岩隧洞施工期围岩的开挖力学响应特征和运行期衬砌的力学响应特征,剖析了现今主流观测方法存在的问题,提出了6条关于深埋隧洞典型断面监测和测试设计的建议,为促进此类工程相关设计方法的完善提供参考。     

复合式衬砌结构中衬砌分担围岩压力比例的研究

复合式衬砌结构中衬砌分担围岩压力的评价方法是隧道工程技术的重要研究课题之一。依托某新建铁路隧道工程,提出了一种基于监测位移反分析评价围岩和支护应力,进而计算初期支护和衬砌背后压力的方法。根据监测位移和衬砌施作时间,确定初期支护的已发生变形和剩余变形。通过有限元反分析求出与已发生变形和剩余变形相对应的围岩和支护应力,得到初期支护和衬砌背后压力。对比初期支护背后压力及衬砌背后压力的现场监测和反分析的计算结果,两者比较一致,说明了该方法的可行性。该新建隧道初期支护闭合95 d后施作衬砌,计算得到衬砌背后压力约0.04～0.06 MPa,衬砌分担围岩压力比例约13%～16%。研究成果对复合式衬砌结构的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

Numerical simulation of dynamic response around shield tunnel in the soft soil area

When a subway train moves through a tunnel, vibrations are generated and transmitted to soils around the tunnel and adjacent structures. Subway train operation has an impact on the shield tunnel lining and the soils around tunnel, especially soft soils that are mostly marine sediments having poor engineering properties. An elastoplastic dynamic finite difference model was built by considering the hysteretic behavior of these marine soft soils and the interaction between the soils and the tunnel to study their dynamic response. Elastic and plastic constitutive models were adopted for tunnel lining and soft soils, respectively. Hysteretic damping was obtained with the Hardin–Drnevich model to reflect the hysteretic behavior of soil under the dynamic load. There are two peaks of the cumulative vertical displacement within 2?s of train moving and it reaches a dynamic balance after 2?s. The soil layers below the shield tunnel are under the compression and the soil layers above the tunnel are in the extrusion state, and turn to uplift. Maximum bending moment and shear forces of lining vary and appear at different places. A parametric study indicates that the speed of train and the interface have an impact on the dynamic behavior of soft soils.     

不同烈度区农村自建砖砌体房屋震害特征研究

农村自建砖砌体房屋通常没有正规的设计和施工导致该类房屋抗震性能较差。文中以汶川8.0级地震为例,在不同烈度区选择具有代表性地区的农村自建砖砌体房屋为研究对象,分析了该类型房屋不同烈度区的震害特征。通过使用数量化术语的震害描述,对在不同烈度区的农村自建砖砌体房屋的墙体、楼板屋盖、附属结构的破坏进行了震害分析,得到了地震作用下仅考虑结构振动破坏时该类型房屋的破坏特征。最后也给出了降低农村自建砖砌体房屋震害的一些建议。     

Tests on cyclic behavior of reinforced concrete frames with brick infill

This paper reports the results of cyclic loading tests performed on four specimens consisting of reinforced concrete frames with brick infill walls. The brick infill is pre‐laid, followed by the cast in‐place RC columns and beams. Test parameters include the height‐to‐length ratio of the brick infill wall and the mortar compressive strength. Test results reveal that the in‐plane lateral strength of brick infill wall is related to the fracture path. The fracture path for brick infill walls with large height‐to‐length ratios includes bed joints, cross joints, and vertical splitting of bricks. As a result, the lateral strength of this type of brick infill wall is larger. In comparison, the fracture path for brick infill walls with small height‐to‐length ratios only passes through joints, which is the reason why they have lower lateral strength. Mortar with higher strength improves the lateral strength of brick infill wall. In addition to presenting experimental observations in detail, this paper compares the test results with those obtained from existing methods for assessment of seismic resistance. Comments and recommendations are offered with respect to the capabilities of the assessment methods in predicting stiffness, strength, and ultimate deformation capacity of brick infill walls. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑接头力学特性的盾构隧道衬砌结构计算方法研究

基于盾构隧道衬砌结构接头的构造特征,建立了接头的力学模型,将接头位置管片间的相互作用离散为一系列由剪切弹簧和法向弹簧组成的组合弹簧,根据得到的节点弹簧应力或法向位移在计算过程中动态调整弹簧刚度参数,将接头模型应用到衬砌结构计算中。该方法可以综合考虑衬砌结构的横向和纵向结构性能,计算管片和接头的内力与变形以及接缝的张开量。采用上海长江隧道衬砌结构整环试验结果对计算模型进行了验证,结果表明该模型能比较合理地模拟衬砌结构的变形特性。     

水底隧道饱水地层衬砌作用荷载研究

与山岭隧道所不同,采用矿山法修建水底隧道,二次衬砌将承受很大外水压力,特别是穿越饱水破碎地层时,具有很大的施工风险。以厦门翔安海底隧道为工程背景,针对F4风化深槽地层,研究不同水位条件下,衬砌荷载与排放流量及排放方式之间相关关系。研究得出：当控制排放量为全排条件流量1/3左右时,可卸掉80%外水压力;从环境和经济角度考虑,可将出现拐点折减系数0.2作为水底隧道限量排放的设计基准值;从支护结构体系组成考虑,对于F4强风化深槽破碎围岩,必须施作注浆圈,才可以保证在水压、土压共同作用下衬砌结构安全,结果显示施作注浆圈能够减少衬砌作用荷载30%～40%,提高安全系数几乎一倍;从主体结构受力特征看,水底隧道最不利受力位置在墙脚和仰拱,因此,无论是防水型还是排水型隧道,均应对仰拱形式及支护参数加强设计。     

Twin lintel belt in steel for seismic strengthening of brick masonry buildings

A single-room, single-storey full-scale brick masonry building with precast RC roofing system was tested thric eunder displacement controlled lateral cyclic loading, to assess the effectiveness of the basic repair and seismic strengthening techniques. Initially, the virgin building specimen was loaded laterally to failure, In the second stage, the damaged building was repaired by stitching across the cracks, and tested under the same lateral loading. In the third stage, the twice-damaged structure was repaired once more by stitching and strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel and vertical corner reinforcement,and re-tested. The building strengthened by twin lintel belt in steel showed about 28% higher strength under lateral loading than the virgin building.