Blast-resistant Analysis for a Tunnel Passing Beneath Taipei Shongsan Airport–a Parametric Study

This paper covers the blast-resistant analysis for a tunnel passing beneath Taipei Shongsan airport. It briefly discusses the overall analysis process to obtain the maximum lining thrust caused by a bomb explosion for use in the structural lining design. Because there have not been any established common standards or practices governing the design of such a structure, a series of parametric studies have been carried out in order to evaluate the significance and sensitivity of several parameters on the lining thrust. The parameters evaluated are: intensity of blast loading, size of crater, dynamic undrained shear strength, dynamic Young’s modulus, and soil-damping ratio. It was concluded that a designer should adopt dynamic soil parameters, obtained from good ground investigation and soil testing, as favorable dynamic soil properties can result in a more economical analysis. For parameters (e.g. bomb type) that are beyond the control of the designer, an additional protective layer over the tunnel structure may be considered in order to minimize the impact of the explosion, instead of designing a more costly rigid structure.     

地质雷达探测工程的几个问题

地质雷达（GPR）探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用，并取得较好的应用效果。文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨。     

Analysis of F, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mg concentrations in brick teas from main producing areas in China

Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg.     

矿山尾矿资源化与整体综合利用

针对陕南地区矿山企业堆存的大量尾矿及其中的各种元素的含量,利用国内先进的技术和低成本的选矿工艺,使尾矿中锌和铅得到了进一步的回收。其次,把尾矿作为复合矿物原料,发展高效深加工技术,完成了尾矿制砖的试验研究,取得了阶段性的成果。     

广西资源红辉沸石性能开发与应用试验的研究

阐述了广西资源红辉沸石矿的地质特征及该产地红辉沸石的物理性质、化学成分及其差热-热重分析特征。根据该产地红辉沸石的性能,试图开发其在高强建筑材料中的应用。在粘土中加入不同比例该产地红辉沸石后,经高温烧结所形成的固体材料的各种物理性质,如密度、表观密度、孔隙度、吸水率等有所降低,而力学性质如抗压强度、抗折强度等则增大。经过反复试验对比,获得了红辉沸石的添加量对烧成材料性质的影响规律。     

Reflection on the problems in mechanical response monitoring and testing design of deep tunnels

Nowadays the number of deep tunnels is greatly increased. Since there are lacking successful numerical methods and experiences from relevant engineering construction and design of deep tunnels, massive on-site monitoring and testing should be conducted to support the design and safety control. The present monitoring and testing design methods are proposed according to the characteristics of shallow underground engineering. However, when they are introduced into the deep tunnels, great challenges are encountered. In this study, the failure of surrounding rock mass in the field was presented and then the deformation and failure responses of surrounding rock mass were obtained during excavation by various advanced observation techniques. Based on the acquired information, this study analyzed the mechanical response characteristics of surrounding rock mass during excavation and lining at the operating period. Then we discussed the problems arising from the application of current modern monitoring methods. Six suggestions were put forward relating to the monitoring and testing design of the representative section in the deep tunnel. This study can provide helpful guidance to improve the design methods in similar projects.     

衡阳盆地北缘国庆矿区土壤地球化学特征及找矿方向

对国庆矿区开展了1∶10000地质简测,在了解矿区地质特征的基础上进行了1∶10000土壤地球化学测量工作。Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag、W、Mo7种微量元素含量特征(变异系数、富集系数和浓集比率)显示,Cu、Au、W元素为区内成矿有利元素。运用统计学软件SPSS19对7种微量元素含量值进行R型聚类分析和R型因子分析,划分出Cu-Pb-Ag和Au-Mo两组主成矿元素组合。采用衬度异常法对成矿有利元素和两组主成矿元素组合进行处理成图,共圈定了2个异常靶区。经过地表工程和深部工程验证,确定了一条一定规模的工业铜矿体。     

Analyses of Seepage Problems in a Subsea Tunnel Considering Effects of Grouting and Lining Structure

Analytical solutions for water inflow and water pressure based on steady-state water inflow into a circular subsea tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer are deduced depending on the rock permeability, drainage at the lining, and grouting parameters. Based on the parameters of the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay subsea tunnel, the differences between the proposed solutions and three previous methods are analyzed. Comparisons of the results of different methods verify the validity of the proposed analytical solutions and manifest the superiorities of the proposed solutions in reflecting the effects of grouting and lining structure on the seepage problems in a subsea tunnel. Discussion of the lining structure is also made and we conclude that “block-based and limited drainage” should be the design principle of lining structures. Finally, the method of identifying the most rational and economical grouting parameters is presented.     

废弃砖瓦窑厂土地复垦及其生态学原理

废弃砖瓦窑厂土地复垦技术包括工程复垦和生物复垦,在具体实施复垦方案时,要遵循生态学原理。工程复垦阶段,除了使被破坏土地恢复到可供利用的物理状态,还要考虑改善生态环境和生物多样性;生物复垦阶段,要按照生物与环境协同进化原理、生态结构稳定性与功能协调性等原理,采用施肥法、绿肥法、微生物法、管理法恢复土壤肥力与生物生产能力。淮安市淮安区范集镇大花村在废弃砖瓦窑厂土地复垦项目中,依据生态学理论,因地制宜,采取适宜的方案进行土地复垦,实现了生态环境的良性循环及土地资源的可持续利用。     

侧部水压充填型岩溶隧道衬砌结构位移性状分析

以宜万铁路某岩溶隧道为例,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D对隧道左侧部存在高压充水溶洞的隧道衬砌结构位移特征进行了数值模拟研究,并与现场监测结果进行了比较分析,同时还分析了溶洞内水压的变化以及充水溶洞与隧道间距的变化对隧道衬砌结构位移的影响。结果表明:靠近充水溶洞侧的衬砌结构水平位移值要比远离充水溶洞侧的衬砌结构水平位移值要大,其中左边墙的水平位移是右边墙的2倍左右;拱顶和左拱肩之间的区域有较大的向下竖向位移,左墙脚和仰拱底之间的区域有较大的向上竖向位移;整个衬砌结构向远离充水溶洞侧变形。随着溶洞内水压逐渐增大以及充水溶洞与隧道间距离的逐渐减小,衬砌结构特征位置处的水平位移和竖向位移均有不同程度的增大;沿着隧道的轴向,断面越靠近充水溶洞其受影响程度就越大。