深埋海底隧洞内水压力下饱和土的动力特性

将衬砌分别视为多孔柔性材料和弹性介质,在频率域内研究内水压力作用下饱和分数导数黏弹性土-深埋圆形隧洞多孔柔性或弹性衬砌系统的耦合简谐振动。土体的宏观力学特性采用多孔介质理论来模拟。通过引入与土体体积分数相关的应力系数,利用衬砌和土体界面处位移连续,分别得到饱和黏弹性土和衬砌的位移、应力和孔隙水压力等的解析表达式。在此基础上,分析了多孔柔性衬砌和弹性衬砌结构的差异,并考察了应力系数、渗透系数、分数阶导数本构参数等对系统动力响应的影响,结果表明:多孔柔性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应明显大于弹性衬砌材料条件下系统的动力响应;随着分数导数阶数和材料参数比的增加,系统共振效应明显减弱;衬砌边界透水和不透水只是反映边界渗透性的两种极限状态。     

芦山7.0级地震单层砖柱排架厂房震害特征及抗震分析

单层砖柱排架厂房是我国中小企业生产用房的主要形式,目前此类结构仍广泛存在于经济欠发达的地区。历次地震震害资料表明,单层砖柱排架厂房在地震中比较容易损坏。本文通过对芦山地震中单层砖柱排架厂房的震害现场调查,总结了单层砖柱排架厂房的震害特征并分析其破坏原因;统计了几次地震中单层砖柱排架厂房的震害资料,给出了修正的未设防单层砖柱排架厂房地震易损性矩阵;最后,采用了逐步回归法,柱顶位移角法及模糊震害指数法分别对单层砖柱排架厂房进行震害预测,并将各种方法的震害预测结果与实际震害情况进行了对比分析。本文研究对认识该类结构的易损性、震害机理和抗震薄弱部位,指导抗震加固有着重要意义。     

Analytical approach for circular-jointed shield tunnel lining based on the state space method

This paper presents a new analytical solution to the circular segmental tunnel lining subjected to overburden and surrounding earth pressures. The governing equations are derived by adopting the curved Euler beam theory and the principle of minimum potential energy. Based on the state space method, the displacements and the relevant energy-conjugated internal forces are treated as the fundamental unknown state vector and can be obtained by solving the state function. The inter-segment joints on the lining are modeled by a set of linear springs, including shear, compression, and rotation. The presented method allows for the arbitrary distribution of the segmented joints and loads along the circumferential direction. The most striking advantages of the proposed method include the rigid body displacement treatment, lining-displacement-dependent soil reaction, and internal force direction dependency of the joint stiffness. Using this method, the displacements and internal forces of the entire lining can be obtained conveniently and simultaneously under the arbitrary loading and joint distribution conditions. The verification of the analytical solutions is provided by several examples.     

特厚表土层钢板混凝土复合井壁竖向承载力试验研究

通过模型试验和理论分析,对特厚表土层双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁的竖向受力特性进行了研究。首先,根据相似理论,进行了双层钢板高强混凝土复合井壁结构的模型设计和试件加工;然后,通过加载试验,得到了井壁结构在竖向荷载和侧压共同作用下的竖向应力、变形和强度特性。结果表明：由于内、外钢板筒的约束作用,井壁结构中的混凝土完全处于三向受压应力状态下,其抗压强度提高了1.73～1.92倍,且井壁破坏时混凝土的竖向极限压应变达到-3.9×10-3,表现出较好的延性特性。通过钢板与混凝土的相互约束,改善了各自的力学特性,使井壁竖向承载力显著提高,远比钢板筒和中间混凝土层的竖向极限承载力之和大,并根据理论分析和试验结果推导出了井壁竖向承载力的计算公式,对理论研究和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。     

免蒸免烧粉煤灰多孔砖墙体抗震性能试验研究

免蒸压免烧结粉煤灰多孔砖是一种新型承重墙体材料。本文通过三片墙体低周反复荷载试验,系统研究了粉煤灰多孔砖墙体的力学性能和抗震性能,包括墙体的破坏特征、滞回曲线、刚度、延性、骨架曲线及受剪承载力等。试验结果表明,免蒸压免烧结粉煤灰多孔砖墙体的破坏形态与普通黏土砖墙体相似,主要呈剪切破坏;墙体具有较高的受剪承载力、延性和耗能能力,适宜在地震区村镇建筑中推广应用。     

三维激光扫描技术在米仓山特长隧道施工中的可行性应用研究

巴陕高速米仓山特长隧道为我国目前在建最长公路隧道,全长约13.8km。利用三维激光扫描技术高速率、高精度获取对象表面三维坐标的优势,对米仓山隧道LJ2标段右线施工过程中的超欠挖、二衬厚度、掘进面爆破效果进行了检测,并对开挖断面围岩周边收敛和拱顶下沉进行了变形监测。结果表明,检测段隧道超挖区域比例占到81%,其中超挖0～20cm的占62%,欠挖0～10cm的为14%;二衬厚度选取不同里程、相同位置121个位置进行分析,最大厚度0.662m,最小0.456m,平均厚度0.564m;掘进面爆破深度约为3.048m,爆破方量为254.065m³;K54+030断面围岩周边收敛6d最大收敛变形量为9.5mm,拱顶下沉监测点6d最大变形量为5mm。     

2D numerical investigation of segmental tunnel lining under seismic loading

Segmental tunnel linings are now often used for seismic areas. However, the influence of segment joints on the segmental lining behavior under seismic loading has not been thoroughly considered in the literature. This paper presents a numerical study, which has been performed under seismic circumstance, to investigate the factors that affect segmental tunnel lining behavior. Analyses have been carried out using a two-dimensional finite difference element model. The proposed model allows studying the effect of the rotational joint stiffness, radial stiffness and the axial stiffness of the longitudinal joints. The numerical results show that a segmental lining can perform better than a continuous lining during earthquake. It has been seen that the influence of the joint distribution, the joint rotational stiffness, the joint axial stiffness, Young׳s modulus of the ground surrounding the tunnel, the lateral earth pressure factor and the maximum shear strain should not be neglected. Some important differences of the segmental tunnel lining behavior under static and seismic conditions have been highlighted.     

Seismic response of shallow circular tunnels in two-layered ground

The effect of ground stratification on the seismic response of circular tunnels is investigated, as most practice-oriented studies consider homogeneous ground. A finite element plain-strain model of a circular tunnel cross-section embedded in a two-layered ground is used to highlight the influence of stratification on the tunnel׳s seismic response. The layers interface was placed at the crown, centre and invert level.It is proved that ground stratification has an important role in the lining seismic forces. When the tunnel is fully embedded in one of the layers, the seismic lining forces may vary significantly in comparison with the single-layer case. If the tunnel intercepts both layers, maximum lining forces aggravation occurs when the lower layer is very stiff.     

磁西矿超深井筒原岩地应力研究

介绍了磁西超千米井筒设计和地质条件,展示了井壁受力的实测方案以及依据包神解析公式进行地层原岩应力反演计算的原理。实测结果反演得到了井筒1 208 m深处的水平应力平均估值以及不均匀分布情况,水平应力与垂直应力之比符合自重应力场的规律,侧压力系数估值约为0.256~0.278之间。通过有限元数值模拟,图形化展示了井筒地应力分布,验证了实测反演数据的合理性,同时也反映了岩层剪切模量和构造等地质条件对水平应力不均匀分布的影响规律。结合对该矿区宏观地质构造运动演化和地质力学的定性分析原理,综合地分析了实测结果、解析反演和数值计算之间的一致性,对水平原岩应力Hoek & Brown统计规律的普适性提出了质疑,讨论了现有原岩应力解析计算方法,为采用包神公式进行井壁设计供了参考。     

Back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel considering the degradation of ground and concrete lining

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of the stability of subsea tunnels during operation is very important considering the risks involved with subsea tunnels. Although a large volume of monitoring information can be obtained, back analysis has been performed based on the internal displacement. In this study, the efficiency of an estimation of the safety of an operating subsea tunnel has been improved by implementing the back analysis algorithm based on various monitoring information. The differential evolution algorithm was adopted for back analysis of an operating subsea tunnel. The differential evolution algorithm was improved to accommodate the multiple target variables for back analysis, such as the elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle of the ground, and the time-dependent elastic modulus of concrete lining. In addition, the elastic modulus of the concrete lining and the properties of reinforced ground can be evaluated with the proposed algorithm using a range of monitoring data, such as the internal displacement and stress acting on the lining. In summary, back analysis with a differential evolution algorithm can be used to evaluate the stability of an operating subsea tunnel.