《东北地区1：150万大地构造相图》的编制

东北地区1：150万大地构造相图是2018年出版的一份区域性大地构造图.该图依据不断积累和丰富的基础地质资料,将大地构造理论研究与综合应用汇总和集成,是东北地区科技创新成果和技术方法进步转化应用的重要体现.此次编图以板块构造理论和大陆动力学思维为指导,以多岛洋、弧-盆系发展演化观点为切入点,运用大地构造相分析方法,研究东北地区地壳形成、演化历史,以及大地构造环境及其与成矿作用的时空关系.较系统地阐述了东北地区的岩石构造组合、建造构造与构造演化阶段的宏观背景.     

山西地区太原组腕足动物古生态及其环境特征

长期以来,前人对山西地区太原组腕足动物的研究侧重于描述性工作,而对于古生态特征及其环境背景的研究则重视不够。本文主要分析了该区太原组腕足动物的产状规律、纵横向上分布的变化及其古生态特征,在此基础上,结合岩性特征、沉积构造及部分微量元素的分析等,将太原组划分为5种主要的沉积相。笔者主要讨论了处于封闭、半封闭状态下水体安静,浑浊度高,具有一定淡化作用,以大量发育舌形贝类为特征的近岸浅水海湾或分流间湾泥岩相;位于潮间或潮下带,以富含腕足动物化石为特征的正常浅海碳酸岩相;以及动物化石稀少,但虫管潜穴丰富,以粉细砂岩与泥岩互层的潮坪相。根据上述特征及与邻区的对比,推测本区太原组是在一个巨大的海湾背景条件下形成的一套海陆交互相沉积。     

Early Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism of mafic dykes from the Vestfold Block,east Antarctica

Proterozoic mafic dykes from the southwestern Vestfold Block experienced heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism, characterized by spotted or fractured garnet‐bearing aggregates in garnet‐absent groundmass. The garnet‐absent groundmass typically preserves an ophitic texture composed of lathy plagioclase, intergranular clinopyroxene and Fe–Ti oxides. Garnet‐bearing domains consist mainly of a metamorphic assemblage of garnet, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, hornblende, biotite, plagioclase, K‐feldspar, quartz and Fe–Ti oxides. Chemical compositions and textural relationships suggest that these metamorphic minerals reached local equilibrium in the centre of the garnet‐bearing domains. Pseudosection calculations in the model system NCFMASHTO (Na₂O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–Fe₂O₃) yield P–T estimates of 820–870 °C and 8.4–9.7 kbar. Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon dating reveals that the NW‐ and N‐trending mafic dykes were emplaced at 1764 ± 25 and 1232 ± 12 Ma, respectively, whereas their metamorphic ages cluster between 957 ± 7 and 938 ± 9 Ma. The identification of granulite facies mineral inclusions in metamorphic zircon domains is also consistent with early Neoproterozoic metamorphism. Therefore, the southwestern margin of the Vestfold Block is inferred to have been buried to depths of ~30–35 km beneath the Rayner orogen during the late stage of the late Mesoproterozoic/early Neoproterozoic collision between the Indian craton and east Antarctica (i.e. the Lambert Terrane or the Ruker craton including the Lambert Terrane). The lack of penetrative deformation and intensive fluid–rock interaction in the rigid Vestfold Block prevented the nucleation and growth of garnet and resulted in the heterogeneous granulite facies metamorphism of the mafic dykes.     

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系延长组长7段富有机质页岩岩相特征

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组发育富有机质页岩和泥岩,目前已成为鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油气勘探的重要层位。综合岩心精细描述、薄片微观结构观察和粒度分析结果,将富有机质页岩和泥岩划分为黑色页岩岩相、纹层状泥岩岩相、粉砂质泥岩岩相。粉砂质泥岩岩相的脆性矿物含量高于黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相,后者比前者具有更高的黄铁矿含量,3种岩相的黏土矿物含量较接近。黑色页岩岩相有机质丰度高,有机质类型以I型干酪根为主,是最有利的富有机质岩相类型,其次为纹层状泥岩岩相。长7油层组沉积时期水体为分层的厌氧环境,有利于有机质的保存,低等水生生物是主要的母质来源。黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相形成于安静、缺少陆源碎屑影响的深湖环境下;粉砂质泥岩岩相形成于受陆源碎屑频繁影响的环境,有较多的陆源高等物质输入湖盆中,造成有机质类型复杂。将岩心精细描述和测井信息紧密结合,揭示了各类岩相纵向发育特征。受基准面变化和沉积物供给能力影响,长73以黑色页岩岩相和纹层状泥岩岩相为主,长72和长71以纹层状泥岩岩相和粉砂质泥岩岩相为主。长73暗色泥岩和页岩的岩相类型好,发育页理缝和纹层缝,有机质类型好、丰度高,是最有利的页岩油气勘探目的层系。     

A Fresh Look at the Geobiology & Sedimentary Environments of the Hypersaline Great Salt Lake,USA

正1 Introduction The Great Salt Lake(GSL)is the defining hydrological feature of the Great Basin,North America’s largest desert--and it is the largest waterbody in the western USA.Despite the early(Eardley,1938)recognition of"bioherms,"algal layers,and mats covering hundreds of square km of lake area,these features have not been the     

Quantitative elemental mapping of granulite-facies monazite: Textural insights and implications for petrochronology

Texturally complex monazite grains contained in two granulite-facies pelitic migmatites from southern Baffin Island, Arctic Canada, were mapped by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (using spot sizes ≤5 µm) to quantitatively determine the spatial variation in trace element chemistry (with up to 1,883 analyses per grain). The maps highlight the chemical complexity of monazite grains that have experienced multiple episodes of growth, resorption and chemical modification by dissolution–precipitation during high-grade metamorphism. Following detailed chemical characterization of monazite compositional zones, a related U–Pb data set is re-interpreted, allowing petrologically significant ages to be extracted from a continuum of concordant data. Synthesis of these data with pseudosection modelling of prograde and peak conditions allows for the temporal evolution of monazite trace element chemistry to be placed in the context of the evolving P–T conditions and major phase assemblage. This approach enables a critical evaluation of three commonly used petrochronological indicators: linking Y to garnet abundance, the Eu anomaly to feldspar content and Th/U to anatectic processes. Europium anomalies and Th/U behave in a relatively systematic fashion, suggesting that they are reliable petrochronological witnesses. However, Y systematics are variable, both within domains interpreted to have grown in a single event, between grains interpreted to be part of the same age population, and between samples that experienced similar metamorphic conditions and mineral assemblages. These observations caution against generalized petrological interpretations on the basis of Y content, as it suggests Y concentrations in monazite are controlled by domainal equilibria. The results reveal a c. 45 Myr interval between prograde metamorphism and retrograde melt crystallization in the study area, emphasizing the long-lived nature of heat flow in high-grade metamorphic terranes. Such long timescales of metamorphism would be assisted by the growth, retention and dominance of high-Th suprasolidus monazite, as observed in this study, contributing to the radiogenic heating budget of mid- to lower-crustal environments. Careful characterization of monazite grains suggests that continuum-style U–Pb data sets can be decoded to provide insights into the duration of metamorphic processes.     

泌阳凹陷安棚油田深层系沉积相及对油气分布的控制作用

以安棚油田深层系岩心分析资料及大量测井、录井、生产动态资料为基础，通过各类沉积相标志分析，研究了安棚油田深层系储集层的沉积相类型及沉积相特征，认为该区深层系为近源扇三角洲沉积，并将其划分为上扇、中扇、下扇、扇缘，扇外为半深湖-深湖，并建立了深层系扇三角洲沉积模式。在此基础上，对沉积相与油气分布关系进行分析，结果表明，不同沉积相带物性及含油气性差异明显，中扇物性好，是油气聚集的有利相带；下扇、扇缘等微相相对较差。     

The geobiological formation process of the marine source rocks in the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation of South China

The Chihsia Formation is one of the four sets of regional marine hydrocarbon source rocks from South China.In the past two decades,detailed geochemical and sedimentological studies have been carried out to investigate its origination,which have demonstrated that the high primary productivity plays a primary role in the deposition of sediments enriched in the organic matter.However,the mechanism of this high productivity and the path of the deposition and burial of the organic matter have always been a mystery.Based on the previous studies on the Shangsi Section in Guangyuan City,Sichuan Province,we proposed that the development of the equatorial upwelling due to the sea level rise is responsible for the relatively high productivity in the Chihsia Formation.The sea waters with high nutrient were transported by the sub-surface currents along the equator.High organic carbon flux was deposited on the deeper shelf,and then decomposed by bacteria,leading to the occurrence of anaerobic respiration.The metabolism of the microorganisms consumed the dissolved oxygen in waters,which was in favor of the preservation of the organic matter.This suggested geobiological model integrating with paleoclimatology,paleoceanography and geomicrobiology will help us to understand the causes of this particular sedimentary sequence.     

柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系沉积相与生物气成藏

柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系蕴藏着巨大的生物气资源,目前已探明加控制天然气储量接近3×1011m3。更新世时期,柴达木盆地的湖相沉积主要分布在三湖(吉乃尔湖、涩聂湖和达布逊湖)地区,自山前至盆地中心依次发育了冲积扇、河流三角洲和湖相沉积,其中湖相沉积分布最为广泛。早更新世湖相沉积开始形成,中更新世湖相沉积扩张并且达到鼎盛,晚更新世湖相沉积开始萎缩并形成盐湖沉积。中、早更新世冰川的出现和青藏高原的崛起使柴达木盆地的古气候变得干旱寒冷,沉积水体温度较低,盐度较高。本区第四纪独特的沉积环境是形成大型生物气藏最重要的地质条件。高盐度的水体环境减缓了有机质的降解速度,长期的低温条件抑制了甲烷菌的活动,避免了沉积有机质在沉积浅埋阶段的过量消耗,推迟了生物产气的高峰期。而三湖地区巨厚的第四系暗色泥岩和频繁发育的砂岩提供了充足的气源条件和构成了良好的生储盖组合。     

安徽泾县-南陵地区二叠纪沉积相与沉积环境分析

安徽泾县—南陵地区二叠系较发育,主要由碳酸盐岩、硅质岩和碎屑岩组成。二叠系船山组为浅水碳酸盐台地相;栖霞组底部碎屑岩段是滨海沼泽相,臭灰岩段和上、下富硅质灰岩段是水体较深的斜坡中部相,中部灰岩段是浅水开阔碳酸盐台地相,而顶部灰岩段是缓斜坡上部相;孤峰组和大隆组是缺氧滞流环境下的深水盆地至盆地边缘相;武穴组是碳酸盐台地相,银屏组属于滨海潟湖相;龙潭组是一套海陆交互的三角洲相沉积,包括从三角洲前缘到三角洲平原两个亚相,而泾县昌桥龙潭组顶部发育的生物碎屑灰岩属于开阔碳酸盐台地相。纵观二叠纪有三次大的海侵和两次大的海退旋回,海侵时间分别是:栖霞早期、茅口早期和长兴早期,海退时间分别是:紫松—隆林期末和茅口期末,其中栖霞期还包含两个海侵海退的亚旋回。