黄土高原一次超级单体短时强降水中尺度分析

2012年盛夏陕西绥德县出现短时强降水,4 h雨量超过100 mm。利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料进行诊断分析发现,在陕北东北部对流层中下层有一中α尺度气旋存在,且随高度向东北倾斜,垂直方向上形成次级环流,使强降水区的上升运动加剧。分析地面观测、卫星资料发现,西路冷空气引导干侵入加强层结不稳定性,东路冷空气楔形抬升作用,使得不稳定能量释放;同时,在东西两路干冷空气的夹击作用下,绥德县内形成中气旋,暖湿空气在当地得以聚集上升;2个中β尺度对流云团在东西路风场作用下合并后迅速增强。多普勒雷达资料显示,2个中γ尺度的超级单体回波在绥德先后发展形成列车效应;2个超级单体中的中气旋特征各有不同,是回波结构演变的主要原因。     

河北省丰宁县大草坪钼矿区花岗质岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

大草坪钼矿区侵入体由花岗岩和花岗闪长岩组成,两者呈侵入接触关系,接触带附近石英脉较发育并见钼矿化。花岗岩与花岗闪长岩具有相似的岩石地球化学特征:主量元素特征均显示富含硅、碱质,普遍具有较高的钾含量,主要属钙碱性系列;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式显示LREE相对富集,球粒陨石标准化曲线都一致向右倾斜,曲线之间呈现近于平行的特征,说明两者具有同源性。笔者同时认为,大草坪岩体的成因类型为I型花岗岩,岩浆物质具壳幔混源特征;岩体与矿体具有明显的同源分异特征,可为成矿提供一定物质来源。     

东昆仑夏日哈木镁铁质-超镁铁质岩体岩石成因与拉张型岛弧背景

赋存超大型镍矿床的夏日哈木Ⅰ号岩体位于东昆仑造山带西段之东昆中早古生代岛弧带。锆石U-Pb年龄为439Ma,由分属橄榄岩相、辉石岩相、辉长-苏长岩相的多种岩石类型组成。堆晶结构与堆晶层理发育,属岩床状层状岩体。不平衡结晶作用在岩浆演化过程中居于主导地位。矿物结晶顺序为尖晶石/橄榄石→斜方辉石→单斜辉石→单斜辉石+斜长石→褐色普通角闪石。各种岩石均富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P,显示了岛弧环境岩浆岩的地球化学特征。Nd、Sr同位素组成均属富集型地幔范畴和EMⅡ型趋势。矿区内的Ⅲ号与Ⅳ号岩体属蛇绿岩套,证明在昆中岛弧带内部存在岩石圈破裂带。区域构造格局与演化历史以及区域地球物理场的研究表明,东昆中岛弧带属拉张型岛弧带。据此,可以认定拉张型岛弧环境是全球范围内第五种有利于形成镍矿床的构造环境,中古生代是我国第三个镍矿主成矿期。     

Geochronology, Petrology and Geochemistry of Xingdi No. 3 Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in the Northeastern Tarim Craton, NW China

The Xingdi mafic-ultramafic intrusions occur in the northeastern margin of the Tarim craton. The Xingdi No. 3 intrusion is the smallest of four intrusions, with an exposed area of 1.7 km~2, and the zircon U-Pb age of the intrusion is 752±4 Ma. The intrusion consists of gabbros, pyroxenites and peridotites, and exhibits a crystallization sequence of the main rock-forming minerals as olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Mineralization occurred at or near the boundaries of the intrusion between pyroxenites and peridotites, and appears as a layered or lenticular shape about 500 m long and 4–15 m wide. The primary sulfides have a relatively simple mineralogy dominated by pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite assemblages, which occur as droplet, star-like and graphic texture and locally sideronitic structures. Geochronological and geochemistry investigations suggest that the Xingdi mafic-ultramafic intrusions and coeval volcanic rock in the Kuluktag area of the Tarim craton formed in an intracontinental breakup environment. Based on the composition of the dominant rockforming minerals and covariant relationships of other oxides versus Mg O, the parental magma of the Xingdi No.3 intrusion belongs to high-Mg tholeiitic basaltic magmas with Mg O of 10.78 wt%. The Xingdi No.3 intrusive rocks are characterized by light REE enrichment relative to heavy REE, negative Nb-Ta anomalies, low ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd ratios(from 0.511183 to 0.511793) and high initial ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios(from 0.7051 to 0.7113). The magma was derived from the enriched-lithospheric mantle and was contaminated during emplacement. According to rock assemblages, mineralization, olivine characteristics, geochemical characteristics and mass balance, there are better copper-nickel ore prospects in the Xingdi No.3 intrusion than in the other three intrusions in the area.     

柴达木北缘东段呼德生镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成岩成矿分析

呼德生岩体位于柴北缘造山带欧龙布鲁克微陆块东南缘,侵位于古元古代金水口变质岩群中。该岩体从中心到边缘依次出现橄榄岩→辉石岩→辉长岩的岩相分带特征,岩石主要类型有纯橄岩、橄榄二辉岩和辉长岩,各岩石之间多为过渡接触关系,镍铜矿化主要赋存于辉石岩中。锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为425.2±5.8Ma,为柴北缘晚志留世-晚泥盆世后造山伸展阶段岩浆作用的产物。岩石镁铁比值(m/f)为2.51~5.37,属于铁质系列基性-超基性岩。各类岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(Ba、Sr、Rb),而亏损高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta)。岩相学、矿物学及岩石地球化学研究表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的结晶分异作用和同化混染作用。结合岩体形成年代及区域地质资料,呼德生岩体应形成于大陆边缘伸展阶段,原始岩浆在演化过程中经历了地幔流体的交代作用。通过对岩浆结晶分异程度及同化混染情况等方面的综合评价,认为呼德生岩体具有良好的铜镍硫化物矿床形成条件。     

Mechanical intrusion models and their implications for the possibility of magma-driven swarms in NW Bohemia Region

Earthquake swarms are often assumed to be caused by magmatic or fluid intrusions, where the stress changes in the vicinity of the intrusion control the position, strength and rate of seismicity. Fracture mechanical models of natural intrusions or man-made hydrofractures pose constraints on orientation, magnitude, shape and growing rate of fractures and can be used to estimate stress changes in the vicinity of the intrusions. Although the idea of intrusion-induced seismicity is widely accepted, specific comparisons of seismicity patterns with fracture models of stress changes are rarely done. The goal of the study is to review patterns of intrusion-induced earthquake swarms in comparison to the observations of the swarm in NW Bohemia in 2000. We analyse and discuss the theoretical 3D shape of intrusions under mixed mode loading and apparent buoyancy. The aspect ratio and form of the intrusion is used to constrain parameters of the fluid, the surrounding rock and stress. We conclude that the 2000 NW Bohemia swarm could have been driven by a magmatic intrusion. The intrusion was, however, inclined to the maximal principal stress and caused shear displacement additional to opening. We estimate that the density diference between magma and rock was small. The feeding reservoir was possibly much larger than the area affected from earthquakes and may be a vertical dike beneath the swarm region.     

Transport of oceanic nitrate from the continental shelf to the coastal basin in relation to the path of the Kuroshio

Hydrographic and biogeochemical observations were conducted along the longitudinal section from Ise Bay to the continental margin (southern coast of Japan) to investigate changes according to the Kuroshio path variations during the summer. The strength of the uplift of the cold deep water was influenced by the surface intrusion of the Kuroshio water to the shelf region. When the intrusion of the Kuroshio surface water to the shelf region was weak in 2006, the cold and NO₃⁻-rich shelf water intruded into the bottom layer in the bay from the shelf. This bottom intrusion was intensified by the large river discharge. The nitrogen isotope ratio (δ¹⁵N) of NO₃⁻ (4–5‰) in the bottom bay water was same as that in the deeper NO₃⁻ over the shelf, indicating the supply of new nitrogen to the bay. The warm and NO₃⁻-poor shelf water intruded into the middle layer via the mixing region at the bay mouth when the Kuroshio water distributed in the coastal areas off Ise Bay in 2005. The regenerated NO₃⁻ with isotopically light nitrogen (δ¹⁵N=−1‰) was supplied from the shelf to the bay. This NO₃⁻ is regenerated by the nitrification in the upper layer over the shelf. The contribution rate of regenerated NO₃⁻ over the shelf to the total NO₃⁻ in the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer in the bay was estimated at 56% by a two-source mixing model coupled with the Rayleigh equation.     

Processing and interpretation of the gravity field of the East African Rift: implication for crustal extension

Compilation of new and existing gravity data were undertaken to assess the nature of the crust beneath the East African Rift System. Using 3D gravity modeling code crustal model of gravity profiles across two sectors of the rift were computed. The results are discussed in light of the structure of the rift system.The results of the 3D modeling of gravity profiles across the two rift zones revealed northward thinning of the crust. The maximum crustal attenuation occurs beneath the Afar depression, indicating the Afar rift undergoes an intense fragmentation of the crust resulting from faulting and magmatic activity. However, our computed crustal thickness below the Afar depression falls within an upper bound compared to elsewhere below tectonically active rift zones. This can be explained in terms of crustal accretion resulting from an impact of the Afar mantle plume since 30 Ma ago.The residual gravity obtained using high-cut filtering techniques reveals significant density contrast between the northern and southern sectors of the rift. The northern part of the rift is characterized by regular patterns of positive gravity anomalies, which can be interpreted in terms of a zone of crustal thinning through which relatively dense materials have intruded the overlying crust. In contrast, south of the Main Ethiopian Rift, the anomalies are characterized by random patterns and low amplitudes. The along-rift-axis variation in gravity anomalies implies that the style of crustal deformation changed progressively, beginning with regionally distributed crustal deformation, such as the one we observe within the more juvenile and wider southern segment of the rift, to localized deformation within the active and narrow rift zones of the northern sector of the Ethiopian Rift. We suggest that the key parameters controlling along-rift-axis variation in gravity anomalies are the rate of crustal extension, faulting and magmatic activities.     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗好力宝铜钼矿床地质特征及找矿方向

好力宝铜钼矿床属与燕山期隐伏的隐爆角砾状斜长花岗斑岩和碎裂次石英斑岩有关的热液脉状和斑岩型矿床.铜钼矿体受隐爆角砾岩筒和岩体控制,矿化产在蚀变隐爆角砾岩和硅化带中.今后的找矿方向应侧重于对斜长花岗斑岩与围岩接触带和碎裂次石英斑岩中化探异常和低阻高极化异常地段的探索.     

西藏谢通门县德新铅锌矿地质特征及找矿标志

德新铅锌矿位于西藏自治区谢通门县,地处西藏冈底斯Cu、Mo、Pb、Zn、Au、Fe成矿带中段。矿体主要赋存于岩浆岩与第三系火山岩的接触带,地层、岩浆岩控制了矿体的总体展布方向和空间位置。早期东西向构造对成矿起了导矿作用,晚期近南北向、北西、北东向构造是主要的容矿、储矿构造。属标准的地层、构造、岩浆岩＂三位一体＂的成矿模式。矿床成因可能属火山隐爆角砾岩型。本文提出了区内8条找矿标志。