内蒙哲斯腕足动物群混生类型及古气候变化

根据早二叠世中国腕足动物地理分区和哲斯组腕足动物群中各属在世界的分布,筛选出一些典型冷暖属.据其地层产出特点确定了这个动物群的混生类型,并进一步讨论了哲斯期的古气候变化.     

福建建阳县虞墩剖面二叠纪腕足动物群

通过研究福建省建阳县虞墩剖面所采集的腕足动物化石,共获6属5种,2个未定种,其中Paracrurithyris pygmaea,Tethyochonetes quadrata和Acosarina minuta在虞墩剖面为首次报道。综合化石时代分布和区域对比,将该动物群的时代确定为晚二叠世长兴期,含该动物群的地层为大隆组,而非文笔山组或泉上组。通过对该腕足动物群的古生态分析,并结合该套地层的沉积特征,判断沉积环境为温暖条件下的浅海相。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区中二叠统腕足类动物群的特征和时代

额济纳旗及其邻区中二叠统产丰富的腕足动物群,该动物群具有北方冷水动物和特提斯暖水动物混生的特点,划分为Spiriferella-Kochiproductus-Yakovlevia 组合,称为“哲斯动物群”。在生物古地理分区上,该区为北方生物大区和特提斯生物大区之间的过渡带,称为中蒙生物省。动物群的组成、丰度和分异度等特征在银-额（银根-额济纳旗）盆地的东西部有明显的差异：盆地西部北山地区海水较浅,腕足动物群丰度高,分异度略低,以个体较大、壳体较厚的冷水分子占优势,共生少量的双壳类和珊瑚;东部杭乌拉地区海水略深,腕足动物群丰度稍低,分异度较高,含有大量的小个体腕足,共生冷水型珊瑚和丰富的海百合类,世界广布分子和暖水分子超过一半。说明该腕足动物群在受纬度和温度控制的同时,也受水体深度的影响,在同一海盆的不同环境中表现出不同的特点。通过对该动物群的起源、区域分布特点和共生生物的分析,认为额济纳旗及其邻区的哲斯动物群的时限为罗甸期—孤峰期。     

Roadian–Wordian (Guadalupian, Middle Permian) global palaeobiogeography of brachiopods

A database of 4471 Roadian–Wordian (Guadalupian, Middle Permian) occurrences of 381 brachiopod genera in 44 different operational geographical units (stations) was analyzed by both Q-mode and R-mode quantitative methods. Four distinct brachiopod biogeographical realms and nine provinces, and 11 brachiopod associations are recognized. The Boreal Realm in the Northern Hemisphere includes the Verkolyman Province in the northern and northeastern Siberian Platform and the eastern European Province in the Ural seaway between the European and Siberian platforms. Both provinces are characterized by containing typical Boreal cold-water brachiopod associations. The Gondwanan Realm in the south also includes two provinces. The Austrazean Province in eastern Australia and New Zealand is probably the most stable province throughout the Permian and characterized by typical Gondwanan brachiopod associations. The Westralian Province centered in Western Australia is also characterized by typical Gondwanan brachiopods, but also demonstrates biogeographical links with the Tethyan stations. The Palaeoequatorial Realm located mainly in the palaeotropical zone contains highly diverse and abundant brachiopod faunas. Two regions/subrealms and four provinces are recognized within this realm. The North America Subrealm contains a distinct Grandian Province characterized by many endemic brachiopod genera and a few cold-water genera. East-central Alaska and Yukon Territory may constitute another brachiopod province. All the stations in the Tethyan Ocean (both Palaeotethys and Neotethys) constitute a distinct Asian–Tethyan Region/Subrealm and incorporate three different provinces. The Cathaysian Province is comprised of the stations in South China and its surrounding terranes/blocks and a few stations in the northern and western margin of the Palaeotethys. Two transitional provinces (Sino–Mongolian–Japanese Province and Cimmerian Province) in the northern and southern temperate zones are also recognizable. The brachiopod fauna from the Mino Belt in Japan is well distinguished from those from other regions, and is hence assigned to the palaeoceanic Panthalassan Realm. Principal coordinates analysis and minimum spanning tree analysis suggest that a latitude-related thermal gradient was the major control for the palaeobiogeography of Roadian–Wordian global brachiopod faunas and for the latitudinal of pattern of decreasing brachiopod generic diversities from the equator to the poles. In addition, geographic separation and oceanic currents may also have played some role in the spatial distribution of brachiopods during Roadian–Wordian times.     

腕足动物群落取代与海平面变化——以吐哈盆地南缘雅满苏石炭系西大沟剖面为例

吐哈盆地南缘雅满苏西大沟剖面石炭系含有丰富的腕足动物化石,可划分为8个群落和1个搬运化石集合。个体生态、行为习性、营养结构的分析及岩性、岩相组合特征的研究表明:这些群落的生态位界于BA2和BA3之间,缺乏BA4和BA5较深水群落,说明该区石炭纪海水深度不超过60m。各群落自身演替的主要控制因素是生物之间的相互作用。各群落在时间上相互取代的主要控制因素为海水深度,与该区石炭纪4次明显的海水进退三级旋回密切相关,其中第二旋回的影响最为明显,并形成了白鱼山组顶部的不整合面。控制该区相对海平面变化的主要原因可能是石炭纪发生的4次构造运动,其次是全球海平面变化。     

太原西山七里沟晚古生代腕足动物群落及其古环境意义

太原西山七里沟晚古生代剖面含有丰富的腕足动物化石，共可识别出13个底栖生物群落。个体生态、行为习性、群落结构和岩性、岩相组合特征的研究表明，这些群落的生态位介于BA1-BA3之间。控制腕足动物群落分布和相互取代的最主要因素是相对海平面变化。由于海平面升、降变化的速度、幅度和持续时间的不同，群落之间的这种相互更替既有突变的，也有渐变的，既可以发生在不同的旋回之间，也可以发生在同一个海水进、退旋回内。根据这些底栖生物群落生态位所显示的水深变化和剖面相序结构，该剖面本溪期至山西期共经历了11次海水进、退旋回，其中以庙沟期海侵规模最大，最大估水深10-20m，毛儿沟下灰岩与庙沟灰岩均为这一旋回的产物。     

广西六景中泥盆统民塘组底部的硅化腕足动物化石

笔者系统研究了广西六景中泥盆统民塘组底部的硅化腕足化石,描述了３１个属种,其中新属、新亚属各１个,新种２０个,划分出Ｇｅｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ－Ｐｅｎｔａｍｅｒｅｌａ（下部）动物群和Ｓｔｒｉｎｇｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ－Ｃｈａｎｇｔａｎｅｌａ（上部）两个动物群。着重对Ｇｅｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ－Ｐｅｎｔａｍｅｒｅｌａ动物群的特征与时代进行了讨论,其时代具浓厚的艾菲尔晚期的色彩。该动物群属老世界区的一部分,与美国内华达同期动物群有密切的亲缘关系,同时与欧洲（如德国、捷克以及乌拉尔地区）也有一定相似性,然而从种群而言,它是一个斩新的动物群。提出Ｇｅｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ不是Ｓｕｂｒｅｎｓｅｌ－ｌａｎｄｉａ与Ｓｔｉｎｇｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ之间的中间形态,而是Ｒｅｎｓｅｌａｎｄｉａ与Ｓｔｉｎｇｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ之间的中间形态,很可能Ｇｅｒａｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ就是Ｓｔｉｎｇｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ的先躯,它代表Ｒｅｎｓｓｅｌａｎｄｉａ向Ｓｔｉｎｇｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ演化过程中的一个重要阶段。     

黔南宾夕法尼亚亚纪礁环境中腕足动物古生态研究

黔南地区宾夕法尼亚亚纪逍遥阶礁相地层中腕足动物普遍发育,主要产长身贝类和石燕贝类。本文主要研究该区腕足动物与造礁生物叶状藻和Fomitchevella 珊瑚之间的生态关系。在叶状藻礁内,小个体腕足动物常附着在藻叶上营假漂浮生活; 但藻叶密集处,小个体腕足动物也难见,可能藻丛造成水流循环不畅使腕足动物难以获得充足的食料; 藻叶稀疏处,腕足动物个体加大,数量增加。在大型Fomitchevella 珊瑚格架礁内,腕足动物与Fomitchevella 之间不存在食物上的竞争。腕足动物介壳层为Fomitchevella 幼虫定殖提供了生物成因的硬质基底,在此基础之上发育了大型珊瑚礁。腕足动物在 Fomitchevella 进入统殖阶段由于生态空间受到局限而退居次要地位。     

石炭纪海相碳酸盐岩的锶同位素演化及其意义

本文从马角坝剖面石炭系海相碳酸盐岩和腕足化石的锶同位素变化出发,讨论了锶同位素地层曲线的地质意义,并且指出海相碳酸盐岩和腕足化石的锶同位素组成可作为了解地球构造演化的工具。