高地震区公路隧道地震动力响应分析

基于土一结构相互作用理论,对高地震区一实际重大工程的公路隧道洞口段结构进行了抗震计算,得到了衬砌结构各控制点的位移、加速度及内力响应规律。结果表明：在人工合成地震波条件下,衬砌墙脚、拱腰为抗震薄弱位置;结构的加速度波形与输入波形相似;这些结果为抗震设计提供了一些依据。     

柴达木盆地西南部砂6井第三系沉积相研究

结合前人的研究成果,运用野外地质剖面、测井相标志的研究方法,对柴达木盆地西南第三系沉积相进行了较全面、系统的研究,描述了柴达木盆地砂6井第三系主要发育的三种沉积相及发育的主要类型,指出了研究区内有利于油气生成和储集的沉积相类型。     

追忆李四光对防震减灾的贡献,以系统整体观指导防震应急

笔者在追忆李四光地震科学和防震减灾指导思想的基础上,提出了以系统整体观指导防震应急的新论点,包括:运用地壳运动整体观研究地震规律;应用地震预测整体观进行地震预测;划分活动性构造体系,研究构造活动性;加强综合监测,研究各种地震前兆和相关的自然变异的发展趋势;圈定地震风险区,制定防震应急预案等.并结合中国的实际情况进行了论述.     

Cambrian explosion: Birth of tree of animals

Excluding the sponges the Kingdom Animalia is usually divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta, Protostomia and Deuterostomia. The Cambrian Explosion consists of three major episodes, two of which were in the early Early Cambrian (one represented by the small skeletal fossils “SSFs” at the base of the Cambrian and the other represented by the succeeding Chengjiang faunas “CFs”), and the other episode as their prelude took place in the “Eocambrian” (i.e. the latest Precambrian), represented by the Ediacaran faunas. This unique Big Bang of life has been recognized as giving birth to the entire morphological Tree Of Animals (or metazoans), in short the TOA. Its “seed” in the deep Precambrian, represented by some sort of protist from which the complete TOA must have grown, remains unknown paleontologically. However, the fossil evidence suggests that the three major episodes of the Cambrian Explosion are responsible for the earliest radiations of the three subkingdoms of animals respectively. While the observed Ediacaran fauna might constitute only a small part of the whole Ediacaran biota, our evidence supports that it was dominated by diploblasts (the “trunk” of the TOA) with only a few possible stem-group triploblasts. The Early Cambrian in turn in two phases explosively yielded almost all the major triploblastic crown-branches (Bilateria: the huge “crown” of the TOA), which include the other two subkingdoms: first the extremely diverse protostomes in the Meishucunian Age and then followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes from the Chengjiang, including even its most derived member – the earliest true vertebrates. Among the four most significant milestones of morphological origins and radiations in animal history, the first one (i.e. appearance of metazoans) took place in the Ediacaran Period or earlier times, and the other three can be seen in the windows available from the Chengjiang and the Meishucunian fossil assemblages. The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia, which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division, most probably represents one of the roots of the deuterostome subkingdom. Showing a mosaic of basic features possessed in both the bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms, the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of the roots of the extant pentamerous echinoderms. Standing on the “top” of the deuterostome super-branch in the early Cambrian TOA are the “the first fish” Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys, which bear paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae. These animals represent the real root of the remainder of the vertebrates or craniates. On the contrary, yunnanozoans, including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella, possess neither eyes nor unequivocal vertebrae, and may have nothing to do with the craniates, let alone the vertebrates. Those enigmatic creatures share a similar body-plan with vetulicolians and should be treated as a side-branch within the lower deuterostomes.     

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.     

苏北盆地泰州组砂岩成岩序列和储集层质量主控因素分析?

基于53口井310余块储集层砂岩样品的分析研究,指出泰州组储集层存在着压实(压溶)、胶结和溶蚀等成岩作用,但在不同位置成岩作用的表现有所不同。海安凹陷以胶结和溶蚀作用为主,压实与压溶作用不太明显;高邮凹陷的压实程度较海安凹陷强烈。压实作用使得高邮凹陷泰州组储集层孔隙度在2 400～2 800 m处于10%左右,而海安凹陷为10%～20%。海安凹陷和高邮凹陷泰州组储集层目前处于中成岩阶段A期。储集层质量主要受原始沉积环境和成岩作用的综合影响。压实作用和胶结作用均可降低孔隙,但当碳酸盐胶结物含量小于15％时,胶结作用对储集层质量影响较小。碳酸盐胶结物和长石颗粒溶蚀形成了大量的粒间溶孔。海安凹陷有利储集层主要分布在西北部和东部三角洲前缘砂体和滑塌浊积扇砂体中,高邮凹陷有利储集层主要分布在南部扇三角洲前缘砂体中。     

冀中坳陷饶阳凹陷留西地区古近系沙河街组沙三上亚段沉积相与隐蔽油藏

通过岩心观察和单井相分析,结合沉积背景资料,认为留西地区古近系沙河街组沙三上亚段发育辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相,以辫状河三角洲前缘亚相和滨浅湖亚相为主,主要发育辫状分流河道、越岸沉积、水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相。根据层序地层学基本原理,结合前人研究成果,认为本区沙三上亚段为一完整的三级层序,可划分为低位、湖侵和高位3个体系域,分别对应于沙三上亚段沉积时期的早期、中期和晚期,绘制了每个沉积阶段的沉积相图,在此基础上研究了沉积体系的平面展布特征。沙三上亚段沉积时期形成的北高南低的构造背景与辫状河三角洲近东西向展布的砂体形态相互配置,加之良好的油源供给,为后期成藏创造了条件。沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道与河口坝砂体是主要的储集体,与沉积中期发育的烃源岩形成了十分有利的生储盖组合,具有优越的隐蔽油藏发育条件。总结了该区隐蔽油藏成藏的4种模式,确定留西地区中南部沙三上亚段沉积早期发育的辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是下一步隐蔽油藏勘探的有利目标。     

河流活性物质入海通量:概念与方法

河流水体中呈溶解态和悬浮物结合态的元素活动性强,具有生态环境意义,查明其入海通量是当前生态地球化学评价的重要任务。通过总结前人的相关研究成果,确定了影响河流水体悬浮物的浓度及其矿物、化学组成的主要因素。从沿海经济带区域生态地球化学评价的实际需要出发,拟定了开展中国主要入海河流水溶态和悬浮物结合态元素入海通量调查的基本框架。     

河南西峡地区晚白垩世介形虫的发现及其地层意义

2005年在河南西峡含恐龙蛋层中首次发现介形虫化石,产自红山水库-丹水剖面上白垩统赵营组下段64层,是以Eucypris-Mongolocypris-Cypridea-Talicypridea为特征的介形虫化石组合,由12属20余种组成.其中Talicypridea是中国、蒙古和东亚晚白垩世最典型的化石,在非洲刚果及南美阿根廷的晚白垩世地层中也有分布,因此赵营组的时代无疑应归属为晚白垩世.赵营组介形虫化石的新发现,为地层的划分对比、沉积环境的演变和盆地的演化研究提供了重要的依据.     

福建仙游园庄地区南园组新层型剖面的建立 及时代的重新厘定

在福建省闽侯县鹅宅-南园村层型剖面所划分的南园组被证实为早白垩世石帽山群后,原鹅宅-南园村割面已失去层型剖面的意义.通过125万周宁县幅、福州市幅、莆田市幅、泉州市幅的区域地质调查和系统研究,在福建省仙游县园庄建立了南园组的新层型剖面,重新厘定了南园组的地层层序和岩石组合,根据地层叠覆关系、同位素测年和古生物资料的系统研究结果,将南园组的时代重新厘定为晚侏罗世-早白垩世初期.