泉子街地区地层可钻性分析及钻头选型

泉子街地区页岩气参数井钻进过程中存在地层可钻性差、研磨性较强,钻进速度慢,单只钻头（牙轮、PDC）进尺少且报废率高等问题。本文通过对泉子街区块岩石可钻性进行分析、评价,可以为该区页岩气勘查钻井施工钻头选型和钻井工程设计优化提供依据,从而达到提高该区钻井施工效率、降低钻井成本、缩短项目工作周期的目的。     

小动力旋挖钻机用嵌岩短螺旋钻头结构形式的改进

采用小动力无加压旋挖钻机在粒径较大的卵砾石地层和泥页岩地层中进行1500 mm以上大口径钻孔灌注桩施工，由于钻机动力小且不能加压，用常规嵌岩短螺旋钻头钻进出现进尺慢或不进尺现象。通过对河南西峡县宛西制药责任有限公司新厂房桩孔施工过程中出现此种现象的分析和处理，提出了嵌岩短螺旋钻头针对性的改进措施，并取得了良好效果。     

海底地震仪广角地震试验

介绍了海底地震仪(OBS)的基本原理、结构和海上调查方法,针对解决东海冲绳海槽地壳结构及性质等目的,利用大容量气枪枪阵震源和海底地震仪在东海冲绳海槽首次开展人工地震深部地球物理探测试验。本次试验布设一条NNW—SSE向垂直构造走向的勘测线,共投放海底地震仪40台,回收成功36台。获得了有效的深部地震数据,可识别到Pg、PmP、Pn等多种震相。此次试验是我国在冲绳海槽深部探测中的成功示范,有效填补了该地区深部地震数据的空白,为解决冲绳海槽深部地质问题奠定了坚实的基础。     

海上油田开发井钻井优化设计和应用实践

LF7-2油田位于我国南海珠江口盆地LF区块,是一个小规模油田,根据前期探井揭示,上部地层以厚层泥岩为主,极易水化、分散,使钻井液性能变差;起下钻过程中钻具遇卡、遇阻等复杂情况频繁发生;钻头选型不尽合理,易泥包;下部地层以砂泥岩互层为主,岩石致密、可钻性变差,钻具扭矩、摩阻增加,定向钻进时滑动困难,井眼轨迹控制难度大,给钻井提速增效带来诸多困难。根据探井地质情况和岩石力学剖面,利用钻井软件优选平台位置,对开发井井身结构、井眼轨迹、钻柱力学、钻井液、固井等方面进行钻井仿真模拟,制定出科学的钻井设计方案,在直井段采用“牙轮钻头+直螺杆+MWD”钻具开展防斜打直,造斜段使用“PDC钻头+弯螺杆+MWD/LWD”开展复合钻井,水平段采用“PDC钻头+PowerDriver+MWD/LWD”开展旋转导向钻井,实现精准化钻井,顺利完成6口开发井施工。现场应用单井平均机械钻速29.43 m/h,钻井工期191.59 d,工期比设计提前28.41 d,钻井提速增效显著,降低开发成本。通过PowerDriver的近钻头井斜、自然伽马实时测量和传输,减少地质误判,实现对储层顶界面的实时探测,使储层钻遇率达100%,收到较好的经济效益和投资回报,实现小油田的效益开发。     

东海油气资源区海底沉积物的工程地质特征

根据2001年6月的航次调查及随后的沉积物样品的试验室分析资料,从物理性质和力学特征各方面对东海油气资源区海底沉积物进行了综合工程地质特征研完。发现本区沉积物结构、剪切特征、含水量和液塑限随深度的变化而变化;本区海底沉积物类型既分布有中砂、细砂和粉砂3种砂性土,也分布有扮质粘土、淤泥质粘土和粘质扮土3种粘性土,沉积物的物理力学性质与相立的土类性质相一致。     

Contribution of Sponge Spicules to the Composition of Biogenic Silica in the Ligurian Sea

Abstract. The importance of sponge spicules in the turnover of biogenic silica (BSi) in the detritic bottoms of the Eastern Ligurian Riviera was evaluated by studying sediment cores and the detrital matter collected by a trap over a one year period.
This study made evident that: i) Sponge spicules represent the main component of the BSi both in the sediments and in the trapped matter; ii) A correlation exists between the sponge biomass present on the overhanging cliff and the amount of sponge spicules found in the sediment below; iii) Inside the sediments, a superficial layer (10 cm deep) characterized by intensive silica dissolution processes can be observed; and iv) The amount of spicules collected using the trap is not constant throughout the year, but shows a characteristic trend with low values in spring and summer and high values in autumn and winter.     

獐子岛养殖区夏季底层水温快速变化的机理分析

Rapid changes in the near-bottom water temperature are important environmental factors that can significantly affect the growth and development of species in the bottom culture. The object of this research is to investigate the mechanism causing these rapid changes within a bottom culture area near the Zhangzi Island. The hydrographic transects observations in the North Yellow Sea(NYS) suggest that our mooring station is very close to the tidal mixing front. The horizontal advection of the tidal front has induced the observed tidal change of bottom temperature at the mooring station. Analysis of the mooring near-bottom temperature and current measurements show that the angle between the tidal current horizontal advection and the swing of the tidal front is crucial in determining the variation trend of temperature. When the angle equals 90°, the horizontal tidal current advects along the isotherms so the temperature remains the same. When the angle is between 0° and 90°, the seawater moves from deep water to the warmer coastal zone and the temperature decreases. In contrast, the horizontal tidal advection moves the coastal warm water to the mooring station and the water temperature increases when the angle is between 90° and 180°. The amplitude of the temperature change is proportional to the magnitude of the horizontal temperature gradient and the tidal excursion in the direction of the temperature gradient. This study may facilitate the choice of culture area in order to have a good aquaculture production.     

水下光学无线通信的海水信道特性研究

提出了将具有比声学高达几倍的数据通信速率,良好的安全性和隐蔽性的光学无线通信技术应用于海军、海洋科学研究和水下工程等领域,实现高速率的水下无线通信技术实现海量数据的信息交换.基于生物光学特性的水下光学信道模型,建立了水下光学通信系统性能分析方法.并对基于发光二极管(LED)的水下光学无线通信系统进行了仿真,其结果表明所建立的方法可以进行各种海域水质环境的模拟,便于时水下光学无线通信系统性能进行预测评估,为水下光学无线通信系统的设计方案的评估提供了依据.     

An inverse method for underwater bottom topography by using SAR imagery

I~IOXThe image technology of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is one of most important advances in spaceberne microwave remote sensing (Larson et al., 1976). It has extensive application in the ocean remote sensing, such as inversion of the sea subdue winds and currentS, reconstruction of underwater hatom topography and so on. Owing tO the high conductivity of sea water, an electromagnetic wave actually cannot penetrate into the sea water, with extremely smallPenetration depth (abbot 1 c…     

黔北一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征分析

利用地面自动站资料、探空资料、多普勒雷达观测资料以及ERA5逐时再分析资料对2021年5月15日发生在黔北的一次下击暴流事件成因及雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）本次过程发生在500hPa槽前、西南低涡南侧、中低空急流北侧和地面锋前热低压内的大范围上升区内,地面辐合线是重要的触发机制。（2）大气为上干下湿不稳定状态,中等到强的垂直风切变维持,环境温度垂直递减率较大,低层有冷空气入侵,下沉气流接地时与周围大气形成10℃以上的温差,导致气流强烈辐散最终产生大风。（3）过程由多单体风暴引发,具有弓形回波、三体散射长钉、回波悬垂等结构特征,回波核强度在65dBz以上,大风出现时强回波核迅速降落。（4）大风发生前,风暴前侧有一支由前向后的斜升气流与后侧入流气流形成中层径向辐合（MARC）,大风出现时,低层有小尺度辐散区域,随后辐散尺度扩大,风速切变减小,大风强度减弱。