“裸管”地热换热器数值传热模型研究

介绍了一种特殊地热换热器———"裸管"换热器,并详细分析了其孔内外的传热;通过合理划分网格,利用有限容积法建立了钻孔内外的数值模型,利用该模型对裸管式地热换热器进行了校核计算。在此基础上,对湖北十堰某工地的实际钻孔进行了现场测试,测试结果和数值计算结果误差在5%以内,证明该数值模型是可行可靠的;此外,由于套管式地热换热器布置形式和裸管的相似性,本文的数值模型对套管地热换热器也是适用的。     

Borehole deviation limits and injection permeability

Monitoring drilling deviation is important for drilling of boreholes and measuring injection rock permeability by Lugeon value for safe and efficient drilling and grouting. This paper is aiming at the study drilling deviation and relationship between drilling and injection permeability at the depth of 100 m in dam of Pushi River. The results show that at different depths the deviation of grouting borehole is within the allowable range according to specifications. LU value decreases with the depth increased in general, but at the depths between 40-41 m the permeability is 1.5 LU, and at 24 m the LU value is the largest (2 LU) in this site by this study. The study thus concludes that even though the rocks are hard and their injection permeability decreases with depth increased, good drilling practices including carefully considering technical and geological specifications can get good drilling boreholes.     

Large ground surface temperature changes of the last three centuries inferred from borehole temperatures in the Southern Canadian Prairies, Saskatchewan

New temperature logs in wells located in the grassland ecozone in the Southern Canadian Prairies in Saskatchewan, where surface disturbance is considered minor, show a large curvature in the upper 100 m. The character of this curvature is consistent with ground surface temperature (GST) warming in the 20th century. Repetition of precise temperature logs in southern Saskatchewan (years 1986 and 1997) shows the conductive nature of warming of the subsurface sediments. The magnitude of surface temperature change during that time (11 years) is high (0.3–0.4°C). To assess the conductive nature of temperature variations at the grassland surface interface, several precise air and soil temperature time series in the southern Canadian Prairies (1965–1995) were analyzed. The combined anomalies correlated at 0.85. Application of the functional space inversion (FSI) technique with the borehole temperature logs and site-specific lithology indicates a warming to date of approximately 2.5°C since a minimum in the late 18th century to mid 19th century. This warming represents an approximate increase from 4°C around 1850 to 6.5°C today. The significance of this record is that it suggests almost half of the warming occurred prior to 1900, before dramatic build up of atmospheric green house gases. This result correlates well with the proxy record of climatic change further to the north, beyond the Arctic Circle [Overpeck, J., Hughen, K., Hardy, D., Bradley, R., Case, R., Douglas, M., Finney, B., Gajewski, K., Jacoby, G., Jennings, A., Lamourex, S., Lasca, A., MacDonald, G., Moore, J., Retelle, M., Smith, S., Wolfe, A., Zielinski, G., 1997. Arctic environmental change of the last four centuries, Science 278, 1251–1256.].     

四川前兆钻孔应变仪台站观测系统运行管理现状分析

四川数字地震观测网络项目前兆分项目建设已通过中国地震局监测司的验收,四川前兆钻孔应变仪台站观测系统已运行一年多,从观测工作的各个环节都有值得总结和分析的必要,从而更好地服务于地震预报和科学研究。     

三维地质建模中虚拟钻孔的引入及其确定

三维地质建模中由于地质数据缺乏导致模型难以控制三维形体边界特征,直接影响到模型的实用价值.针对这一问题,文章引入了虚拟钻孔,用于增加数据点密度,有效控制三维形体边界.以地层受断层破坏为例,分别就地层与断层4种典型空间分布组合特征下虚拟钻孔的确定方法进行了研究,提出了相应解决方案.由于虚拟钻孔具有普通钻孔的性质,在数据存储方式、数据结构和表达方式等方面具有一致性,可以加快三维地质建模,提高建模精度.     

临夏台分量钻孔应变观测与岷县—漳县6.6级地震的相关性分析

对临夏地震台分量钻孔应变2008—2018年观测数据的可靠性进行了分析,发现S1+S3和S2+S4的年相关系数均值达到了0.98以上;计算的主应力和主方向结果表明:主方向在2013年岷县6.6级地震前存在明显的趋势转折,主应力的变化趋势在去除趋势漂移后,存在先降后升的变化特征,岷县6.6级地震就发生在趋势转变当中。     

福建省钻孔体应变同震响应分析

通过福建省4个钻孔体应变仪对印尼强震的同震响应波对比分析,研究了福建省体应变变化特征,得出体应变幅度与震级成正比、响应延迟时间与震中距成正比的结论,进一步探讨了福建省各台站对印尼远强震的体应变变化特征及其与断层性质的关系。     

First observation of microspherule from the infratrappean Gondwana sediments below Killari region of Deccan LIP,Maharashtra (India) and possible implications

A rare occurrence of a microspherule has been found in the infratrappean sediments, encountered below 338 m thick Deccan volcanic cover in KLR-1 scientific borehole, drilled in the epicentral zone of the 1993 Killari earthquake (Maharashtra, India). Palynological studies of the sediments indicate their age as Early Permian (Asselian, 298–295 Ma) for deposition. Transmission electron microscope studies reveal that the spherule from the infratrappeans, is having a similar composition to that of the Neoarchean amphibolite to granulite facies mid crustal basement. The spherule is non-spherical in nature, containing mostly FeO (10.70 ± 0.20 wt.%), CaO (13.8 ± 0.5 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (7.78 ± 0.30 wt.%), MgO (6.47 ± 0.3 wt.%), SiO₂ (47.46 ± 0.50 wt.%), TiO₂ (2.47 ± 0.3 wt.%), K₂O (1.89 ± 0.20 wt.%), and Cl (0.33 ± 0.05 wt.%). Since the Fe composition of the spherule is almost same as the basement rock (10.5 wt.%), and the chlorine content is also in the same range as the basement (0.04–0.24 wt.%), it would suggest possibility of an extraterrestrial impact over the Indian terrain during the erstwhile Gondwana sedimentation period that may be associated with the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, the most severe one in the Earth's history.     

重力约束反演构建郯庐断裂带泗洪浅覆盖区隐伏基岩地质模型

利用重力异常数据建立覆盖区的基岩地质模型往往需要大量的地质与岩石物性资料,同时受地质先验信息、人为因素等干扰严重。运用重力异常钻孔约束反演的方法尝试构建浅覆盖区基岩地质模型,探讨在人为介入较少的情况下快速高效构建包含基岩面起伏特征、断裂展布、密度分布等要素的地质模型的可行性。在郯庐断裂泗洪地区的地质调查实际应用中,对区内布格重力异常采用小波多尺度分解的方法进行基岩面异常场提取,随后联合运用小波断裂分析、线性回归反演、视密度填图等方法构建了该区域的隐伏基岩地质模型。结果显示,在不需要大量地质先验信息的情况下,该系列方法能够快速高效地构建覆盖区地质模型。结果模型能够较好地反映基岩面构造及物性特征,并且细化郯庐断裂带泗洪地区的区域构造特征,对于郯庐断裂地区的构造演化研究具有一定的参考意义,同时为探索较少人为干预的地球物理数据反演覆盖区隐伏基岩的方法研究提供一定的实践价值。     

中国煤矿瓦斯防治形势及钻探技术应用

简要分析了我国煤矿瓦斯概况，煤矿安全生产所面临的严重形势、任务及我国煤矿瓦斯防治主要目标与措施，介绍了煤矿瓦斯治理的主要技术方式与手段，承点介绍了钻探技术在我国煤矿瓦斯防治中的应用情况。