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141.
Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic transition in Kuqa Depression-Tianshan, Northwest China: Evidence from sandstone detrital and geochemical records 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LI Zhong GUO Hong WANG Daoxuan & LIN Wei . Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . Tarim Oilfield Branch CNPC Korla China . Hefei University of Industry Tunxilu Hefei China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(9):1387-1402
Succeeding to multiply collisions of different blocks in Late Paleozoic[1―5], complex intracontinental structural deformation occurred in the Tianshan area during Mesozoic-Cenozoic[6―16], which controlled coeval basin-range evolution and resulted in intensive modi- fication and adjustment of the Paleozoic oil-gas reser- voirs[17―19]. The Kuqa Depression is a secendary struc- tural unit of the Tarim basin, in which Mesozoic- Ce- nozoic deposits occur in thickness of 6000―7000 m. The Kuq… 相似文献
142.
Earthquakes taking place from 1975 to 2010 in and around Shandong Province are relocated using double-difference (HypoDD) and Hypoinvers 2000 (Hypo2000) methods, after correction of the onset times of seismic phases. The results show that the relocated seismicity is clearly associated with regional tectonics in space, and is also in agreement with the existence of deep faults imaged by wide-angle and deep seismic reflection profiling ; most of the focal depths are in the range of 5 - 25km, and there are clearly two predominant depths: 10km and 16km, which are inferred to be on the bottom of the upper crust and in the middle crust, respectively. The pattern of seismic activity indicates that moderate and strong earthquakes are likely to occur in the brittle-ductile transition zone between the upper and the lower crust, as the outcome of the deep tectonic dynamic process and the movement and deformation of faults in the upper and shallow crust under the regional stress field. 相似文献
143.
Zhen Guo Yuliang Cao Xianguang Wang Y. John Chen Jieyuan Ning Weiguang He Youcai Tang Yongge Feng 《地震科学(英文版)》2014,27(3):265-275
P-wave and S-wave receiver function analyses have been performed along a profile consisted of 27 broadband seismic stations to image the crustal and upper mantle discontinuities across Northeast China. The results show that the average Moho depth varies from about 37 km beneath the Daxing’anling orogenic belt in the west to about 33 km beneath the Songliao Basin, and to about 35 km beneath the Changbai mountain region in the east. Our results reveal that the Moho is generally flat beneath the Daxing’anling region and a remarkable Moho offset (about 4 km) exists beneath the basin-mountain boundary, the Daxing’anling-Taihang Gravity Line. Beneath the Tanlu faults zone, which seperates the Songliao Basin and Changbai region, the Moho is uplift and the crustal thickness changes rapidly. We interpret this feature as that the Tanlu faults might deeply penetrate into the upper mantle, and facilitate the mantle upwelling along the faults during the Cenozoic era. The average depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is ~80 km along the profile which is thinner than an average thickness of a continental lithosphere. The LAB shows an arc-like shape in the basin, with the shallowest part approximately beneath the center of the basin. The uplift LAB beneath the basin might be related to the extensive lithospheric stretching in the Mesozoic. In the mantle transition zone, a structurally complicated 660 km discontinuity with a maximum 35 km depression beneath the Changbai region is observed. The 35 km depression is roughly coincident with the location of the stagnant western pacific slab on top of the 660 km discontinuity revealed by the recent P wave tomography. 相似文献
144.
Yasuhiro Kuwayama Kei Hirose Nagayoshi Sata Yasuo Ohishi 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,273(3-4):379-385
We have investigated the phase relations of iron and iron–nickel alloys with 18 to 50 wt.% Ni up to over 300 GPa using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show the wide stability of hcp-iron up to 301 GPa and 2000 K and 319 GPa and 300 K without phase transition to dhcp, orthorhombic, or bcc phases. On the other hand, the incorporation of nickel has a remarkable effect on expanding the stability field of fcc phase. The geometry of the temperature–composition phase diagram of iron–nickel alloys suggests that the hcp–fcc–liquid triple point is located at 10 to 20 wt.% Ni at the pressure of the inner core boundary. The fcc phase could crystallize depending on the nickel and silicon contents in the Earth's core, both of which are fcc stabilizer. 相似文献
145.
Mechanical properties of rocks change under the influence of, temperature. Stress at the onset of yielding, ultimate strength, dilatancy, strain hardening and softening, and the confining pressure at brittle-ductile transition are all reduced by the increasing temperature. This study presents a framework of constitutive modeling of thermo-brittle-plastic behavior of rocks which encompasses these changes. The constitutive law is based on a thermo-plasticity theory first proposed for metals byPrager (1958). Two phenomenological mechanisms have been identified as central for the modeling: temperature dependence of the yield locus (thermal softening), and temperature dependence of the strain-hardening function (thermally enhanced ductility). Material parameters for two rocks, Carrara marble and Westerly granite, were determined on the basis of additional hypotheses. These parameters are used in numerical simulations of triaxial tests at different temperatures. The obtained stress-strain curves compare well to the experimental results. The changes with temperature in the stress at the onset of yielding are more accurately reproduced that the evolution of hardening or softening. Suggestions for possible improvements and future research directions are indicated. 相似文献
146.
2015/2016年发生的极端El Ni?o事件,与1997/1998年El Ni?o事件具有可比拟的强度,但是2016年事件转变为弱La Ni?a,而1998年事件则为强La Ni?a。本文通过对比这两次极端El Ni?o事件,揭示其转变为不同强度La Ni?a事件的物理机制。混合层热收支分析的结果表明,在El Ni?o衰减年的4~11月,2016年平流反馈和温跃层反馈相对较弱,混合层温度衰减速率慢,其产生的主要原因是赤道中西太平洋的东风异常较弱。进一步分析表明,赤道中西太平洋的东风异常与副热带东北太平洋的海表温度异常(SSTA)有关,该地区的SST在1998年表现为冷异常,2016年为暖异常。副热带东北太平洋冷的SSTA有利于信风加强,从而加强中西太平洋的东风异常;而暖的SSTA使得赤道以北出现西南风异常,从而削弱中西太平洋的东风异常。此外,合成分析也表明,副热带东北太平洋SSTA与转变的La Ni?a的强度具有关联,El Ni?o转变为强La Ni?a的情况在位相转变期伴随着副热带北太平洋冷的SSTA,而El Ni?o转变为弱La Ni?a的情况没有明显的冷SSTA。 相似文献
147.
夏季风影响过渡区是天气和气候的敏感区,随着全球和区域的变暖,该区域特殊的气候环境响应引起人们重点关注。以南昌、定西、乌鲁木齐作为夏季风影响区、夏季风影响过渡区以及非夏季风影响区的代表站,通过对比中国夏季风影响过渡区和其他地区50年来温度、日照时数、相对湿度、降水量、低云量、风速的变化趋势,以及分析各气象因子单独变化对蒸发皿蒸发量的影响,发现在夏季风影响过渡区各个气象因子的变化均使蒸发皿蒸发量增加,而在其他地区,只有温度变化会使蒸发皿蒸发量增加,其他各因子的变化均会造成蒸发皿蒸发量的下降。贡献度更直观的反映各气象因子对不同地区蒸发皿蒸发的作用。结果表明温度变化对夏季风影响过渡区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为48.93%。风速变化对夏季风影响区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为51.54%。降水变化对非夏季风影响区蒸发皿蒸发变率的贡献最大,贡献度为58.57%。此外,低云量的变化对夏季风影响过渡区、夏季风影响区和非夏季风影响区的贡献均达到20%以上。因此,不同地区影响蒸发皿蒸发的最主要的因子是不同的,但低云量对任何地区蒸发皿蒸发的影响都非常重要。 相似文献
148.
Fifty-eight extratropical transition (ET) cases in the years 2000-2008, including 2,021 observations (at 6-hour intervals), over the western North Pacific are analyzed using the cyclone phase space (CPS) method, in an effort to get the characteristics of the structure evolution and environmental conditions of tropical cyclones (TCs) during ET over this area. Cluster analysis of the CPS dataset shows that strong TCs are more likely to undergo ET. ET begins with the increment of thermal asymmetry in TCs, along with the generation and intensification of an upper-level cold core, and ends with the occurrence of a lower-level cold core. ET lasts an average duration of about 28 hours. Dynamic composite analysis of the environmental field of different clusters shows that, in general, when TCs move northward, they are gradually embedded in the westerlies and gradually transform into extratropical cyclones under the influence of the mid- and higher-latitude baroclinic systems. As for those TCs which complete ET, there is always much greater potential vorticity gradient in the northwest of them and obvious water vapor transport channels in the environment. 相似文献
149.
利用NCEP/NCAR北半球1958—1997年40a中平流层(10~70 hPa)逐日位势高度场再分析资料,计算出其余弦球函数~YC20的系数A20。根据A20稳定由负转正的日期,确定了中平流层各层环流由气旋型转换为反气旋型的日期。结果表明:1)由冬入夏,20 hPa环流最先由气旋型转换为反气旋型,平均为4月24日;6月17日向下传播到70hPa,历时54d,此时整个中平流层进入盛夏。2)50、70hPa环流转型日期具有明显的年代际变化特征。分析表明,50、70hPa环流转型日期与低纬平流层纬向风准两年振荡存在显著正相关关系。 相似文献
150.
大气环流的季节突变与季风的建立Ⅰ.基本理论方法和气候场分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
将曾庆存等提出的大气环流的季节划分和计算季风的理论方法作了改进,使之更便于研究季风的建立过程.该理论方法将环流突变和季风建立时段,其\"变差度\"和与其前和其后场的\"相似度\"等由空间场的泛函随时间的变化(即数学名词上的\"流\"[flow])一起求出来.研究Ⅰ先分析气候平均场,Ⅱ分析各个别年份的情况及年际变化.研究Ⅰ的结果表明:(1)该方法可以客观定量地定出\"突变\"时段的关键日期;与季风建立过程联系,即是季风建立的\"预兆日期\",它比人们用天气-气候学方法(甚至用别的气象要素)定出的可以明显感觉到的或有明显实用价值的\"季风来临日期\"要早2至4天.(2)在北半球亚澳季风系统区域,夏季风的来临在许多关键地区伴有明显的环流突变,建立和推进者很快,但也有许多区域不表现为当地环流的突变,推进速度也慢.(3)北半球亚澳季风系统低空的热带季风分支,在6月中以前可明确区分为3个子系统,(a)西太平洋暖池和邻近低纬区域,4月中下旬建立;(b)热带东北印度洋(北界与孟加拉湾相邻,但不包括其在内)及索马里东边海洋,4月末至5月初建立;和(c)南海区域,5月上旬从南到5月下旬到北部.南海夏季风向北推进最快,于5月末候即可达北回归线附近,然后与暖池西北区域风场的突变一起,于6月中旬影响到东亚30°N区域;印度洋季风于6月初到达印度半岛东南端,然后逐渐推向印-巴次大陆.7月中以后,热带季风才连成一片,由非洲东岸直至长江下游和菲律宾附近.副热带季风分支于6月中旬可以感到其影响,于7、8月盛行于东亚和西太平洋区域,且结构和演变都比较复杂;6~7月间只表现为在(5~20°N,120~150°E)区域有强的环流突变(与副高增强并北移对应),7月中至8月底,则在上述区域和沿30°N的长江下游和日本以南的洋面上有3个强的环流突变中心(对应于副高又一次增强北移和西伸).这里暂不讨论温寒带季风分支.(4)季风具有鲜明的三度空间斜压结构,尤其是在低空季风\"爆发\"之前,平流层早已有强的环流突变,季节调整完成,然后突变向下延伸(虽然强度大减),跟着就有当地的低空季风\"爆发\"(建立).平流层和对流层环流的相互作用及其与季风建立的关系很值得进一步研究. 相似文献