地气场信息的地质学意义

以我国南岭矿集区的两个具有典型意义的区域:湖南黄沙坪和广西大厂,开展了地气场研究,目的是寻找地气场与矿体的关联规律.通过系统分析,研究了矿致地气异常的特征,结果表明,通过地气异常中成分比例的统计,可以判定隐伏矿体是什么成分的矿体;地气异常的元素组合中,可以提取围岩和岩浆活动的一些信息.     

黄土滑坡的基本类型与活动特征

高位黄土滑坡具有高势能、突发性、隐蔽性、滑动速度迅速、威胁范围广、破坏冲击能力强等特点,破坏形式多为摧毁和压埋为主,是黄土地区防灾减灾、工程治理棘手难题。不同的地形地貌类型、地层岩性、水文地质条件、地质构造等对滑坡形成都具有本质上的差异。结合平凉市静宁县仁大镇和天水市麦积区大沟高位黄土滑坡典型实例,通过工程地质测绘、工程地质勘查、无人机高精度航测等技术手段,从空间分布、滑坡特征、成因、运动机理、成灾特点等方面进行了系统研究。结果表明,根据地形地貌归属可分为坡面型和沟谷型高位黄土滑坡,其中平凉市静宁县仁大镇滑坡属于坡面型,以 “土浪” 的形式运动,在运动时间上与滑坡启动具有同周期性和连续性,运动速度迅速,运动顺序为滑体脱离母体→土体滑动→土体堆积;天水市麦积区大沟属于沟谷型,以泥流的形式进行运动,滑坡滑动与堆积体启动在时间上具有一定的滞后性,速度相对前者较缓慢,运动顺序为滑体脱离母体→土体堆积→土体滑动→淤积,其运动、堆积特点和黏性泥石流基本相似。     

海南石碌铁矿床构造变形特征及其与铁多金属成矿富集的关系

海南石碌铁矿曾被誉为“亚洲最大的富铁矿”,其形成、定位与褶皱变形及伴随的剪切、塑性流动等构造密切相关。石碌矿区构造变形大致分为早期(D1)复式向斜的形成时期、晚期(D2)褶皱叠加和剪切变形时期。后者又进一步分为韧-脆性变形(D2a),脆-韧性变形、层间滑脱断层形成(D2b)和脆性变形、矿体破坏(D2c)3个阶段。石碌铁矿床受NW—SE向复式向斜及其与NE—NNE向褶皱叠加所形成的横跨或斜跨褶皱的严格控制;褶皱过程所伴随的剪切变形和高温塑性流动是富铁矿形成的重要机制。复式向斜轴部,尤其是2期向斜褶皱轴的叠加部位往往可发现厚大的富铁矿体。     

基于LiDAR数据和航空影像的水体自动提取

提出将LiDAR数据对水体的敏感性与航空影像的高分辨率特征相结合的水体自动提取方法。利用SIFT算法对LiDAR强度图像和航空影像进行配准,在LiDAR高程图像上提取无回波信号的黑色区域,构建几何约束条件,排除由遮挡产生的无效区域;将水体初始位置映射到航空影像上,结合边缘信息进行区域生长,并对生长区域进行数学形态学运算,最终获取水体区域。实验结果表明,该方法可以获得很好的水体提取效果。     

川西北羊拱海花岗岩体的地球化学特征及成因初探

位于松潘-甘孜褶皱带东部三角区内的羊拱海岩体主要是由中心相酸性的二长花岗岩向边缘相中酸性的花岗闪长岩过渡.通过对该花岗岩体的常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素地球化学特征的研究可知,羊拱海花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性、弱过铝-过铝质岩石系列,Rb、Th、K等富集,Ti、Ba、Nb、Sr、P明显亏损,表现为较平坦的具有较弱Eu亏损的稀土配分模式;岩体具有I型与S型花岗岩过渡类型的特点,是在印支晚期区域上大规模的陆-陆碰撞造山运动中,俯冲的陆壳楔形区在下地壳使局部同熔岩浆沿断裂通道上侵定位形成的.     

宝山岩体——一个壳型花岗岩类含钨岩体地质地球化学特征与成矿

从岩体产出的地质背景、岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素特征、岩石熔化实验,Sr~(87)/Sr~(86)初始比值等资料的初步研究,表明岩体成因属壳型(相当徐克勤的陆壳改造型)花岗岩。但由於岩浆近地同化混染白云质灰岩,致使造岩矿物黑云母富含镁质,又具有过渡型(相当徐克勤的同熔型)花岗岩的某些特点。而钨、铅、锌(银)多金属矿床与该岩体有着成因上的联系。     

三位一体找矿预测模型的表达式

三位一体找矿预测模型是勘查区找矿预测理论遵循的原则。三位是指成矿地质体、成矿结构面、成矿作用标志,一体是指矿体、矿床或矿田。可以理解为成矿地质体、成矿结构面、成矿作用标志决定矿体、矿床或矿田产出的空间位置,反映的是成矿要素与成矿产物之间的空间关系,或者空间结构模型,是由某一个成矿地质体决定的矿床成矿系统的最小单元,如某斑岩体决定的次火山热液成矿系统和同生断裂决定的热水沉积成矿系统。 根据中国地质调查局(2016)颁发的1:50 000 矿产地质调查工作指南(试行),成矿地质体是指与矿床形成在时间、空间和成因上有密切联系的地质体。成矿结构面是指赋存矿体的显性或隐性存在的岩石物理及化学性质不连续面,也就是赋存矿体的各类界面。成矿作用标志是指能够直接指示矿体赋存位置的、对找矿预测具有特殊意义的标志(中国地质调查局,2016)。矿床成岩成矿年代学及成矿作用产物与成矿地质体的空间关系表明,成矿地质体在成矿过程中,仍然主要起导矿构造的作用,尽管部分成矿现象类似于侧分泌成矿,但规模热液矿床的形成必然伴随着大规模流体沿构造通道持续或间歇性运移。完整的成矿系统必然包含源、运、储三个基本环节(翟裕生,2005),所以成矿地质体也可以表述为导矿构造,进而将三位一体找矿预测模型定性地表述为导矿构造、成矿结构面和成矿作用标志决定成矿作用产物产出的空间位置。模型的定量表示则需要研究导矿构造、成矿结构面和成矿作用标志的响应范围及其耦合关系。     

CFD investigations of OXYFLUX device,an innovative wave pump technology for artificial downwelling of surface water

No other environmental variable of such ecological importance to estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems around the world has changed so drastically, in such a short period of time, as dissolved oxygen in coastal waters. The prevalent methods for counteracting anoxic sea events are indirect measures which aim to cut-down anthropic loads introduced in river and marine environments. To date, no direct approaches, like artificial devices have been investigated except the WEBAP and OXYFLUX devices. The present paper adopts a numerical approach to the analysis of the pumped surface water as well as the analysis of the dynamic response of the OXYFLUX device. By means of a CFD-RANS code and through the application of overset grid method, the 1/16 OXYFLUX model’s dynamic response and pumping performance are evaluated. The appropriate grid is selected after an extensive sensitivity analysis carried out on 9 different grids. The CFD model is validated by comparing numerical and physical results of heave decay test, heave response, and surface water discharge under the action of regular waves. The extensive comparison with experimental results shows consistently accurate predictions. The main findings of the study show that nonlinear effects remarkable reduce the dynamic behaviour of the OXYFLUX and generate an unexpected second harmonic for pitch response intensifying the overtopping discharge also for small waves caused by the summer's low intensity winds.     

黄海南部小黄鱼洄游分布及种群结构特征

Monthly fishery survey data of the small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis in the southern Yellow Sea from2003 and 2013 were employed to evaluate the variation in the resource distribution and biological characteristics(especially body length and sex ratio) in the population on a decadal scale.The results indicated that the small yellow croaker migrated from the Shawai fishing ground to the Dasha fishing ground in spring and was mainly distributed in the central and western parts of the Dasha fishing ground in April and May.Larimichthys polyactis in the Dasha fishing ground migrated eastward to offshore wintering grounds in autumn and reached the central Dasha fishing ground in October and November.The small yellow croaker entered the western waters of the Shawai fishing ground in winter.A large number of age 0+ fish occurred in the Shawai and Jiangwai fishing grounds in October of 2003 and 2013.The body lengths of the spawning stock and wintering stock in 2013 were larger than those in 2003,and the monthly sex ratios(female to male) were significantly less than 1 in both years.The monthly distribution of this fish in the southern Yellow Sea was consistent with a previous finding that "the stock migrated between the wintering grounds in the west of Jeju Island and the Lüsi spawning grounds" but tended to move more northward,with the spawning grounds extending outward.In the past decade,body length variation experienced a decline after an increase,rather than a steady decrease.The sex ratio in the single-stick stow net showed a tendency to increase over the decade,but was either less than or more than 1 depending on the fishing gear;therefore,further studies should be conducted to determine the sex structure.     

福建省数字化钻孔体应变观测资料质量初步分析

对整个福建省的钻孔体应变仪器运行状况进行了综合评价,并对4个台站的观测资料质量进行了分析,用M2波潮汐因子及其相对中误差等来衡量其总体精度和稳定性,还分析了钻孔应变观测的干扰机理和特征,希望能够正确地认识以及排除观测资料中的非异常信息,提高观测精度,为地震分析预报提供可靠的前兆资料。