柴北缘的大地构造演化及其地质事件群

柴达木盆地北缘及邻区包括六个二级构造单元:中南祁连地块(宗务隆天山期裂陷槽)、欧龙布鲁克微陆块、柴北缘祁连期结合带、柴达木地块、东昆仑晚天山-印支期结合带(东昆北岩浆弧)和西秦岭结合带。其中柴北缘及邻区的大地构造演化,经历了前寒武纪基底成生与演化、祁连期洋-陆转化、天山-印支期板内变形和中新生代陆相盆地演化-高原隆升等四个阶段。本文在论述各个演化阶段的沉积事件、岩浆活动、变质作用、构造形迹和成矿作用等地质事件群的基础上,对柴北缘的变质基底、全球大地构造对比和显生宙花岗岩等重大基础地质问题进行了讨论。     

黑龙江省中西部地球排气与地震活动的探讨

本文根据近两年来在黑龙江省中西部沿断裂带逸出的H2、CO、H2S等还原性气体组合,结合C、H、S、He、Ar同位素研究,讨论了还原性气体组合的深源特征。在此基础上以安达地震为例,作者阐明了以氢气为首的还原性气体逸出与深部构造背景及其与地震的关系。深源还原性气体的逸出孕育着地壳不稳定的因素,有诱发地震和其他自然灾害的可能。地球排气作用与地震作用关系的研究在类似黑龙江省中西部大面积被第四系覆盖的地区是地震预报较为有效的手段。     

河北丰宁招兵沟铁磷矿床地质及综合利用前景

河北丰宁招兵沟铁磷矿床为赋存于太古宇绿岩带内低品位特大型矿床。含磷岩系具近似绿岩带下部火山岩群的特点。铁磷矿体呈层状,大的透镜状产出,还伴生Ti、V 等有益元素。矿石选矿回收性能良好。通过对该区当前内生低品位铁磷矿开采情况的调查,认为我国北方低品位铁磷矿综合利用前景乐观。     

Origin of Paleofluids in Dabashan Foreland Thrust Belt:Geochemical Evidence of 13C,18O and 87Sr/86Sr in Veins and Host Rocks

In the last ten years, with important discoveries from oil and gas exploration in the Dabashan foreland depression belt in the borderland between Shanxi and Sichuan provinces, the relationship between the formation and evolution of, and hydrocarbon accumulation in, this foreland thrust belt from the viewpoint of basin and oil and gas exploration has been studied. At the same time, there has been little research on the origin of fluids within the belt. Based on geochemical system analysis including Z values denoting salinity and research on δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes in the host rocks and veins, the origin of paleofluids in the foreland thrust belt is considered. There are four principal kinds of paleofluid, including deep mantle-derived, sedimentary, mixed and meteoric. For the deep mantle-derived fluid, the δ13C is generally less than ?5.0‰PDB, δ18O less than -10.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr less than 0.70600; the sedimentary fluid is mainly marine carbonate-derived, with the δ13C generally more than ?2.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?10.0‰PDB, Z value more than 120 and 87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the mixed fluid consists mainly of marine carbonate fluid (including possibly a little mantle-derived fluid or meteoric water), with the δ13C generally ranging from ?2.0‰ to ?8.0‰PDB, δ18O from ?10.0‰ to ?18.0‰ PDB, Z value from 105 to 120 and 87Sr/86Sr from 0.70800 to 0.71000; the atmospheric fluid consists mainly of meteoric water, with the δ13C generally ranging from 0.0‰ to ?10.0‰PDB, δ18O less than ?8.0‰PDB, Z value less than 110 and 87Sr/86Sr more than 0.71000. The Chengkou fault belt encompasses the most complex origins, including all four types of paleofluid; the Zhenba and Pingba fault belts and stable areas contain a simple paleofluid mainly of sedimentary type; the Jimingsi fault belt contains mainly sedimentary and mixed fluids, both consisting of sedimentary fluid and meteoric water. Jurassic rocks of the foreland depression belt contain mainly meteoric fluid.     

云南宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带岩石化学特征和岩浆来源与成矿

宁蒗地区喜山期斑岩带为扬子西缘构造活动带喜山期构造－斑岩成矿带的重要组成部分，通过斑岩体岩石化学特征等的综合分析研究，得出了岩浆物质源于幔源，并有陆壳组分参与的壳幔混源型岩浆，斑岩体属含铜斑岩或铜斑岩。斑岩带具良好的成矿地质条件与前景。     

南秦岭石泉-汉阴金矿带控矿构造特征与矿床成因探讨

石泉-汉阴成矿带是南秦岭重要的金成矿潜力区,是秦岭金成矿带的重要组成部分。为了查明区内与成矿有关的多期次构造发育特征及其对金成矿的控制作用,并进一步探讨矿床成因,本文选取石泉-汉阴成矿带内最具代表性的黄龙、长沟和金斗坡三个金矿床作为研究对象,通过详尽的野外及井下地质调研、室内显微构造观察及同位素追踪相结合的研究方法,探讨了该成矿带内的构造活动期次,确定了与成矿有关构造体系的性质,取得的主要认识有:(1)研究区与成矿关系密切的共有四期构造活动,分别为成矿前的韧性剪切构造(S1)、成矿早期的韧性剪切构造(S2)、主成矿期牛山-凤凰山隆起形成的拆离滑脱构造(S3)以及成矿期后的脆性构造;(2)成矿期早期韧性剪切构造中矿化现象并不显著,主要对区内矿床的成矿物质起到了预富集作用,而成矿主期与滑脱构造同时期的由岩浆分异而来的含矿热液叠加在早期矿化带之上才形成了区内的金矿床,其成因为岩浆期后热液型金矿;(3)成矿早期的韧性剪切构造形成于晚三叠世华北与扬子两大板块碰撞拼合的造山作用,主成矿期次拆离滑脱构造活动则为板内演化阶段由伸展塌陷造成的差异隆起所致。     

Pan-African high pressure granulites from SE-Kenya: Petrological and geothermobarometric evidence for a polycyclic evolution in the Mozambique belt

Two different Pan-African tectono-metamorphic events are recognised in the Taita Hill Tsavo East National Park/Galana river area, SE-Kenya (Mozambique belt) based on petrographic and geothermobarometric evidence. Structurally, this area can be subdivided into four units: (1) the easternmost part of the basement along the Galana river is characterized by subhorizontal slightly to the west and east dipping foliation planes. Migmatic paragneisses with intercalated marbles, calcsilicates and metapelites and bands of amphibolites are the dominant rock type. (2) The western part of the Galana river within the Tsavo East National Park is a ca. 25 km wide shear zone with subvertical foliation planes. The eastern part shows similar rocks as observed in unit 1, while towards west, metasedimentary units become rare and the main rock types are tonalitic gneisses with intercalated amphibolites. (3) A 10 km wide zone (Sagala Hills zone) between the strike slip zone (unit 2) and the Taita Hills (unit 4) is developed. This zone is characterized by elongated and folded felsic migmatic amphibole and garnet bearing orthogneiss bodies with intercalated bands of mafic rocks. (4) The Taita Hills are a slightly to the N dipping nappe stack. The main rock type in the Taita Hills are amphibole–biotite–plagioclase–quartz ± garnet ± clinopyroxene ± scapolite bearing migmatic gneisses with mafic bands. In the southern part, metapelites, marbles and some amphibolites are common.Although the geological structures are different in units 1 and 2, the calculated PT conditions are similar with peak PT of 760–820 °C and 7.5–9.5 kbar. Temperatures in unit 3 (Sagalla Hills zone) and unit 4 (Taita Hills) are slightly higher ca. 760–840 °C, but pressure is significantly higher, ranging from 10 to 12 kbar. Sillimanite growth around kyanite, garnet zonation pattern, mineral reaction textures, and PT calculations constrain a “clock-wise” PT-path with near isobaric cooling following the peak of metamorphism. The different PT conditions, tectonic setting, and a different age of metamorphism are evidence that units 1 and 2 (Galana river) belong to a different tectono-metamorphic event than unit 3 (Sagala Hills zone) and 4 (Taita Hills). The major shear zone (unit 2) marks a tectonic suture dividing the two different tectono-metamorphic domains. It is also likely that it played an important role during exhumation of the granulite facies rocks from units 3 and 4.     

东昆仑东段纳赤台岩群变沉积岩地球化学特征及构造意义

东昆仑东段出露的下古生界纳赤台岩群为一套变沉积－火山岩系,是该地区早古生代构造演化的重要物质记录。岩石学及地球化学特征表明,纳赤台岩群变沉积岩主要岩石类型有绢云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、长石石英片岩和绿泥绢云片岩,局部夹有少量大理岩、片麻岩和石英岩,其原岩主要为砂岩、杂砂岩及少量泥质岩。岩石具较高的SiO₂(平均为69.82%)、Sr(平均为559.60×10^-6)、Ba(平均为194.68×10^-6)含量,微量元素含量与大陆上地壳丰度很相近,轻重稀土分异明显、轻稀土富集而重稀土亏损、有明显的负Eu异常,反映出源区的物质成分主要为长英质,来源于上地壳,很少有地幔物质的加入。化学蚀变指数为49.70~75.95、成分变异指数为1.32~2.01,表明物源区风化程度较低,处于寒冷、半干旱的气候区,是活动构造带的首次沉积。变沉积岩形成于活动大陆边缘－大陆岛弧环境,与共生的变火山岩地球化学特征所指示的构造环境一致,共同记录了早古生代原特提斯洋向北俯冲导致东昆仑地区拉张形成弧后小洋盆的地质过程,进一步证实东昆南构造带的早古生代板块体制应该属于活动大陆边缘。     

冈底斯斑岩铜矿（化）带：西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带？

通过广泛的野外地质调查和岩石地球化学,矿床学,Re-Os同位素,硫、铅同位素的综合研究,首次比较系统地论述了雅鲁藏布江北侧冈底斯斑岩型铜矿带含矿斑岩的岩石地球化学特征和矿床的蚀变矿化特征,查明了矿化时代和成矿物质来源,阐明了该带铜 (钼、金) 多金属成矿作用与冈底斯碰撞造山带发展演化的关系.并通过与玉龙斑岩铜矿带的简要对比,指出位于雅鲁藏布江北侧的冈底斯斑岩铜矿带完全有可能成为西藏的第二条“玉龙” 铜矿带,具有形成世界级铜矿带的巨大潜力.研究表明,冈底斯斑岩铜矿带含矿斑岩属钾玄岩至高钾钙碱性岩系.地球化学上以富集大离子不相容元素 Rb、Ba、Th、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和重稀土元素 Yb为特点;稀土元素则为轻、重稀土分馏明显的平滑右倾型式. 矿床具有自斑岩体向外由钾化→绢英岩化→青盘岩化的蚀变分带;矿化以岩浆期后阶段形成的脉状、网脉状和细脉浸染状矿体为主,矿石矿物组合简单.含矿斑岩和硫化物具有一致的硫、铅同位素组成,硫同位素具幔源特征,铅同位素显示造山带铅特点.由南木矿区5个辉钼矿样品得出了t=(14.6±0.20)Ma的Re-Os等时线年龄,说明成矿时代与斑岩体的侵入时代 (20～14 Ma) 是一致的.     

长江中下游成矿带地质与矿产研究进展

长江中下游成矿带是我国重要成矿带之一,矿产资源开发利用历史悠久.自20世纪20年代至今,国内外学者在该地区开展了广泛深入研究工作,取得了丰硕的研究成果,并发表了大量科学研究论文和50余部专著.据统计,1959年～2012年间在公开发行的中文地质学期刊中,有关长江中下游地区的学术论文共888篇;1990年～2012年间公开发表的SCI检索论文中该区有185篇.这些论文中涉及矿床学方面的研究最多,约占论文总数的一半.成矿带内,铜陵矿集区研究程度最高,发表的相关论文数量也最多.有关成矿带的论文发表数量总体趋势逐年增加,在20世纪90年代初和2010～2012年出现两个研究高峰,反映了长江中下游成矿带近年来仍然是我国地质学研究的热点地区之一.近年来,长江中下游成矿带的地质找矿和科学研究均取得了重要进展,地质与矿产研究主要集中在以下几方面:(1)中生代构造转换与成岩成矿的地球动力学背景;(2)岩浆作用与深部过程;(3)成矿系统及其演化;(4)成矿潜力.本专辑收录的26篇论文基本反映了当前长江中下游成矿带及邻区的最新研究进展,所报道的大量地质学新观察、矿床学和岩石学研究、元素和同位素地球化学数据、同位素年代学特别是高精度锆石U-Pb年龄等对深入进一步探讨长江中下游成矿带形成与演化具有重要参考价值,对于推动成矿带基础理论研究和指导找矿勘探均有重要意义.