藏北南羌塘陆块北缘毕洛错地区古近纪纳丁错组 火山岩的特征及构造环境

藏北南羌塘陆块北缘毕洛错地区古近纪纳丁错组火山岩由灰色安粗岩、深灰色安粗岩、深灰色杏仁状橄榄玄武岩（气孔发育,气孔充填物为石英、方解石等,致使杏仁状橄榄玄武岩岩石化学定名偏中性,故采用镜下定名）组成。其中,安粗岩的SiO2含量介于60．80％-61．83％之间,Al2O3含量介于16.30％-17．22％之间,Na2O／K2O〉1,MgO含量介于0．49％-1．42％之间。岩石轻稀土元素较富集,∑Ce／∑Y介于8．20-9．60之间,δEu介于0．70-0．91之间,呈弱负异常。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,纳丁错组火山岩形成于板内裂谷构造环境,其岩浆可能来自壳幔过渡带的部分熔融的物质,并与张性深断裂有关。根据样品K—Ar同位素年龄值32．60Ma．确定该火山岩的地质时代为古近纪。     

Evolution of the commercial blocks in ancient Beijing city from the street network perspective

The synergistic relationship between urban functions and street networks has always been a focus in the field of urban research and practice. From the perspective of street networks, by adopting space syntax, this study analyzed the deep structural characteristics and potential evolution rules of commercial blocks attached to street networks in different periods, as well as the corresponding economic, political, and cultural characteristics of ancient Beijing city over the past 800 years. By combining these with changes in the street network, we further explained the function mechanism of layout and level adjustment in commercial blocks, and the influence of the street network on commercial blocks in the process of historical change. The main conclusions included the following: (1) The urban centripetal-centrifugal siphon effect: the layout form, topological structure, and traffic mode changes in the street network had corresponding guidance for the layout and hierarchical system of commercial blocks, while the centripetal development of the street network could guide the agglomeration effect of commercial blocks, although centrifugal development caused commercial blocks to display outward evacuation. (2) Stage transformation from mutation node to smooth development: the layout of commercial blocks came to depend on the ability to cross the commuting flow center, which originally relied on the accessibility of transportation nodes as local centers. Changes in traffic modes mainly affected the adjustment of the first-level commercial blocks, which easily led to overall layout mutation. Traffic levels have an obvious positive hierarchical relation with the second- and third-level commercial blocks. (3) The adaptation of traditional commercial blocks to the needs of a modern city: affected by the different emerging times and unevenness of the original commercial foundation, commercial blocks have formed various developmental models that meet the needs of modernization, and reach a balance between cultural continuity and functional adaptation.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of the geographical centroids for three major crops in China from 1949 to 2014

Spatial distribution changes in major crops can reveal important information about cropping systems. Here, a new centroid method that applies physics and mathematics to spatial pattern analysis in agriculture is proposed to quantitatively describe the historical centroids of rice, maize and wheat in China from 1949 to 2014. The geographical centroids of the rice area moved 413.39 km in a 34.32° northeasterly (latitude 3.08°N, longitude 2.10°E) direction at a speed of 6.36 km/year from central Hunan province to Hubei province, while the geographical centroids of rice production moved 509.26 km in the direction of 45.44° northeasterly (latitude 3.22°N, longitude 3.27°E) at a speed of 7.83 km/year from central Hunan province to Henan province. The geographical centroids of the maize area and production moved 307.15 km in the direction of 34.33° northeasterly (latitude 2.29°N, longitude 1.56°E) and 308.16 km in the direction of 30.79° northeasterly (latitude 2.39°N, longitude 1.42°E), respectively. However, the geographical centroids of the wheat area and production were randomly distributed along the border of Shanxi and Henan provinces. We divided the wheat into spring wheat and winter wheat and found that the geographical centroids of the spring wheat area and production were distributed within Inner Mongolia, while the geographical centroids of winter wheat were distributed in Shanxi and Henan provinces. We found that the hotspots of crop cultivation area and production do not always change concordantly at a larger, regional scale, suggesting that the changing amplitude and rate of each crops’ yield differ between different regions in China. Thus, relevant adaptation measures should be taken at a regional level to prevent production damage in those with increasing area but decreasing production.     

融合多源大数据的武汉城市空置区域评估与分析

在城市不断发展与扩展的同时,许多建成区可能会出现空置,表现为人口、企业稀少,生产水平严重低下,对城市空置区域的评估能够反映当前城市内部各区域发展状况,能够作为城市改造更新的依据。本文提出了一个以空置指数来量化评估城市内部层面空置现象,并对其影响因素进行探究的方法。根据“空城”的外在特征：建筑水平与社会活动水平,空置指数通过较高分辨率夜光遥感影像（Luojia1-01）和土地覆盖信息得到;同时依据城市空间活力营造原则,通过社会感知数据与路网数据量化产生空置现象的内在影响因素;并通过随机森林模型对空置指数精细化以及对影响因素重要性排序。以武汉市城区为例,用该方法对空置指数可视化,可识别出空置现象严重的区域,主要为老旧城区、工厂库房、单一功能的公共设施区域等,同时道路的可达性与人流密度对空置现象影响较大,且建立的随机森林模型精度 R^2 可达84.6%,对空置指数通过随机森林拟合后,其可视化分辨率由130 m优化至25 m。本研究结果可为城市中空置现象的改进提供依据。     

苏北-胶南构造混杂岩带的地质特征和岩性地层柱

本文简要介绍了产于华北板块与扬子板块碰撞带范围内的苏北-胶南构造混杂岩带的地质构造背景,并系统地研究滑移介质、中-浅源和深源构造块的基本特征。在深源构造岩块的研究基础上建立了壳幔过渡带至上地幔段的岩性地层柱,对上地幔可能存在的地质作用类型进行了探讨     

敦煌地块三危山地区花岗岩体地球化学、锆石U Pb定年及Hf同位素特征

敦煌地块主要由前寒武纪TTG片麻岩和变质表壳岩组成,并且出露有大量古生代花岗岩,对这些花岗岩的研究工作可以更深入地了解敦煌地块的构造演化及地球动力学意义。本文对三危山地区的党河水库花岗岩体和沙枣园花岗岩体进行了岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的研究。研究结果表明:1党河水库岩体侵位时代为461.7~438.1Ma,沙枣园岩体的岩石组合为中粒二长花岗岩-细粒二长花岗岩,形成时代为457~433.9Ma,均属早古生代时期产物。2党河水库岩体为I型花岗岩,ε_(Hf)(t)为-5.5到+2,t_(DM2)为1.3~1.7Ga。结合地球化学特征,判断其源岩为中元古代古老地壳为主,同时含部分新生地壳成分的(变)基性岩。沙枣园岩体为S型花岗岩,ε_(Hf)(t)为-8.6到-0.9,t_(DM2)为1.5~1.9Ga,其源岩为富长石贫黏土的(变)杂砂岩,源岩时代为古元古代晚期至中元古代早期。3两个花岗岩体的残留相同样为石榴石、角闪石和斜长石为主的麻粒岩,并且部分源岩可能与Columbia超大陆的聚合和裂解有关。4党河水库岩体和沙枣园岩体均属造山带花岗岩,因此敦煌地块内的早古生代造山活动可提前至461.7Ma,并且结束时间晚于中央造山带。而敦煌地块造山活动时限和花岗岩的时空分布与北侧的天山-北山造山带具有较强的对应关系。推测敦煌地块在早古生代期间卷入了中亚造山带的造山活动中,未受或只是早期受到南侧的中央造山带影响。     

旋转多基线摄影光束法平差法方程矩阵带宽优化

提出了一种对近景旋转多基线摄影影像进行重新排序编号从而优化光束法区域网平差法方程系数矩阵带宽的方法。首先,根据影像间的相互联系及其地面覆盖范围,计算每张影像的等效摄站位置;然后根据等效摄站间的坐标关系对其进行重新排序编号,得到各影像的逻辑顺序;最后借助影像的逻辑顺序求解平差法方程系数矩阵实际带宽值。试验结果表明,通过上述方法求出的带宽相对于按照影像原始摄影编号计算出的带宽值有很大改进,一定程度上提升了近景旋转多基线摄影实际应用中计算机的运算效率,减少了平差运算对计算机内存的消耗。     

陀螺灵敏部运动轨迹参数测定

高精度悬挂式陀螺仪在研制、生产和调试中仍存在无法精确测定和调整陀螺惯性灵敏部静平衡残余量的问题,研究发现含有静平衡残余量和静平衡状态良好的陀螺运动轨迹存在明显的差异,因此精确测定陀螺灵敏部运动轨迹参数可为精确测定陀螺灵敏部静平衡残余量提供有效途径。文中研制利用激光、高清相机、显微放大镜头等部件,结合计算机视觉和图像处理等方法,采用质心跟踪的方式精确测定陀螺灵敏部摆动(未启动马达)轨迹的装置;利用最小二乘方法拟合陀螺摆动轨迹,推导求取陀螺摆动周期、振幅、衰减系数、摆动中心、抖动振幅等参数的方法。最后用文中装置测定JT15陀螺悬挂系统在未启动马达下的运动轨迹参数,验证装置与方法的有效性。     

控制点分布对航摄仪区域网平差精度的影响

针对推扫式航摄仪在测图中应用越来越广,大比例尺测图需要利用地面控制点辅助建立精确的空三模型,但目前对推扫式影像的地面控制点布设方案的研究较少的问题,该文针对ADS80航摄仪的影像数据,设计了7类控制点布设方案,并利用九参数平差模型对各布设方案进行了平差解算,获得了各布设方案下的区域网平差精度。在此基础上分析了不同控制点布设方案对平差精度的影响,探讨了针对推扫式航摄仪地面控制点的最优化布设方案,并针对外业控制点的布设提出了一些建议,以供参考。     

基于PCI-GXL系统对多源遥感影像区域网纠正精度的研究

基于PCI-GXL软件平台,针对多源多时相的遥感影像进行区域网纠正,利用控制点数量位置的变化,研究区域网精度的变化情况,同时,利用PCI-GXL软件的内部精准算法,使用遥感影像的高精度RPC参数恢复卫星影像的空间姿态,检验区域网内的连接点对整个区域网的稳定和定位精度起到的作用。本文针对连接点的变化进行了试验分析,在整个区域网中去掉高定位精度的遥感影像,查看整个区域网的精度变化。通过对实验数据精度的分析评价,进一步验证了PCI-GXL系统在区域网纠正时,可以充分地利用高定位精度影像连接点的控制作用,提高整个区域网的精度。今后在遥感影像的区域网纠正时,可以充分的利用已有的影像源作为控制来源,减少外业控制点的需求,避免过多外业控制点的实测工作,提高了遥感影像生产的高效性。