一次沙尘过程对天津气溶胶浓度分布的影响

利用气溶胶质量浓度和数浓度监测资料以及不同高度的常规气象资料,结合后向轨迹模式,分析2011年4月30日至5月1日一次沙尘天气过程对天津城区气溶胶浓度的影响。结果表明：沙尘过程前的轻雾天气下PM1贡献了气溶胶质量浓度的96%和数浓度的99.9%以上;本次沙尘天气存在两个不同的浮尘过程,主要区别体现在细粒子浓度差异上,第一次浮尘过程PM1~2.5、PM2.5~10和PM10~100分别占气溶胶数浓度的6.5%、2.5%和0.1%,第二次浮尘过程占比则依次为11.3%、2.6%和0.01%;两次浮尘过程气溶胶粒子性质有明显差异,第一次浮尘过程中粗粒子浓度占PM10的80%以上,第二次浮尘过程风向转变为偏北风,细粒子浓度增高至40%,气溶胶由单纯的沙尘气溶胶转变为沙尘-污染气溶胶。     

玉树地震前不同空间范围内地震活动分布特征研究

北京时间2010年4月14日7时49分青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震。 本文利用Kolmogorow-Smirnov分布检验法, 对玉树地区不同空间范围内1995—2010年小震月频次分布进行了检验, 得到玉树周边地区不同空间范围内小震月频次不服从正态分布和泊松分布, 并根据峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等统计参数, 对玉树周边不同空间范围内小震活动分布特征的时间变化进行了进一步分析。 结果显示, 在玉树地震前, 不同空间范围内小震月频次的峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等均表现出明显的异常变化。     

Applying local Green's functions to study the influence of the crustal structure on hydrological loading displacements

The influence of the elastic Earth properties on seasonal or shorter periodic surface deformations due to atmospheric surface pressure and terrestrial water storage variations is usually modeled by applying a local half-space model or an one dimensional spherical Earth model like PREM from which a unique set of elastic load Love numbers, or alternatively, elastic Green's functions are derived. The first model is valid only if load and observer almost coincide, the second model considers only the response of an average Earth structure. However, for surface loads with horizontal scales less than 2500 km², as for instance, for strong localized hydrological signals associated with heavy precipitation events and river floods, the Earth elastic response becomes very sensitive to inhomogeneities in the Earth crustal structure.We derive a set of local Green's functions defined globally on a 1° × 1° grid for the 3-layer crustal structure TEA12. Local Green's functions show standard deviations of ±12% in the vertical and ±21% in the horizontal directions for distances in the range from 0.1° to 0.5°. By means of Green's function scatter plots, we analyze the dependence of the load response to various crustal rocks and layer thicknesses. The application of local Green's functions instead of a mean global Green's function introduces a variability of 0.5–1.0 mm into the hydrological loading displacements, both in vertical and in horizontal directions. Maximum changes due to the local crustal structures are from −25% to +26% in the vertical and −91% to +55% in the horizontal displacements. In addition, the horizontal displacement can change its direction significantly. The lateral deviations in surface deformation due to local crustal elastic properties are found to be much larger than the differences between various commonly used one-dimensional Earth models.     

Parametric studies of disturbed rock slope stability based on finite element limit analysis methods

This study employs the finite element upper bound and lower bound limit analysis methods to investigate the stability of inhomogeneous rock slopes. The differences in the stability numbers of the upper and lower bound solutions are bracketed within ±10.5% or better, and the stability numbers obtained are presented in rock slope stability charts. These stability charts can provide a convenient tool for preliminary stability designs of inhomogeneous rock slopes. Various recommended blasting damage zones are considered, and disturbance factors are used to represent damage levels. Results showed that rock mass disturbance could significantly influence the evaluation of rock slope stability.     

新疆哈巴河县托库孜巴依金矿床26号矿脉盲矿预测的构造叠加晕实用模式

根据新疆哈巴河县托库孜巴依金矿床的地质特征及成矿规律,对矿床的26号脉及主要围岩进行了系统采样和多元素分析,结合矿区地球化学背景确定了各元素的分带标准;通过对26号矿脉(体)的地球化学特征及构造叠加晕特征研究,总结出金矿(体)单一次成矿的原生晕轴向分带,对矿体不同成矿阶段形成的晕在空间上的叠加形态进行了识别,建立了矿体形成的构造叠加晕实用模式(包括成矿构造叠加晕模式、预测标志及分带标准),利用该实用模式对矿脉深部以及外围进行找矿预测,提出了找矿预测靶位。     

求解制图区域的地图图幅编号的算法研究

基于地理格网理论,从点、线、面三个方面,提出了归原法、斜率分段-同异侧判别法和投影反算-图廓内外判别法,这些算法可准确映射各种投影后制图区域所对应的基础地理信息数据范围,实现了制图范围内地理信息数据所属地图图幅编号的可视化查询。     

Statistical study on great geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 23

Characteristics of great geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 23 were statistically investigated. Firstly, we focused on the uniqueness of solar cycle 23 by analyzing both the great storm number and sunspot number from 1957 to 2008. It was found that the relationship between the sunspot number and great storm number weakened as the activity of the storms strengthened. There was no obvious relationship between the annual sunspot number and great storm number with Dstxi≤-300 nT. Secondly, we studied the relationship between the peak Dst and peak Bz in detail. It was found that the condition Bz≤-10 nT is not necessary for storms with Dst≤-100 nT, but seems necessary for storms with Dst≤-150 nT. The duration for Bz≤-10 nT has no direct relationship with the giant storm. The correlation coefficient between the Dst peak and Bz peak for the 89 storms studied is 0.81. After removing the effect of solar wind dynamic pressure on the Dst peak, we obtained a better correlation coefficient of 0.86. We also found the difference between the Dst peak and the corrected Dst peak was proportional to the Dst peak.     

Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover

A series of experiments for the incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover have been carried out in laboratory under different flow and boundary conditions.Measurements on flow velocities across the measuring cross-section at different water depths have been conducted.Based on these experiments under both ice-covered and open flow conditions,the impacts of solid boundary(such as ice cover and flume sidewall) on the distribution of flow velocity profiles have been discussed.The criteria for the inc...     

一种基于特征子空间的多用户盲分离算法

提出了一种基于特征子空间的多用户盲分离算法。算法首先估计出信号源的导向矢量,然后再利用ESB算法进行波束形成,解决了当存在多个用户时权值收敛于单一用户的问题,可以在不知道信号先验知识的情况下对来自不同方向上的独立信号进行有效的分离。算法不需要进行繁琐的Gram—Schmidt正交化处理,并且在盲分离信号的基础上还可以估计出信号的波达方向。计算机仿真结果表明,分离出来的信号与源信号的相关系数均大于0．99,证实了算法的有效性。     

Analysis of ground vibrations due to underground trains by 2.5D finite/infinite element approach

The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains. The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, are modeled by the finite elements, and the wave propagation properties of the far field extending to infinity are modeled by the infinite elements. One particular feature of the 2.5D approach is that it enables the computation of the three-dimensional response of the half-space, taking into account the load-moving effect, using only a two-dimensional profile. Although the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach shows a great advantage in studying the wave propagation caused by moving trains, attention should be given to the calculation aspects, such as the rules for mesh establishment, in order to avoid producing inaccurate or erroneous results. In this paper, some essential points for consideration in analysis are highlighted, along with techniques to enhance the speed of the calculations. All these observations should prove useful in making the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach an effective one.