结点虚流量法理论基础阐释及改进算法

含自由面的无压渗流问题本质上是一类非线性自由边值问题,固定网格的结点虚流量法在全域范围内不断扣除虚域流量贡献,从而使该问题得到求解。它具有网格依赖性小、出逸点收敛快等优点,但其内在理论基础尚未被完全揭示。通过引入互补型约束条件建立了结点虚流量法和Signorini型变分不等式提法的等价性桥梁,在此基础上引入过渡区放大系数 对自由面判别准则进行优化,并以砂槽模型试验为例进行验证。对比结果表明,优化后算法数值稳定性更好,计算结果与试验数据吻合度更高。研究成果为超大规模网格的渗控结构优化设计提供了有效分析手段。     

雄安新区D01井岩溶热储下伏太古界中热流测定研究

【研究目的】目前雄安新区范围内的热流数据多测自于新近系沉积盖层及白云岩地层,对岩溶热储下伏太古界的热流测定研究还鲜见报道,主要受限于以往的地热勘查开发层位主要在1800m以浅的蓟县系岩溶热储,揭露岩溶热储下伏太古界的钻孔稀少。2018年以来,在雄安新区牛驼镇地热田实施了D01深部地热参数井,揭穿了高于庄组岩溶热储,并揭露太古界厚度达1723.67m,给该地区岩溶热储下伏太古界的热流测定研究提供了条件。【研究方法】本文基于近稳态钻孔测温及岩心热导率测试,对D01井太古界进行了热流测定及分析。【研究结果】结果表明：D01井太古界呈显著的传导型地温特征,地温梯度为18.3℃/km,相比于新近系地温梯度48.6℃/km偏低。测得25块D01井太古界片麻岩岩心样品的热导率平均值为（2.41±0.40）W/(K·m)。根据钻孔测温数据及热导率测试,计算出D01井太古界2300～2700m深度的热流值为（44.1±7.0）mW/m²。同时,估算了D01井新近系400～800m深度段的热流值为84.6mW/m²,较太古界高出40.5mW/m²。【结论】分析认为D01井新近系较太古界高出热流主要为高孔渗岩溶白云岩层中地下水侧向热对流作用以及牛东断裂地下水垂向热对流作用共同所致。研究结果对前人提出的地下水运移聚热模式及导热断裂聚热模式提供了数据支撑,对雄安新区深部地热资源成因机制和太古界地温场研究具有重要意义。     

钱塘江强潮河段江道缩窄治理研究

对钱塘江强潮河段江道缩窄治理进行研究。首先,回顾治理方案的比选,江道全线缩窄时河轴线线路和河道宽度的确定原则,以及不同河段的指数放宽率。然后,介绍了在涌潮汹涌、滩涂淤坍变化剧烈的强潮河段,实施筑堤所采取的工程措施的步序与要点。最后,分析论证了大规模江道缩窄治理后河床、潮汐、洪水位及涌潮高度等特征值的变化。可供进一步深入理论研究和工程施工参考运用。     

Reflections on the history of research on large wood in rivers

Dynamics and functions of large wood have become integral considerations in the science and management of river systems. Study of large wood in rivers took place as monitoring of fish response to wooden structures placed in rivers in the central United States in the early 20th century, but did not begin in earnest until the 1970s. Research has increased in intensity and thematic scope ever since. A wide range of factors has prompted these research efforts, including basic understanding of stream systems, protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, and environmental hazards in mountain environments. Research and management have adopted perspectives from ecology, geomorphology, and engineering, using observational, experimental, and modelling approaches. Important advances have been made where practical information needs converge with institutional and science leadership capacities to undertake multi-pronged research programmes. Case studies include ecosystem research to inform regulations for forest management; storage and transport of large wood as a component in global carbon dynamics; and the role of wood transport in environmental hazards in mountain regions, including areas affected by severe landscape disturbances, such as volcanic eruptions. As the field of research has advanced, influences of large wood on river structures and processes have been merged with understanding of streamflow and sediment regimes, so river form and function are now viewed as involving the tripartite system of water, sediment, and wood. A growing community of researchers and river managers is extending understanding of large wood in rivers to climatic, forest, landform, and social contexts not previously investigated. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国地质灾害类型、分布及防治建议

本文提出了中国地质灾害的空间分类和成因分类系统,并根据13类常见的地质灾害组合类型进行了区划,基本上反映了我国高原、山地、内陆盆地、平原及滨海地区地质灾害的地带性和地区性分布规律,以小比例尺图显示了中国地质灾害的类型与分布。该图共划分为11个地质灾害区。在此基础上初步论述了1949—1990年间我国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流灾害的主要受灾地区和受灾损失。最后,根据当前形势,提出了减灾、防灾的对策意见和建议。     

Dynamic propagation criteria for catastrophic failure in planar landslides

Quantitative assessment of the risk of submarine landslides is an essential part of the design process for offshore oil and gas developments in deep water, beyond the continental shelf. Landslides may be triggered by a reduction in shear strength of subsea sediments over a given zone, caused for example by seismic activity. Simple criteria are then needed to identify critical conditions whereby the zone of weakness could grow catastrophically to cause a landslide. A number of such criteria have been developed over the last decade, based either on ideas drawn from fracture mechanics, or considering the equilibrium of the initial weakened zone and adjacent process zones of gradually softening material. Accounting for the history of the weak zone initiation is critical for derivation of reliable propagation criteria, in particular considering dynamic effects arising from accumulating kinetic energy of the failing material, which will allow the failure to propagate from a smaller initial zone of weakened sediments. Criteria are developed here for planar conditions, taking full account of such dynamic effects, which are shown to be capable of reducing the critical length of the softened zone by 20% or more compared with criteria based on static conditions. A numerical approach is used to solve the governing dynamic equations for the sliding material, the results from which justify assumptions that allow analytical criteria to be developed for the case where the initial softening occurs instantaneously. The effect of more gradual softening is also explored. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三峡库区巫山金鸡岭滑坡成因机制与变形特征

三峡库区新城区迁建多采用就地后靠方式,工程扰动叠加强降雨往往诱发滑坡失稳。基于重庆巫山江东小区金鸡岭滑坡,对其影响因素和成因机制进行探讨。工程扰动不仅是传统认为的后缘加载、前缘削脚作用,更重要的是坡体表层土方堆填阻断了滑坡体地表水泄流通道,使地表水向地下水转化。强降雨作用下滑坡体内地下水位明显升高,导致金鸡岭滑坡2018年8月1日前后发生较大变形。采取降水井抽排地下水等应急处置后,滑坡变形明显趋缓,可见工程扰动导致的地下水升高是该滑坡诱发的关键因素。数值模拟表明,工程扰动后稳定系数明显降低,对应堆填区渗流场变化明显,渗流加剧,孔隙水压力、水力梯度、总水头上升,结合达西定律与有效应力原理可知渗透力增加,抗剪强度削弱,诱发滑坡变形。     

张家沟滑坡治理工程及数值模拟

以青川张家沟滑坡为例,结合其工程地质条件和变形破坏特征,详细分析了其变形破坏原因和稳定性,提出了相应的治理工程措施,并运用FLAC^3D软件对滑坡治理前后进行数值模拟。结果表明：滑坡的形态特征、岩土体松散的结构特征是滑坡失稳的先决条件,而降雨引起的地质环境的改变是滑坡失稳的诱发因素,桩板墙+截排水工程为主的治理措施有效地控制了滑坡的进一步变形,确保了滑坡的稳定,数值模拟结果与滑坡的实际变形和治理效果相吻合。     

基于粗细网格的有限元并行分析方法

并行计算己成为求解大规模岩土工程问题的一种强大趋势。探讨了粗细网格与预处理共轭梯度法结合的并行有限元算法。从多重网格刚度矩阵推得有效的预处理子。该算法在工作站机群上实现。用地基处理时土体强夯的数值模拟分析进行了数值测试,对其并行性能进行了详细分析。计算结果表明：该算法具有良好的并行加速比和效率,是一种有效的并行算法。     

深圳市东水西调输水隧洞工程地震危险性分析

在前人对深圳地区地震烈度的鉴定和评价基础上,结合地震地质分析和地震危险性超越概率计算,确定深圳市东水西调输水工程以ZD₂与ZD₃之间近EW向一线为界,以北地震基本烈度定为Ⅵ度区,以南属于>Ⅵ度区,核定为Ⅶ度区。