Phylogenetic analysis of Pectinidae(Bivalvia) based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region

The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is a useful genomic region for understanding evolutionary and genetic relationships. In the current study, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) was performed using the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ITS region in nine species of this family. The sequences were obtained from the scallop species Argopecten irradians, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Amusium pleuronectes and Mimachlamys nobilis, and compared with the published sequences of Aequipecten opercularis, Chlamys farreri, C. distorta, M. varia, Pecten maximus, and an outgroup species Perna viridis. The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1, ITS2, or their combination always yielded trees of similar topology. The results support the morphological classifications of bivalve and are nearly consistent with classification of two subfamilies (Chlamydinae and Pectininae) formulated by Waller. However, A. irradians, together with A. opercularis made up of genera Amusium, evidences that they may belong to the subfamily Pectinidae. The data are incompatible with the conclusion of Waller who placed them in Chlamydinae by morphological characteristics. These results provide new insights into the evolutionary relationships among scallop species and contribute to the improvement of existing classification systems.     

藏北安多地区侏罗纪菊石动物群及其古地理意义

藏北安多地区新发现2套以黑色页岩、深灰色钙质泥岩和泥灰岩为主的舍菊石化石的侏罗纪地层，它们与羌塘地区广泛分布的雁石坪群无论在化石组合或沉积特征方面都明显不同．岗尼乡剖面地层中产太阳菊石科的菊石，主要有Sonninia，Dorsetensia，Witchellia等。、这套地层是双湖地区色哇组的东延部分，时代确定为中侏罗世早中巴柔期114道班剖面中羌姆勒曲组的菊石化石大多归属于Virgatosphinctinae科，计有Aulacosphinctes、Virgatosphinctes等，均为上侏罗统菊石化石的典型分子，产出层位应归于提塘阶中、上部。藏北安多-改则以北一线的侏罗系深水黑色岩系虽不十分连续，但从有化石证据的土阿辛阶到巴柔阶再到提塘阶都有零星出露，它们同属一个沉积相区。侏罗纪时羌塘南部可能存在一套大陆边缘型沉积地层，因此有必要对该区的构造属性和演化历史重新进行解释。     

中国兴蒙-吉黑地区岩石圈结构基本特征

为了提高大兴安岭地区晚中生代火山-沉积地层的区域对比性,通过大兴安岭地区1：100万地质编图工作,对大兴安岭地区晚中生代火山-沉积地层进行了重新厘定划分。依据岩石组合、地层关系、古生物化石组合,结合同位素测年数据,将大兴安岭地区晚中生代含Nestoria动物群的火山-沉积地层分别归属为白音高老组和梅勒图组,确认大兴安岭地区Nestoria动物群主要演化时代在127.6~141 Ma之间,与冀北大北沟组时代（137~133 Ma）相当,进一步细化了白音高老组（133~142 Ma）和梅勒图组（131~138 Ma）的形成时代。根据Nestoria动物群赋存层位和同位素测年数据,将原满克头鄂博组、木瑞组、上库力组、光华组中含Nestoria动物群的酸性火山-沉积地层厘定为白音高老组,原玛尼吐组含Nestoria动物群的中基酸性火山-沉积地层厘定为梅勒图组,依据地层上下关系对原填图单位进行了重新厘定,为进一步研究大兴安岭地区晚中生代火山活动提供了重要的证据。

     

甘肃新生代气候环境变化与哺乳动物群演替

甘肃省境内新生代沉积中富含动物化石,以早渐新世晚期、晚渐新世、早中新世早期、中中新世晚期、晩中新世、早更新世和晚更新世的哺乳动物化石最为丰富。新生代青藏高原形成、快速隆升,改变了东亚的大气环流和中国的地理格局,使甘肃的气候和地理面貌发生了巨变。甘肃省境内的哺乳动物群在这些变化背景下发生了一次次的更替。本文通过对不同时代的动物群所代表的生态特征分析和结合沉积物佐证,推测了甘肃新生代的气候环境演变过程: 古新世-早渐新世早期,海拔不高,气候炎热干燥,呈沙漠或干旱的荒漠环境; 早渐新世晚期-早中新世早期为半干旱半暖湿气候下的森林环境,间有开阔的草原地带; 中中新世晚期森林更加茂密,水体丰富,冬季风开始逐渐形成并不断发展; 晩中新世为炎热半干旱的稀树草原环境,古冬季风盛行; 上新世时变得越来越干冷; 第四纪开始,青藏高原的抬升活动愈发剧烈,甘肃的海拔高度越来越高,从早期的干冷到中间的短期暖湿反复变化,生物和地貌也随之巨变,适应干冷气候和荒漠草原环境的哺乳动物兴起。晚更新世时甘肃北部以干燥寒冷的草原为主,夹有大面积森林草原或荒漠草原,但此期间气候有波动,出现过温湿气候; 南部有茂密的森林,气候暖湿。晚更新世末,气候环境、地理和生物面貌已与现代相似。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区中二叠统腕足类动物群的特征和时代

额济纳旗及其邻区中二叠统产丰富的腕足动物群,该动物群具有北方冷水动物和特提斯暖水动物混生的特点,划分为Spiriferella-Kochiproductus-Yakovlevia 组合,称为“哲斯动物群”。在生物古地理分区上,该区为北方生物大区和特提斯生物大区之间的过渡带,称为中蒙生物省。动物群的组成、丰度和分异度等特征在银-额（银根-额济纳旗）盆地的东西部有明显的差异：盆地西部北山地区海水较浅,腕足动物群丰度高,分异度略低,以个体较大、壳体较厚的冷水分子占优势,共生少量的双壳类和珊瑚;东部杭乌拉地区海水略深,腕足动物群丰度稍低,分异度较高,含有大量的小个体腕足,共生冷水型珊瑚和丰富的海百合类,世界广布分子和暖水分子超过一半。说明该腕足动物群在受纬度和温度控制的同时,也受水体深度的影响,在同一海盆的不同环境中表现出不同的特点。通过对该动物群的起源、区域分布特点和共生生物的分析,认为额济纳旗及其邻区的哲斯动物群的时限为罗甸期—孤峰期。     

新疆—甘肃北山毗邻地区泥盆纪地层及腕足类动物群

新疆—甘肃北山北部地区指中蒙边界以南,红石山蛇绿混杂岩带以北地区,在1∶25万《红宝石幅》区调过程中,在该地区火山沉积地层中发现了丰富的腕足动物化石点几处,代表性属种有巨扭贝Megastrophia sp,大窗巅石燕Acrospirifer macrothyris Hall,小扭月贝(未定种)Stroph onella sp,疑问巅石燕Acrospirifer dubius Su,正形贝(未定种)Isorthis sp,刺无洞贝Nargunella sp.,模糊\"威尔逊贝\"\"Wilsoniella\"obscusa Xu,科贝丹巅石燕杂色亚种Acrospirifer cobedanus varius Kaplun,北方中窦维尔贝Mesodouvillina borealis Su,标准神房贝Latonotoechia cf.latona(Barrande),广西始舒克贝Eoschuchertella guangxiensis Wanglet Rong。时代属早泥盆世中晚期。该腕足类化石的发现对于确定北山北部地区火山沉积地层的时代提供了古生物学证据,对恢复哈萨克斯坦板块南缘晚古生代地史演化具有重要意义。     

Stratigraphy of the Triassic?Jurassic Boundary Successions of the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, Northwestern China

The Triassic?Jurassic (Tr?J) boundary marks a major extinction event, which (~200 Ma) resulted in global extinctions of fauna and flora both in the marine and terrestrial realms. There prevail great challenges in determining the exact location of the terrestrial Tr?J boundary, because of endemism of taxa and the scarcity of fossils in terrestrial settings leading to difficulties in linking marine and terrestrial sedimentary successions. Investigation based on palynology and bivalves has been carried out over a 1113 m thick section, which is subdivided into 132 beds, along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of the northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. The terrestrial Lower Jurassic is conformably resting on the Upper Triassic strata. The Upper Triassic covers the Huangshanjie Formation overlaid by the Haojiagou Formation, while the Lower Jurassic comprises the Badaowan Formation followed by the Sangonghe Formation. Fifty six pollen and spore taxa and one algal taxon were identified from the sediments. Based on the key-species and abundance of spores and pollen, three zones were erected: the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Aratrisporites?Alisporites Assemblage, the Early Jurassic (Hettangian) Perinopollenites?Pinuspollenites Assemblage, and the Sinemurian Perinopollenites?Cycadopites Assemblage. The Tr?J boundary is placed between bed 44 and 45 coincident with the boundary between the Haojiagou and Badaowan formations. Beds with Ferganoconcha (?), Unio?Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna?Yananoconcha bivalve assemblages are recognized. The Ferganoconcha (?) bed is limited to the upper Haojiagou Formation, Unio?Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna?Yananoconcha assemblages are present in the middle and upper members of the Badaowan Formation. The sedimentary succession is interpreted as terrestrial with two mainly lake deposit intervals within Haojiagou and Badaowan formations, yielding fresh water algae and bivalves. However, the presence of brackish water algae Tasmanites and the marine?littoral facies bivalve Waagenoperna from the Badaowan Formation indicate that the Junggar Basin was influenced by sea water caused by transgressions from the northern Tethys, during the Sinemurian.     

湘赣粤地区晚三叠世双壳类研究(一)

滇西云县—景洪一带广泛分布的火山-沉积地层不仅是南澜沧江构造带的重要组成部分,同时也赋存着丰富的铜(银)矿,其划分对比一度存在争议,制约了对南澜沧江构造带演化和铜矿成矿地质背景的认识。在景谷县就康剖面下部晶屑凝灰岩中,获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为237.9±1.1 Ma,在剖面上部首次采获了大量晚三叠世双壳化石,包括7个属,16种,可以建立Cardium- Schafhaeutlia- Unionites? 组合,时代为卡尼中期—瑞替期,可与黔西南、滇东南、桂北相应时期的双壳类序列进行对比。综合晶屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄和双壳化石生物地层学证据,将该套地层对比为芒汇河组,时代主体为晚三叠世,并非前人认为的早侏罗世。研究结果不仅对认识存在长期争议的南澜沧江带火山-地层时代、划分和区域对比具有重要意义,还可以为探讨南澜沧江带构造演化与铜矿成矿地质背景研究提供新资料。

     

双壳贝类CK1基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

酪蛋白激酶1 (CK1)是一种重要的蛋白激酶家族,其在DNA损伤应答和修复、细胞增殖和凋亡、胚胎发育和稳态等重要的生物学过程中都具有复杂多样的调控作用。为了理解CK1基因家族在双壳贝类中的特征、进化及生物学功能,实验采用比较基因组学及生物信息学的方法对双壳贝类CK1基因家族进行了鉴定分析,通过虾夷扇贝高温应激实验,研究了CK1基因家族在高温应激时的表达规律。结果显示,在虾夷扇贝、栉孔扇贝、长牡蛎与侏儒蛤中均存在CK1α,CK1αlike,CK1δ,CK1γ3,并发现CK1ε,CK1γ1,CK1γ2在双壳贝类中发生了丢失。时空表达分析发现,双壳贝类CK1基因均在胚胎发育早期集中表达,并以多细胞/囊胚期为界呈现出母源/合子特异性表达模式。CK1为关键基因的基因共表达模块显著富集在错配修复、核苷酸剪切修复等相关通路上,暗示了CK1基因在双壳贝类胚胎发育过程中参与调控DNA损伤修复过程,从而维持早期胚胎发育时的基因组稳定性。双壳贝类CK1基因在成体中呈现组织特异的表达模式,主要在鳃和雄性性腺中具有相对较高的表达量。虾夷扇贝受到高温应激后,其鳃中PyCK1α, PyCK1αlike和PyCK1δ...