嵌岩扩底灌注桩及MRR型基岩扩底钻头

简要介绍了国内外扩底技术现状、扩底灌注桩的特点、ＭＲＲ型基岩扩底钻头的结构衣技术参数，结合工程实例对ＭＲＲ１０００钻头的使用效果进行了分析。     

ROCESSES OF EPHEMERAL GULLY EROSION

IINTRoDUCTIONEphemeralgulliesaresmallerosionalchannelsonagriculturalIandscapescausedbytheconcentrationofoverlandflowtypicallybetweentwoopposingslopes(ahollow),oftenformedduringasingIerainfaIlevent.Sincethescouredsoilvolumeisnotverylargewithinthesegullies,farmerscaneasilyrefillthem.Ingeneral,ephemeralgulliescanreappearatornearthesamelocationonayearlybasisbecausethesurfacetopograPhyofthefielddoesnotchangeappreciably.Mostephemeralgulliesoccuroncultivatedfieldswithhighlyerodiblesoils,withlit…     

循环动荷载下下伏空洞路面塌陷的模型试验研究

在循环动荷载作用下,地下空洞会逐步发展成为路面塌陷。针对此问题,本文建立了模拟路面塌陷发生发展全过程的模型试验。试验结果表明,随着动荷载值的减小,土体所能承受的极限振动循环次数呈指数型增加。而当地下存在一定尺寸的地下空洞时,即使动荷载值较小,在足够多次数的振动循环作用后,也有可能引发路面塌陷。最大粒径较大、不均匀系数较高土体的静力稳定性较强,体现在其能承受的极限静荷载较大;但其动力稳定性较弱,体现在其能承受的极限振动循环次数较少。反之,最大粒径较小、不均匀系数较小土体的静力稳定性较弱,而动力稳定性较强。地下空洞上覆土层厚度越大,则其静力、动力稳定性均较强。同时,循环动荷载作用下地表沉降与土体裂缝的发展呈现出三阶段规律。阶段1为初始固结沉降阶段,持续时间较短,土体受到振动压密作用,地表发生整体沉降,土体裂缝未见明显发展;阶段2为等速沉降阶段,持续时间较长,中心土体受到振动剪切作用,地表中心沉降与土体裂缝随时间呈等速发展;阶段3为加速沉降阶段,持续时间最短,中心土体受到振动破坏作用,地表中心沉降与土体裂缝快速发展直至发生塌陷。     

Experimental Research on the Load／Unload Response Ratio （LURR） Theory

Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.     

关于水泥土搅拌桩复合地基载荷试验的探讨

通过试验结果的对比,讨论了地基土含水量变化对水泥土搅拌桩复合地基承载力的影响,建议采用＂10 mm厚的水泥砂浆对整个试验场地进行封闭保护＂来减低其影响。通过2个典型试验场地试验结果的对比分析,讨论了按现行规范规定确定复合地基承载力特征值可能存在的问题;建议进行破坏性试验,先定极限荷载,然后再根据＂先评价复合地基均匀性、再根据安全系数确定承载力＂的原则确定复合地基的承载力。     

船底运动小直径圆柱受力扰曲分析

从工程应用出发,构造了一类固定在船底的运动小直径圆柱模型,利用线性波理论和修正的Morison公式对圆柱在水中的受力、扰曲进行了理论分析,并对结果进行仿真。仿真结果与经验数据吻合,具有工程参考价值。     

工程降水对钻孔应变的干扰特征及干扰机制研究

抽水干扰在钻孔应变观测中常见且影响显著, 为了能真实捕捉到地震前兆信息, 须对其干扰机制进行研究.随着城市化进程, 基坑工程及其伴随的工程降水逐步增多, 工程降水对钻孔应变的干扰比普通单井抽水干扰更为严重.工程降水对钻孔应变观测有何干扰特征、干扰机制如何、干扰数据能否修复等问题对地震异常的探测具有重要意义.本文基于莱阳体应变受到附近御龙湾项目工程降水干扰的观测案例, 研究了工程降水的干扰特征, 修复了干扰畸变, 通过数值模拟确定了干扰机制.结果表明: (1)工程降水在干扰体应变趋势变化的基础上叠加了方向明确、量级稳定的固体潮畸变, 可以通过一阶差分逆运算进行修复.修复固体潮畸变并扣除背景速率后, 工程降水干扰量级达-15.65×10-9/d; (2)通过建立基于集中载荷模型的网格算法, 模拟出工程降水在体应变异常初期和后期分别产生6.61×109 N和1.73×1010 N的集中力载荷, 干扰量级明显大于常见的单井抽水干扰, 压性干扰集中于体应变仪与抽水井连线的垂直方向; (3)通过固体潮畸变特征及力学机制分析确定了工程降水造成固体潮畸变的干扰机制为"抽水引起压性趋势下降—抽水暂停引起张性台阶上升—抽水引起压性趋势下降"周期行为, 固体潮畸变时间间隔(频次)和钻孔水位之间呈显著同步特征, 线性系数为0.737.     

湖南沅陵官庄金矿大斜度钻孔施工工艺

根据沅陵官庄金矿区施工钻孔要求斜度大（最小45°）、矿区岩层岩性复杂、钻进中常遇10-70 m厚破碎带、有较大漏失现象、掉块比较严重、有时有轻微坍塌等情况,有针对性地进行钻头选用、施工工艺选择,并对泥浆配置技术、配制工艺进行研究应用,有效地减少了孔内事故的发生,满足了岩（矿）心采取率要求,大大提高了台月效率。     

Estimation of extreme floods of the River Meuse using a stochastic weather generator and a rainfall–runoff model / Estimation des crues extrêmes de la Meuse à l'aide d'un générateur stochastique de variables météorologiques et d'un modèle pluie–débit

Abstract

A stochastic weather generator has been developed to simulate long daily sequences of areal rainfall and station temperature for the Belgian and French sub-basins of the River Meuse. The weather generator is based on the principle of nearest-neighbour resampling. In this method rainfall and temperature data are sampled simultaneously from multiple historical records with replacement such that the temporal and spatial correlations are well preserved. Particular emphasis is given to the use of a small number of long station records in the resampling algorithm. The distribution of the 10-day winter maxima of basin-average rainfall is quite well reproduced. The generated sequences were used as input for hydrological simulations with the semi-distributed HBV rainfall–runoff model. Though this model is capable of reproducing the flood peaks of December 1993 and January 1995, it tends to underestimate the less extreme daily peak discharges. This underestimation does not show up in the 10-day average discharges. The hydrological simulations with the generated daily rainfall and temperature data reproduce the distribution of the winter maxima of the 10-day average discharges well. Resampling based on long station records leads to lower rainfall and discharge extremes than resampling from the data over a shorter period for which areal rainfall was available.     

Incorporating groundwater recharge and discharge functions into an existing monthly rainfall–runoff model/Incorporation de fonctions de recharge et de vidange superficielle de nappes au sein d’un modèle pluie-débit mensuel existant

Abstract

Abstract There is an urgent need for an integrated surface water and groundwater modelling tool that is suitable for southern African conditions and can be applied at various basin scales for broad strategic water resource planning purposes. The paper describes two new components (recharge and groundwater discharge) that have been added to an existing monthly time-step rainfall–runoff model that is widely used in the southern African subcontinent. The new components are relatively simple, consistent with the existing model formulation, but based on accepted groundwater flow principles and well understood groundwater parameters. The application of the revised model on two basins in southern Africa with quite different baseflow characteristics has demonstrated that the new components have a great deal of potential, even if the improvement is only to be able to simulate the groundwater baseflow component of total runoff more explicitly. More comprehensive testing and comparison of the results with existing groundwater and geohydrological data is required, while some extensions to the new components need to be considered to ensure that the model can be considered applicable to a wide range of basin and climate types.