西藏冈底斯多金属成矿带斑岩铜矿定位预测与资源潜力评价

自1999年开展地质大调查以来,冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿研究取得了重大进展.本文在全面收集冈底斯成矿带地质、矿产和物化探资料基础上,建立了本区GIS平台上的资源预测评价系统.采用数理统计分析,确定了冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿定位预测的定量化标志35个,认为对斑岩铜矿预测影响比较重要的地质变量(因素权重>0.2)为花岗岩体(不限时代)、Cu、Mo、W、Au、Ag、Bi化探异常、Cu-Mo、Cu-Mo-Au、Cu-Au-Ag组合化探异常、矿床规模、重力场中低负异常场等.在此基础上,开展了工作区斑岩铜矿的定位预测,圈定了斑岩铜矿成矿远景区33处,计算结果与实际矿产分布和地质理论分析相吻合.采用面金属量法对冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿的资源潜力进行了估算,结果表明,冈底斯地区仍具有良好的斑岩铜矿找矿远景,1 000 m以浅的潜在铜资源量可达1亿吨以上.其中,驱龙-甲马-拉抗俄、松多雄、白容-冲江、松多握、吉如、达布、汤不拉、龙卡朗、崩不弄金矿、洞嘎、雄村、麦热-仁钦则、蒙哑啊东北、吹败子、岗达、沙让-亚贵拉、青龙-龙马拉、冲木达、洛麦南、拉屋找矿潜力较大.     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床深部斑岩矿体找矿突破及其意义

甲玛铜多金属矿是西藏冈底斯成矿带中东段勘查程度最高、成矿元素与矿体类型复杂的超大型斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床。通过4年多、近350 个钻孔的验证,不仅实现了矽卡岩矿体的找矿突破,同时在0-40线深部发现了产于二长花岗斑岩与石英闪长玢岩中的斑岩钼（铜）矿体,建立了“四位一体”的找矿勘查模式。斑岩矿体赋存标高一般处于4 600 m以下,矿体走向NW-SE,倾向NE,近直立,矿体垂向延伸大于350 m;斑岩矿石以发育细脉-浸染状、网脉状构造为特征;矿石中的矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿与辉钼矿,少见斑铜矿;脉石矿物主要为石英。初步查明:与铜矿化有关的含矿岩体主要为偏中性的石英闪长玢岩,蚀变以典型的细粒热液黑云母交代角闪石斑晶和基质而成的黑云母化蚀变为主;与钼矿化有关的含矿岩体主要为二长花岗斑岩,蚀变以硅化为主,次为绿帘石化、泥化和钾化。斑岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带常产出厚度超过200 m的巨厚矽卡岩矿体,且在岩体一侧有内矽卡岩产出。甲玛深部斑岩矿体的发现不仅证实了“斑岩-矽卡岩型”的矿床成因观点,而且完善了甲玛矿床成矿模式与勘查模型。     

云南澜沧老厂斑岩钼矿成岩成矿时代研究

2008年以来,滇西澜沧老厂矿区深部新发现巨厚斑岩型钼矿体,找矿取得重大突破。在对矿区矿化系统结构研究的基础上,应用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb法和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年法对成岩和成矿进行精确定年。结果表明：成矿花岗斑岩体的形成年龄为（44.6±1.1）Ma;辉钼矿Re Os等时线年龄为（43.78±0.78）Ma。证实矿区喜山期存在与隐伏花岗斑岩有关的大规模成矿作用,斑岩钼矿的成岩成矿期与滇西新生代岩浆作用高峰期吻合,老厂斑岩钼矿形成于陆内碰撞造山环境。     

内蒙古小东沟斑岩型钼矿床辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义

为了进一步查明小东沟斑岩型钼矿床的形成时间,对主要钼矿体6件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析,所获同位素等时线年龄为135.5±1.5Ma(2σ),其MSWD值为1.4。鉴于辉钼矿呈浸染状和团块状分布于斑状花岗岩株中,并且与石英和钾长石呈共生结构关系,可以推测小东沟地区钼矿床和斑状花岗岩株的形成时间均为早白垩纪,属燕山期构造-岩浆活动的产物。     

相山铀矿田横涧矿床的成因归属

横涧矿床位于相山火山-侵入杂岩体（相山铀矿田）的北部，是相山众多与花岗斑岩有关的铀矿床的典型代表，矿体主要产于横涧花岗斑岩体中，其外接触带粉砂岩、变质岩中也有矿体分布。矿体形态为脉状，是岩浆热液作用的产物，成矿前热液呈碱性，第一期成矿热液呈弱碱性，第二期成矿热液呈弱酸性，该花岗斑岩以往认为是潜火山岩，但潜火山岩本身概念太复杂，实际上不便运用，相山铀矿田边部的浅成一超浅成侵人体，与其说是潜花岗斑岩（潜英安斑岩）石油如说是花岗斑岩（英安斑岩）。横涧矿床是斑岩铀矿床。     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿区成矿斑岩的岩石地球化学特征与年代学

乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床位于国内重要的二连东乌旗钼矿成矿带中,为近几年新发现的斑岩型钼矿床.本次就该矿床成矿岩体的地球化学及其U-Pb年代学开展相关研究.结果表明: 矿区中的成矿岩体属过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列;富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具有与南岭型花岗岩相似的地球化学特征.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,与乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床成矿有关的花岗斑岩形成于中侏罗世((160 ± 1)Ma).因此,可推测乌和尔楚鲁图钼矿床斑岩型钼矿的成矿时代为燕山早期.综合研究认为乌和尔楚鲁图斑岩型钼矿床形成于后碰撞的构造环境.     

K-Ar Ages of Granitic Magmatism and Related Pegmatite Formation at the Umanotani-Shiroyama Mine, Shimane Prefecture, SW Japan and Their Bearings on Cooling History

Abstract. The Umanotani-Shiroyama pegmatite deposits, the largest producer of K-feldspar and quartz in Japan, are of typical granitic pegmatite. Ilmenite-series biotite granite and granite porphyry, hosting the ore deposits, and biotites separated from these rocks yielded K-Ar ages ranging from 89.0 to 81.4 Ma and 95.2 to 93.7 Ma, respectively. Muscovite and K-feldspar separated from the ore zone yielded K-Ar ages with the range of 96.2 to 93.1 Ma and 87.3 to 80.7 Ma, respectively. Muscovites from quartz-muscovite veins in the ore zone and in the granite porphyry yielded K-Ar ages of 90.4 and 76.3 Ma, respectively. K-feldspar is much younger in age than coexisting muscovite. It is noted that the K-Ar ages of biotite separates and the whole-rock ages are identical to those of muscovite and K-feldspar in the ore zone, respectively. These time relations, as well as field occurrence, indicate that the formation of the pegmatite deposits at the Umanotani-Shiroyama mine is closely related in space and time to a series of granitic magmatism of ilmenite-series nature. Using closure temperatures of the K-Ar system for biotite and K-feldspar (microcline), cooling rate of the pegmatite deposits is estimated to be about 82C/m.y. at the beginning, but slowed down to about 15C/m.y. in the later period.     

Formation of the adakite-like granitoid complex and porphyry copper-gold deposit in Shaxi from southern Tancheng-Lujiang fault belt： A clue to the West Pacific plate subduction

On the basis of the geological and geochemical studies, including chemical analysis of bulk rocks, rare-earth and trace element studies, fluid inclusion, and S and O isotopic analyses, the authors described the geo-logical background of the deposit in detail and presented significant proofs for the conditions of formation of the Shaxi porphyry copper-gold deposit. Compared with other large and supper-large porphyry copper deposits in China and the adjacent Cu-Au mineralized areas, the ore-forming processes and conditions were analyzed; and the possibil-ity of forming large porphyry copper deposits in the Shaxi area was discussed. The present study indicated that the ore-forming fluid and material were mainly of magmatic origin, while meteoric water played a certain role in the ore-forming processes. Interactions between subducting and overriding plates provided a major driving force for the formation of igneous rocks and the deposition of metal elements in East China since Jurassic. Based on the geo-chemical data of the Shaxi intrusive, it is found that the copper (gold) mineralization is closely related to the genesis of adakite-like intrusive in the Shaxi area. This adakite-like intrusive was formed in the subduction environment as a result of the subduction of the West Pacific plate toward the East China continent, where there is a great potential-ity to form a large porphyry copper deposit.     

新疆温泉县北达巴特斑岩铜钼矿地质特征及成因初探

北达巴特斑岩铜钼矿产于华力西期流纹斑岩中,矿体呈脉状,铜矿体地表为氧化物,钼矿体主要赋存于深部的流纹斑岩中,其矿化作用呈上铜下钼的双层矿化结构模式,矿化为细脉浸染状。矿床的成因类型为斑岩型铜钼矿。     

Highly Oxidized Magma and Fluid Evolution of Miocene Qulong Giant Porphyry Cu‐Mo Deposit,Southern Tibet,China

The Miocene Qulong porphyry Cu‐Mo deposit, which is located at the Gangdese orogenic belt of Southern Tibet, is the largest porphyry‐type deposit in China, with confirmed Cu ～10 Mt and Mo ～0.5 Mt. It is spatially and temporally associated with multiphase granitic intrusions, which is accompanied by large‐scale hydrothermal alteration and mineralization zones, including abundant hydrothermal anhydrite. In addition to hydrothermal anhydrite, magmatic anhydrite is present as inclusions in plagioclase, interstitial minerals between plagioclase and quartz, and phenocrysts in unaltered granodiorite porphyry, usually in association with clusters of sulfur‐rich apatite in the Qulong deposit. These observations indicate that the Qulong magma‐hydrothermal system was highly oxidized and sulfur‐rich. Three main types of fluid inclusions are observed in the quartz phenocrysts and veins in the porphyry: (i) liquid‐rich; (ii) polyphase high‐salinity; and (iii) vapor‐rich inclusions. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of all type inclusions decrease from the quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry to hydrothermal veins (A, B, D veins). Microthermometric study suggests copper‐bearing sulfides precipitated at about 320–400°C in A and B veins. Fluid boiling is assumed for the early stage of mineralization, and these fluids may have been trapped at about 35–60 Mpa at 460–510°C and 28–42 Mpa at 400–450°C, corresponding to trapping depths of 1.4–2.4 km and 1.1–1.7 km, respectively.