江西彭山锡多金属矿集区隐伏花岗岩体的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成

本文对江西彭山锡多金属矿集区隐伏花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素组成和岩石地球化学研究。SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年表明,该岩体年龄为128~129Ma,属燕山晚期岩浆活动的产物。详细的地球化学分析显示,彭山隐伏花岗岩体具有高硅(SiO2=75.42%~76.46%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.93%~8.35%,K2O/Na2O=1.32~1.61)的特征,极度贫Mg(普遍MgO=0~0.07%),贫Ca(CaO=0.37%~0.69%),弱过铝质(A/CNK=1.04~1.11),富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素及Hf、Nb等高场强元素,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Eu、P、Ti。稀土总量偏低(∑REE=41.18×10-6~85.06×10-6),强烈的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.05~0.11)。104×Ga/Al比值变化于2.75~4.04,平均值为3.19。这些特征均不同于典型的A型和S型花岗岩。岩石学和地球化学特征指示该岩体可能是一个高分异的I型花岗岩。该花岗岩中锆石εHf(t)值偏高,主要集中在-0.6~-4.5,显示在成岩过程中有地幔组分的参与,属壳幔混源花岗岩,推测该岩体的形成可能与燕山晚期华南岩石圈伸展拉张环境有关。     

日本岛根县石见银矿区英安质火山岩中的黑云母矿物学特征及其K-Ar和40Ar-39Ar年代学研究

以显微镜、X射线衍射仪和电子探针等方法,对日本岛根县石见银矿区所产英安质火山岩中的黑云母进行了详细的研究．观察到部分黑云母经受了不同程度的热液蚀变作用。根据对未蚀变、或仅受到轻微蚀变作用的黑云母所进行的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄测定,它们主要为第四纪产物。但是,从经受强热液蚀变作用的黑云母所获得的^40Ar-^39Ar同位素结果表明,后期的高温热液活动可以破坏晶体中的原始K—Ar同位素平衡,使得其。^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄与高于从未蚀变矿物所获得的结果,从而产生严重的年代失真。所以,对来自热液蚀变带的样品需要进行详细的矿物学研究。估计对黑云母的原始KAr同位素体系产生破坏的热扰动临界温度可能在200℃左右。     

松潘造山带金川地区观音桥晚三叠世二云母花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

松潘造山带内发育大量印支期花岗岩,这些花岗岩类对于该地区岩浆活动、基底性质和构造演化的研究有着重要的意义。金川地区观音桥二云母花岗岩位于松潘造山带东部,属于晚三叠世花岗岩。岩石具有高硅(SiO_2=72.08%~73.95%)、富碱(K_2O=4.44%~5.84%、Na_2O=3.29%~3.93%)的特征,其A/CNK值为1.08~1.22,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性S型花岗岩类。岩石富集大离子亲石元素,亏损部分高场强元素,具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.26~0.38)。观音桥二云母花岗岩的ε_(Nd)(t)=-7.9~-10.1(平均为-8.9)不高,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T_(2DM)值为1.42~1.57 Ga,显示源岩应该为中元古代地壳岩石。岩石高的Rb/Sr值和低的CaO/Na_2O值、较低的Al_2O_3/TiO_2值和低的Rb/Ba值,表明其起源于泥质源岩的部分熔融。综合地球化学、同位素特征和区域地质资料,笔者等认为金川地区观音桥二云母花岗岩是在松潘造山带挤压背景下,由中—上地壳泥质源岩发生部分熔融而形成。     

东天山尾亚杂岩体: 同源还是异源? --来自黑云母的证据

呈中心环状的尾亚杂岩体由外环石英正长岩和内环石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩组成,但对两个环带是同源还是异源的认识仍存在较大分歧.鉴于黑云母是大多数中酸性火成岩中比较重要的一种镁铁质矿物,它能很好地反映寄主岩浆的属性和成岩时的物理、化学条件,因此,本文的目的在于,通过比较外环石英正长岩和内环石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩中黑云母的成分变化,来为两个环带是同源还是异源提供矿物学方面的佐证.结果表明,外环黑云母与内环黑云母相比,富 Fe和 Ti,贫 Mg和 Al,前者为铁质黑云母,寄主岩浆属碱性岩系;后者皆属镁质黑云母,寄主岩浆属钙碱性岩系.碱性岩系中铁质黑云母的形成主要与其晶格中 Fe→ Mg和 3Fe2 → 2Al双替代有关,而钙碱性岩系中镁质黑云母则主要与 2Al→ 3Mg替换有关.外环与内环黑云母成分的差别,归根结底,与其寄主岩浆形成于不同的源区、产于不同的构造环境密切相关.内环各相带云母之间没有明显的演化趋势,只是细粒花岗岩中的云母比石英闪长岩和黑云母二长花岗岩中的云母富 Al和 F,贫 Ti.结合岩石地球化学、全岩氧同位素和锆石晶形及微量元素地球化学研究成果,外环和内环之间黑云母的成分变化,排斥了外环和内环同源的可能性;内环之间黑云母成分演化趋势表明石英闪长岩、黑云母二长花岗岩以及细粒花岗岩非同一母岩浆分离结晶所致,而可能是不同期次的异源岩浆相继侵入的产物.     

江南造山带西段岩浆作用特性

在湖南浏阳南桥的中元古代冷家溪地层中发现了一种高度亏损、具N—MORB属性的玄武岩一辉绿岩。这种玄武岩的K2O特低,不相容的高场强元素,如Nb,Zr,Hf,Ti等和稀土元素的丰度都低于（少数元素接近）N-MORB的丰度,εNd（1271Ma）为6．86～8、98。在俯冲带附近N—MORB的发现为“九岭古岛弧”的存在提供了新的证据。湘西黔阳、古丈新元古代玄武岩-辉绿岩属碱性玄武岩．其微量元素特征近似于OIB,它的规模值得进一步调查。广西北部丹洲群中基性-超基性岩的TiO2,Ta及Nb的含量低,Hf／Th,Ti／Y和Ti／Zr等的比值也低,La/Ta和Th／Yb等的比值高,具有“弧玄武岩”特性。它们不具有CFB及OIB的地球化学特征,在构造环境判别图解上的标绘点集中在“火山弧玄武岩区”,少数样品位于“弧后盆地玄武岩区”。至今未发现具高温特征的高镁熔岩,也未见大规模放射性岩墙群。这些基性岩的规模极小（约100km^2）,不具有地幔柱来源的镁铁质岩浆的特性。桂北及湘东北的新元古代强过铝（SP）花岗岩体与江西九岭和安敞许村、休宁、歙县等岩体具有相似的特征,它们沿江南造山带呈带状分布,其形成与华夏和扬子板块之间的碰撞事件有关。在全球不同时代的造山带中都有S-型花岗岩出露;地幔柱岩浆作用形成的“镁铁质大火成岩省”中,出现的少量花岗岩是非造山、板内或A-型花岗岩,而不会是S-型花岗岩。不能把S-型花岗岩作为地幔柱岩浆作用的证据。这些都说明“江南造山带”的厘定有充分的岩石学证据。     

Petrogenesis of I-type granitoids from the Melrose Stock,east-central Nevada

The Melrose Stock in the Dolly Varden Mountains of east-central Nevada is one of the many Mesozoic intrusion s in the Basin and Range Province. It consists of monzonites, quartz monzonites, granodiorites, and granites sharply intruding Mississippian to Triassic units. Phenocrysts of plagioclase (An₃₈–An₂₄) with oscillatory zoning and albitic rims, hornblende ± diopside, and biotite are common. Coexisting phases include orthoclase, quartz and accessory magnetite, apatite, titanite, ilmenite, and allanite. Mineral compositions suggest that the intrusion was emplaced at ～720 ± 40°C and 1.8–2.3 kbar.

All rocks are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous, defining a calcalkalic trend in which the monzonites and syenites are shoshonitic. Rare earth element patterns indicate that all studied rock types are comagmatic. Harker plots show curvilinear trends with some kinks consistent with fractionation, and mixing/assimilation. Major-element modelling and petrographic evidence suggest three stages of fractionation/mixing: Stage 1 marked by the fractionation of diopside and plagioclase; Stage 2 by fractionation of plagioclase, hornblende ± orthoclase ± biotite, accompanied by mixing through convection; and Stage 3 by fractionation of biotite, hornblende, plagioclase, and orthoclase.

Mineralogic, petrographic, and major- and trace-element data demonstrate that all rocks are I-type granitoids, suggesting a significant mantle contribution. Spider diagrams show troughs for Ti, P, and Nb, indicating magma genesis in a subduction-zone setting. Discrimination diagrams classify all rocks as late orogenic. Magma was therefore generated from mantle metasomatized by subduction, differentiated to a monzonitic magma, and emplaced in the thinned continental crust during a period of extension late in the cycle of Elko orogeny.     

西昆仑西段三叠纪两类花岗岩年龄测定及其构造意义

西昆仑造山带海西晚期-印支早期(三叠纪)花岗岩发育,但已有的测年资料、岩石地球化学研究及少量的构造学观察还没有对本区这一时期造山事件的时间尺度做到准确把握。对西昆仑西段海西晚期两类构造特征完全不同的花岗岩露头尺度的观察、锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,一类含石榴子石片麻状花岗岩形成时代为240.5 ±1.8 Ma,表现出同造山过程中的花岗岩变形特征;另一类块状含角闪石花岗岩的年龄为228.2±1.5 Ma。根据两个岩体的构造特征,结合前人的研究及地球化学特征,表明含石榴子石片麻状花岗岩形成于同碰撞造山时期,是甜水海地体与西昆仑南带晚古生代岛弧沿麻扎-康西瓦缝合带碰撞峰期的产物,代表了沿麻扎-康西瓦分布的古特提斯洋一个分支的闭合,而228 Ma块状含角闪石花岗岩形成于碰撞造山后的伸展背景。220-190 Ma持续发育的花岗岩是南昆仑地体拼合到北昆仑地体之后在其南部形成的新的深成岩浆弧带。这一研究为西昆仑海西晚期-印支早期构造演化提供了更精细的时间制约。     

Rapakivi granites in the geological history of the earth. Part 1, magmatic associations with rapakivi granites: Age, geochemistry, and tectonic setting

Rapakivi granites characteristic practically of all old platforms are greatly variable in age and irregularly distributed over the globe. Four types of magmatic associations, which include rapakivi granites, are represented by anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-rapakivi granite, anorthosite-mangerite-rapakivi-peralkaline granite, gabbro-rapakivi granite-foidite, and rapakivi granite-shoshonite rock series. Granitoids of these associations used to be divided into the following three groups: (1) classical rapakivi granites from magmatic associations of the first three types, which correspond to subalkaline high-K and high-Fe reduced A₂-type granites exemplifying the plumasitic trend of evolution; (2) peralkaline granites of the second magmatic association representing the highly differentiated A₁-type reduced granites of Na-series, which are extremely enriched in incompatible elements and show the agpaitic trend of evolution; and (3) subalkaline oxidized granites of the fourth magmatic association ranging in composition from potassic A₂-type granites to S-granites. Magmatic complexes including rapakivi granites originated during the geochronological interval that spanned three supercontinental cycles 2.7?1.8, 1.8?1.0 and 1.0?0.55 Ga ago. The onset and end of each cycle constrained the assembly periods of supercontinents and the formation epochs of predominantly anorthosite-charnockite complexes of the anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-rapakivi granite magmatic association. Peak of the respective magmatism at the time of Grenvillian Orogeny signified the transition from the tectonics of small lithospheric plates to the subsequent plate tectonics of the current type. The outburst of rapakivi granite magmatism was typical of the second cycle exclusively. The anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-rapakivi granite magmatic series associated with this magmatism originated in back-arc settings, if we consider the latter in a broad sense as corresponding to the rear parts of peripheral orogens whose evolution lasted from ～1.9 to 1.0 Ga. Magmatism of this kind was most active 1.8?1.3 Ga ago and represented the distal effect of subduction or collisional events along the convergent boundaries of lithospheric plates. An important factor that favored the emplacement of rapakivi granites and anorthosites in a huge volume was the thermal and rheologic state of the lithosphere inherited from antedating orogenic events, first of all from the event ～1.9 Ga ago, which was unique in terms of heat capacity transferred into the lithosphere. Anorthosite-mangerite-rapakivi granite-peralkaline granite magmatism is connected with activity of the mantle plums only. Degradation of the rapakivi granite magmatism toward the terminal Proterozoic was controlled by the general cooling of the Earth in the course of the steady dissipation of its endogenic energy, as these processes became accelerated since the Late Riphean     

Trace element and isotopic (Sr, Nd, Pb, O) arguments for a mid-crustal origin of Pan-African garnet-bearing S-type granites from the Damara orogen (Namibia)

Geochronological data, major and trace element abundances, Nd and Sr isotope ratios, δ¹⁸O whole rock values and Pb isotope ratios from leached feldspars are presented for garnet-bearing granites (locality at Oetmoed and outcrop 10 km north of Omaruru) from the Damara Belt (Namibia). For the granites from outcrop 10 km N′ Omaruru, reversely discordant U–Pb monazite data give ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U ages of 511±2 Ma and 517±2 Ma, similar to previously published estimates for the time of regional high grade metamorphism in the Central Zone. Based on textural and compositional variations, garnets from these granites are inferred to be refractory residues from partial melting in the deep crust. Because P–T estimates from these xenocrystic garnets are significantly higher (800°C/9–10 kbar) than regional estimates (700°C/5 kbar), the monazite ages are interpreted to date the peak of regional metamorphism in the source of the granites. Sm–Nd garnet–whole rock ages are between 500 and 490 Ma indicating the age of extraction of the granites from their deep crustal sources. For the granites from Oetmoed, both Sm–Nd and Pb–Pb ages obtained on igneous garnets range from 500 to 490 Ma. These ages are interpreted as emplacement ages and are significantly younger than the previously proposed age of 520 Ma for these granites based on Rb/Sr whole rock age determinations. Major and trace element compositions indicate that the granites are moderately to strongly peraluminous S-type granites. High initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (>0.716), high δ¹⁸O values of >13.8‰, negative initial _Nd values between −4 and −7 and evolved Pb isotope ratios indicate formation of the granites by anatexis of mid-crustal rocks similar to the exposed metapelites into which they intruded. The large range of Pb isotope ratios and the lack of correlation between Pb isotope ratios and Nd and Sr isotope ratios indicate heterogeneity of the involved crustal rocks. Evidence for the involvement of isotopically highly evolved lower crust is scarce and the influence of a depleted mantle component is unlikely. The crustal heating events that produced these granites might have been caused by crustal thickening and thrusting of crustal sheets enriched in heat-producing elements. Very limited fluxing of volatiles from underthrust low- to medium-grade metasedimentary rocks may have also been a factor in promoting partial melting. Furthermore, delamination of the lithospheric mantle and uprise of hot mantle could have caused localized high-T regions. The presence of coeval A-type granites at Oetmoed that have been derived at least in part from a mantle source supports this model.     

The Petrological and Geochemical Evolution of Ediacaran Rare‐Metal Bearing A‐type Granites from the Jabal Aja Complex,Northern Arabian Shield,Saudi Arabia

New fieldwork, mineralogical and geochemical data and interpretations are presented for the rare-metal bearing A-type granites of the Aja intrusive complex(AIC) in the northern segment of the Arabian Shield. This complex is characterized by discontinuous ring-shaped outcrops cut by later faulting. The A-type rocks of the AIC are late Neoproterozoic post-collisional granites, including alkali feldspar granite, alkaline granite and peralkaline granite. They represent the outer zones of the AIC, su...