Rhythmic Layering in the Apatite (-Magnetite) Deposit in the Fanshan Complex, North China

Abstract. The Fanshan complex consists of three (First- to Third-) Phases of intrusion. The First-Phase Intrusive is composed of rhythmic layers. The Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit is situated near the top of no. 6 rhythmic Unit of the First-Phase Intrusive. Two sketch maps were drawn through the deposit along no. 25 cross-cut on 425 mL and no. 1 crosscut on 491 mL in the Fanshan mine. Through this mapping, a small-scaled rhythmic layering (called sub-rhythmic layering) was newly found. The sub-rhythmic layering consists of five typical rocks: biotite clinopyroxenite, biotite rock, biotite-apatite rock, alternation biotite-apatite rock and apatite rock. The thickness of layers varies from four millimeters to several meters. Six units of sub-rhythmic layering were distinguished. Each unit consists of biotite clinopyroxenite (or biotite rock and biotite-apatite rock) layer at the bottom and apatite rock layer at the top.
Major element compositions of biotite and clinopyroxene were analyzed. The trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe*+Mn) atomic ratio (Fe*: total iron) of biotite and clinopyroxene indicate that the magma evolved markedly from relatively magnesian bottom layer to less magnesian top layer in each sub-rhythmic unit. A general trend, however, through the whole sub-rhythmic layering sequence shows that the both minerals become relatively magnesian upwards. The hypotheses of liquid immiscibili-ty, gravitational settling and magma mixing are against with the results obtained in the present study. This study suggests that the apatite (-magnetite) deposit is formed through fractional crystallization process.     

南天山英买来花岗岩:磁铁矿系列还是钛铁矿系列?

位于南天山中段英买来岩体的主体由中粗粒似斑状黑云母钾长花岗岩组成,局部有粗粒似斑状二云母钾长花岗岩。二者全岩化学成分相似,但在矿物组成上表现出一定差异。前者不透明矿物为钛铁矿,而后者出现原生白云母,不透明矿物全部为磁铁矿。根据石原舜三(1977)的划分方案,黑云母钾长花岗岩全部符合钛铁矿系列特征,而二云母钾长花岗岩虽然表现出不透明矿物为磁铁矿、所含黑云母富镁等看似符合磁铁矿系列的特征,但所有的磁铁矿均和黑云母、钾长石共生,因此推测磁铁矿是由黑云母分解析出而成,并结合其同样具有全岩Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+)低、且出现钛铁矿系列的特征共生矿物白云母,亦判定其属于钛铁矿系列。另外,英买来岩体的矿物学和地球化学特征均符合S型花岗岩的特征,说明在本区钛铁矿系列和S型花岗岩相当。研究结果也表明南天山地区在早二叠世还没有完全进入板内演化阶段。     

广西云开地区那蓬岩体黑云母二长花岗岩年代学、地球化学特征及成因

华南地区印支期经历了强烈的构造运动和岩浆活动,印支期花岗岩的构造背景一直是地学界讨论的热点问题。本文对广西云开地区那蓬黑云母二长花岗岩体进行了详细的锆石年代学、地球化学特征及成因研究。结果显示：那蓬岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为（257.8 ±1.2） Ma,结晶年龄为晚二叠世;岩石主量元素具有富钾、富铝质特点,属于钙碱性岩石;微量元素主要富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、Th、U、K、Pb）,亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf）和Ba、Sr元素;稀土元素特征表现为轻稀土元素相对富集,重稀土元素亏损,稀土元素球粒陨石配分曲线呈右倾型,具有较明显轻重稀土分馏特征和负铕异常（δEu=0.41~0.66）。地球化学特征指示了花岗岩的物质来源主要为古老地壳杂砂-泥质源岩部分熔融,构造环境有可能形成于板块碰撞环境的后造山阶段。     

藏东纽多黑云母二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄及成因

通过对澜沧江北段卡贡地区出露的纽多黑云母二长花岗岩的岩石学、岩石地球化学及锆石U-Pb年龄的研究,分析了纽多黑云母二长花岗岩的地球化学和原岩特征。黑云母二长花岗岩中的锆石具有明显的振荡环带,较高的Th/U值(普遍大于0.4),属于典型的岩浆成因锆石,用LA-ICP-MS测得锆石~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄为243.6±1.4Ma(MSWD=1.00,n=15),时代为中三叠世。岩石地球化学特征表明,该黑云母二长花岗岩具有较高的SiO_2、Al_2O_3及高钾富碱的特征,A/CNK值为1.05~1.08,为过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素配分模式显示,配分曲线为右倾型,具有明显的负Eu异常和弱负Ce异常,表现为Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Ti等高场强元素相对亏损,相对富集Rb、K、Th、U等大离子亲石元素。岩石地球化学特征表明,纽多黑云母二长花岗岩为S型花岗岩,形成于地壳加厚增温环境下的深熔作用。     

黑云母温度计能否用于估计花岗质侵入岩的结晶温度？

为了探讨黑云母温度计是否适用于估计花岗质侵入岩的结晶温度,汇编了国内外典型花岗质侵入体的岩石化学和矿物化学数据,利用Henry等(2005)的黑云母Ti饱和温度计、Li 和Zhang (2022)的黑云母全组分温度计估算了岩浆温度,并与Shao等(2020)的锆饱和温度计估算结果进行了对比。结果表明,黑云母Ti饱和温度计估算的温度比锆饱和温度计和黑云母全组分温度计低50~200℃,因此认为黑云母Ti饱和温度计并不适用于估算花岗质侵入岩的结晶温度,而黑云母全组分温度计可以复现S型和I型花岗岩的锆饱和温度计结果。     

三江北段纳日贡玛黑云母花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

西南三江北段是青海省重要的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿带,纳日贡玛铜钼矿是近年来在三江北段发现的与侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜钼矿。利用锆石U-Pb方法测得纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩的形成年龄为41.53Ma ±0.24Ma,属于喜马拉雅早期。纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿时代主要在40.86~40.80Ma之间。在多期热液叠加、多期成矿作用中,纳日贡玛斑岩型铜钼矿的热液应是纳日贡玛黑云花岗斑岩（41.53Ma ±0.24Ma）和纳日贡玛斜长花岗斑岩（41.00Ma ±0.18Ma）共同提供的。由于该区有较多的中酸性岩体存在,因而确定这些侵入体的形成年龄,对于在该区寻找同时代的斑岩型铜钼矿有重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

浙江嵊州地区陈蔡岩群变质岩的锆石年代学研究:江绍结合带对华南印支期造山运动的响应

陈蔡岩群是华夏地块西北缘的主要前寒武纪变质基底,蕴含着有关江绍结合带构造演化的丰富信息,长期为众多学者所关注。作者最近通过路线调查和地质剖面测制,将研究区"陈蔡岩群"解体为条带状黑云斜长片麻岩、侵入其中的二长花岗岩及后期基性岩脉等。黑云斜长片麻岩的锆石年龄数据可分为多组,其中以约1800 Ma、约700Ma、220 Ma三组最为集中,前者给出了片麻岩继承锆石年龄的峰值,中者给出了片麻岩原岩时代的上限,后者为变质年龄;二长花岗岩年龄为220 Ma,与前述变质年龄对应,均为印支期构造热事件,显示了江绍结合带对华南印支期造山运动的响应。     

江西永平Cu-W矿床成矿岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素、微量元素特征及其意义

江西永平矿床位于钦杭成矿带东段,是该成矿带内矽卡岩型Cu-W共生成矿的典型代表.为查明永平似斑状黑云母花岗岩的源区特征及其与Cu-W矿化的关系,文章对该花岗岩进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素地球化学及Hf同位素研究.结果表明,似斑状黑云母花岗岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为160 Ma,与空间上密切相关的矽卡岩Cu-W矿床(辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为156 Ma)具有密切的时间联系,表明永平Cu-W矿床成岩成矿作用均发生于中晚侏罗世.锆石的Ce4+/Ce3+平均值为283,表明其具有高的氧逸度,指示出很好的Cu成矿潜力.锆石的εHf(t)值为-9.60～-2.27,并且有高w(MgO)(0.84％～1.33％)和Mg#(44～49)值,表明该区花岗质岩浆来源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有地幔物质的加入.通过与区内同期Cu矿化和W-Sn矿化花岗岩对比,成Cu和成Cu-W矿花岗岩的氧逸度高于成W-Sn花岗岩,成Cu-W花岗岩εHf(t)值介于成Cu和成W-Sn花岗岩之间.因此,岩浆高氧逸度和一定比例的壳幔混合可能是形成Cu-W矿的重要条件.     

Halogen signatures of biotites from the Maher-Abad porphyry copper deposit,Iran: characterization of volatiles in syn- to post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids

Copper and gold mineralization in the Maher-Abad area, eastern Iran, is closely related to multiple episodes of emplacement of a late Eocene granodiorite into a quartz-monzonitic stock and andesitic volcaniclastic rocks. Hypogene and supergene porphyry Cu–Au mineralization occurred within the porphyritic granodiorite and quartz-monzonite host rocks extensively altered into dominantly potassic, propylitic, phyllic, and argillic assemblages. Temperature and pressure estimates using the plagioclase–hornblende thermometer and Al-in-hornblende barometer indicate that the granodiorite intruded at 758 ± 10°C and 1.4 ± 0.2 kbar.

Biotites from the alteration zones have more variable Al^IV than those in the fresh granodiorite, but nearly all are close to the ideal phlogopite composition. Biotite compositions display an increase in Al₂O₃, FeO, TiO₂, and Cl, but a decrease in SiO₂ and F, from the porphyritic granodiorite and potassic to the transitional phyllic alteration zones. Biotite from the potassic zone (X _phl?=?0.63–0.67) possesses a moderate F content (0.53 to 0.82 wt.%) that is significantly higher than that in the phyllic zone (0.22 to 0.38 wt.%), exhibiting a positive correlation with X _Mg and negative correlation with Cl.

With a decrease in the temperature, log (fH₂O/fHF) and log (fH₂O/fHCl) values calculated for fluids equilibrated with biotite increase progressively from the granodiorite through the potassic to the phyllic zones, whereas log (fHF/fHCl) shifts towards more negative values. Fugacity ratio trends in the Maher-Abad porphyry copper deposit are quite similar to those of other porphyry copper systems. The decrease in halogen content of hydrothermal fluids towards outer parts of the deposits reflects an increase in the degree of mixing between magmatic fluid and meteoric water.     

内蒙古东乌旗达亚纳钨-钼矿成岩成矿时代及其岩体地球化学研究

内蒙古东乌旗达亚纳钨-钼矿是近年来正在勘查的一个规模有望达中型的新矿床,矿床位于兴蒙造山带中西部,矿床类型为典型的石英脉型黑钨-钼矿,黑钨矿石英脉以近于直立(75°)的平直脉体产出在黑云母花岗岩内或岩体与地层的外接触带,并向下尖灭于岩体内部,主要的矿化蚀变类型有云英岩化、钾长石化、钠长石化、硅化等。伴随黑钨矿化共生大量的辉钼矿,辉钼矿化多产出在黑钨矿石英脉两侧或石英脉内。本文在系统研究矿床地质特征的基础上,对成矿岩体——黑云母花岗岩进行了高精度LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及地球化学分析,U-Pb测年结果显示,两件黑云母花岗岩样品(DYN-19、DYN-30)有着一致的U-Pb谐和年龄,分别为134±1Ma(MSWD=0.41)、135±1Ma(MSWD=0.52)。地球化学特征显示,岩体富硅、富碱,SiO_2平均74.43%,Na_2O+K_2O平均8.33%,Na_2O/K_2O平均0.73,明显富钾,属高钾钙碱性系列;Al_2O_3平均为12.72%,铝饱和指数A/CNK全部近1.0,为准铝质到弱过铝质花岗岩类,相对贫Mg;稀土总量较低,ΣREE变化于63.68×10~(-6)~91.11×10~(-6),表现为右倾稀土元素配分模式,弱富集轻稀土,并具有明显的负铕异常,高场强元素Th、U、Nd、Hf明显富集,而Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb显著亏损;为壳源重熔型花岗岩的地球化学特征。锆石Hf同位素分析显示,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值0.28295~0.28302,ε_(Hf)(t)值+6.4~+8.8,二阶段模式年龄值408~540Ma,年轻的二阶段模式年龄和不大的ε_(Hf)(t)正值,指示了其岩浆源区可能为新生下地壳。同时对矿区7件辉钼矿样品进行了铼-锇同位素分析测试,获得等时线年龄为133±3Ma,MSWD值为2.2。可见成岩年龄和成矿年龄在误差范围内具有一致性,为同一期地质作用的产物,即成岩成矿时代为早白垩世,属燕山期构造岩浆活动的产物。