Cretaceous Environments of Afghanistan:A Synthesis Based on Selected Sections

1IntroductionThe Late Mesozoic sequences of Afghanistan are important in understanding the geodynamic evolu-tion of the northwestern part of South Asia, in par-ticular the transgressive and regressive history of the northwestern part of the Tethys connecting Iran to the west and the northern Indian Subcontinent to the east. Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous sedimentary seque-nces were initially studied by Griesbach (1885 ~1887) and Hayden (1880~1901) through several traverses in northern an…     

山西榆社地区新近纪地层时代讨论

通过对山西榆社地区新近纪地层的野外地质调查和实测剖面,对分布于该区的新近纪地层进行了详细的研究和划分,提供了新的ESR测年数据,并结合古地磁年龄、生物地层序列确定了该区新近纪地层顺序为:新近系上新统上部麻则沟组(Naa m)、新近系上新统下部高庄组(N12 g)和中新统马会组(N1m).根据实测剖面,可将这3个组的河湖相地层划分为37层,总厚度达446.5 m.ESR测年结果表明,麻则沟组的形成时间为2.50～3.04 Ma,属新近纪上新世晚期;高庄组形成时间为3.25～5.25 Ma,属新近纪上新世早期;马会组形成时间为5.30～13.10 Ma,属新近纪中新世晚期.     

新近纪海相生物地层事件年龄新编

介绍新近纪海相生物地层研究的新进展。2004年新的"国际地质年代表"以405ka偏心率长周期为基础来划分新近纪的主要地层界线,标志着轨道地层学时代的到来。新生代包括E1—E162偏心率长周期,底界的年龄为65.5±0.3Ma,其中新近纪有E1—E58周期,底界年龄为23.03Ma,并且根据天文调谐得出一系列新的古地磁年龄和生物事件年龄。由于这些新年龄,特别是接近新近纪底部的年龄与早期结果相差0.5Ma或更大,所以将其汇总介绍,以求与当前国际研究保持同步衔接,增强海洋新近纪高分辨率地层工作的准确性。     

从综合地层学观点论华南浅海相泥盆系—石炭系的分界

生物地层学、事件地层学和层地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ带和Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ带之间的界线相当的泥盆系－石炭系的界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带楔界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。     

中国非海相白垩纪介形类化石组合

我国非海相白垩纪介形类化石可以划分为7个组合:1)分布于我国西北和西南地区欧特里沃期巴列姆期的Jingguella-Minheella-Pinnocypridea组合;2)分布于我国西北和西南地区巴列姆期的Cypridea-Latonia-Darwinula组合;3)阿普特期阿尔必期的Cypridea(Morinina)-Bisulcocypridea-Mongolocypris组合;4)分布于我国东北、中部及东部地区欧特里沃期巴列姆期的Cypridea-Mongolianella-Darwinula组合;5)分布于我国东北、中部及东部地区巴列姆期阿普特期的Cypridea(Cypridea)-Cypridea(Ulwellia)-Limnocypridea组合;6)塞诺曼期塞农期的Cypridea-Triangulicypris-Sunliavia-Lycopterocypris组合;7)坎潘期马斯特里赫特期的Talicypridea-Cypridea-Quadracypris-Candona组合。依据以上7个介形类化石组合,我国22个地区含介形类的73个地层单元(群/组)得到了对比。     

Binary coefficients: A theoretical and empirical study

Binary coefficients can be assigned to several categories on the basis of algebraic and conceptual properties. The phi coefficient of association is related algebraically to the chi-square statistic for 2-by-2 contingency tables, and use of this coefficient in cluster analysis permits the objective, nonarbitrary partitioning of objects among groups on the basis of previously selected levels of significant, positive association. Similarity, matching, and distance coefficients possess neither conceptual nor operational statistical meaning for many geological data sets. The weighted pair group method and flexible clustering strategy may give an overly conservative partitioning of objects among groups. Clustering by the unweighted pair group method, using the phi coefficient, is recommended for the analysis of biostratigraphic and paleoecologic presence—absence data.     

黑龙江东部早白垩世生物地层学研究的主要进展

巴列姆期的菊石、巴列姆期—阿尔必期的海相双壳类、早白垩世的沟鞭藻、放射虫和有孔虫等的发现 ,均证实了黑龙江东部含煤地层龙爪沟群、鸡西群和大架山组的时代为早白垩世中、晚期。鸡西群中含有热河或威替姆动物化石群中常见的双壳类化石 ,这一事实似乎暗示着中国热河或俄罗斯威替姆动物化石群为早白垩世时代。早白垩世 ,特别是巴列姆期—阿尔必期 ,沿大架山—云山—虎林-裴德—鸡西一线北东东方向存在着一条向东 (古太平洋 )开口 ,但由东向西变浅的狭长海湾。多次海侵和海泛沿着这一海湾由东向西至鸡西后向南和向北 ,并可能向西扩散。正是这一海湾和海平面的升降控制着东北地区的早白垩世的气候、地理、生物群落的演变、甚至煤的聚集和油的形成     

浙江临安板桥奥陶系胡乐组笔石新材料及其意义

报道在浙江临安板桥奥陶系剖面的胡乐组中发现的较丰富的笔石动物群,包括Pterograptus elegans,Expansograptus sp.1,Tylograptus sp.,Cryptograptus?sp.,Archicli macograptus angulatus,A.caelatus,Procli-macograptus angustatus等主要属种,应属达瑞威尔阶Pterograptus elegans笔石带。这一发现表明,临安板桥一带的胡乐组时代跨度非常局限,底界比浙赣交界"三山地区"的胡乐组之底高2个笔石带,顶界对比则低2个笔石带。其下伏牯牛潭组的顶界与宜昌三峡地区相比,也低了2个笔石带,具明显的穿时现象。     

The paleobiogeographical significance of the Silurian and Devonian trilobites of Japan

Six major groups of trilobites from the Silurian and Devonian of Japan are evaluated for their paleobiogeographical signature. Silurian illaenids and scutelluids show four generic‐level and at least two species‐level links with the Australian segment of the Gondwana paleocontinent; encrinurids also indicate two generic‐level links with Australia and also the South China paleocontinent; whilst Devonian phacopids, and possibly proetids, suggest at least two generic‐level links with the North China paleocontinent. These different patterns may reflect the fragmentary biostratigraphical record of Japanese trilobites, but they also appear to reflect paleoenvironmental parameters associated with lithofacies, and paleoecology. Thus, Japanese assemblages of proetids and phacopids occurring in deep‐water clastic lithofacies have counterparts in similar settings in North China, and Japanese scutelluids and illaenids are strongly associated with shallow marine carbonate lithofacies that are similar to those of their occurrences in Australia. Japanese encrinurids occur in carbonate rocks indicative of shallow marine settings in the Kurosegawa Terrane, and they demonstrate a consistent paleobiogeographical affinity with Australia and South China. Larval ecology cannot be directly assessed for Japanese trilobite groups. However, proetids have consistently been shown to have planktonic protaspides, whereas illaenids, scutelluids, and encrinurids have benthic protaspides. Planktonic protaspides would have a greater propensity for distribution in ocean currents than benthic ones, and therefore may be of more limited paleobiogeographical utility. The combined data from the six different groups indicates that the complex paleobiogeographical patterns of the Japanese trilobite assemblages need to be interpreted with caution, and similarity of taxa does not necessarily denote paleogeographical proximity to other regions.     

松辽盆地白垩系综合年代地层学研究新进展

生物地层学研究表明,火石岭组、沙河子组和营城组均产Cicatricosisporites,Klukisporites,Densoisporites和Aequitriradites等早白垩世代表分子,登娄库组产Cicatricosisporites exilis-Hymenozonotriletes mesozoicus...