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161.
A preliminary scuba survey of oligotrophic Lake Rotoma in 1972 revealed a vegetation mainly composed of native hydrophytes in which exotics were at an early stage of colonisation. In 1973 the presence of species was recorded in 5708 quadrats (625 cm2) at 1 m intervals along a total of 50 line transects placed systematically around the lake. Water depth was measured, and quadrat cover and substrate type were subjectively estimated. Species frequency calculations showed that the dominant vegetation pattern was a characean meadow of Chara fibrosa f. acanthopitys (A.Br.) R.D.W., Nitella leptostachys var. leonhardii (R.D.W.) R.D.W., and N. pseudoflabellata var. mucosa (Nordst.) Bailey. The charophytes extended over a depth range of 1–17.5 m on a wide variety of substrates and gradients. Native vascular plants were absent from many transects, and had a depth range only from 0 to 4.5 m, with most occurring above 3.5 m. The Low Mixed Community, found in shallow water less than 1.25 m in depth at the northeast end of the lake, provided this area with a high species diversity. Exotic hydrophytes had established in many areas around the lake. The distribution of Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss and Elodea canadensis Michx. appeared to coincide with boating access and fallen submerged trees over a depth range of 0–6.0 m, although much of the available habitat had not yet been exploited. Emergent species were most abundant within the southwest inlet and also in the lagoons surrounding the lake where sheltered conditions and shallow gradients prevail. 相似文献
162.
For 3 years aspects of the population dynamics, growth, and bioactivity (measure of biologically active metabolite biosynthesis) of the Demospongiae Latrunculia sp. nov. and Polymastia croceus (Kelly‐Borges & Bergquist) were examined on a subtidal reef on the Wellington south coast, New Zealand. For both species, survival of adult sponges was high in all seasons, whereas juvenile sponges had poor survival. Recruitment of Latrunculia sp. nov. occurred in all seasons indicating that this species is reproductively active throughout the year. P. croceus recruited mostly in autumn, supporting previous work that found the sponge to be reproductively active in summer and early autumn only. For both sponge species, growth rates varied greatly between individuals and were unaffected by initial sponge size within the range examined. Sponges generally grew during winter and spring as the water temperature rose, and shrank during summer and autumn as the water temperature fell. This growth pattern may relate to seasonal variation in food abundance, and for P. croceus it may result also from seasonal differences in reproductive investment. After 2 years, Latrunculia sp. nov. and P. croceus had on average, halved and doubled in size, respectively. Latrunculia sp. nov. showed a seasonal pattern of bioactivity, being most active in spring possibly to prevent the surface overgrowth of fouling organisms. P. croceus had no seasonal pattern of bioactivity, but individuals were either very active or inactive. The bioactive metabolites in both species possibly aid in competitive interactions and prevent predation and biofouling. 相似文献
163.
Macroinvertebrate community composition was compared across streams draining catchments dominated by either native bush, agricultural or urban land uses within the Water of Leith stream catchment near Dunedin, New Zealand. Land use was associated with differences in taxon richness and faunal composition of communities present in each stream. The mean abundance levels of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera were highest in native bush catchments, and lowest in urban catchments. In contrast, the mean abundance of Oligochaeta exhibited the opposite pattern. Increasing dominance of the urban and agricultural streams by pollution tolerant taxa was reflected in the Macroinvertebrate Community Index and Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Community Index scores. 相似文献
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165.
由于煤矿采空区块段顶板基本保持悬空状态,上部岩体易产生沉陷变形,影响地表建筑物地基基础的稳定。全胶结注浆法,就是将水泥粉煤灰浆液直接注入采空区及其上覆岩体裂隙中,浆液固化后胶结岩体裂隙,同时采空区内的浆液形成的结石体对其上覆岩体形成支撑作用,阻止上覆岩体的进一步冒落,保证上部建筑物地基的稳定。山西省晋城富晋精密工业有限公司二期生产项目A区煤矿采空区治理工程应用该技术取得很好的治理效果,全胶结注浆法具有施工简单,安全性高,施工工艺成熟,施工易于管理,质量检测手段简便易行等优点,在同类型矿山采空区的治理中有较大的应用推广价值。 相似文献
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167.
结合吉青岭隧道的工程实际,分析了浅埋偏压不良地质条件下隧道进口段的施工风险,提出了采取初期支护加强,短循环开挖,初期支护封闭等综合地质病害预防措施。 相似文献
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169.
目前,岩溶地区地基处理设计没有统一的规范或标准可以借鉴。本文根据机场自身特点,通过评判隐伏岩溶的埋藏深度、顶板安全厚度及顶板洞径比等三种主要因素,介绍了一种目前机场常用的岩溶地基处理评价方法,并结合贵州某机场岩溶地基处理设计情况,对场区隐伏岩溶进行评判并提出处理措施,为类似工程提供一些参考和借鉴。 相似文献
170.
武安市团城铁矿系国有矿山,多年来为国家做出了一定的贡献;20世纪80年代以来,又对数家地方矿山进行采矿。由于采矿弃渣乱放和坑下开采造成地面沉降、塌陷、地裂缝,直接威胁着矿山的正常发展,危及周边村庄的经济、环境和民众的生命安全。通过详细的调查和实测,广泛地收集了各方面资料,因地制宜,提出以废渣部分充填地面塌陷、地裂缝;覆土造林,争取绿化面积超过90%。建设成为集典型地质灾害遗迹观察研究与生态观赏旅游为一体的绿色矿山,把矿产资源开发对环境的破坏降到最低限度,实现资源开发与生态环境的协调发展。 相似文献