四川盆地典型农业区土壤中铜、钴、钼和锌的空间分异及其影响因素

为定量化分析地理因子对土壤中铜（Cu）、钴（Co）、钼（Mo）和锌（Zn）空间分异的影响,作者采集和测定了四川盆地长寿之乡江津区156件表土样品,综合运用数理统计、地统计和地理探测器等方法,分析表土中Cu、Co、Mo和Zn含量的空间分异特征及其驱动因子。表土中Cu、Co、Mo和Zn均值分别为27.0×10^-6、18.5×10^-6、0.4×10^-6和216.8×10^-6,分别是中国土壤背景值的1.19倍、1.45倍、0.20倍和2.17倍。研究区表层土壤中Cu（36.6%）、Co（16.9%）、Mo（51.7%）和Zn（89.4%）变异系数都呈中等变异,但Zn和Mo的空间分布不均匀性更加显著。总体上,江津区表土中Cu、Co、Mo和Zn含量在北部相对较高,而南部地区相对较低。土壤中Fe和Mn及成土母岩和土壤类型分别是影响江津区表土中Cu、Co、Mo和Zn空间分异的主控驱动因子,但影响程度不一。总体上,Fe和Mn的独立及交互作用最高,对江津区表土中Cu、Co、Mo和Zn含量的空间分异起到重要作用。     

黄金新药源与豫西含金植物

黄金可以入药，历代本草均有记载。但因不溶性金被人体吸收极微，内服有一定毒性，加之其价格昂贵及一些药理学和比较复杂的检测处理与技术加工问题，不能普遍应用。自然界许多动植物都是聚金能手，特别是生长于富金岩石及金矿床风化土壤中的植物含金一般较高，部分动物因以含金植物为食，体内也含一定量的金，并且有些动植物本身就是中药材和食物。据此建议采取一定手段将含金较高、但未达工业品级的岩石，通过生物循环把金聚集至动、植物体内，金与动植物体内蛋白质等有机质结合成金的有机络合物，将此类动植物用于医疗或食疗，既可减小金的毒性，便于人体吸收，又可把未达工业品级的含金岩石利用起来。豫西某构造蚀变岩金矿，其上覆土壤中生长着含金植物，这些植物灰分中含金４×１０－９～９８×１０－９，其中以野苋菜的籽和叶灰分中含金最高（含金７５×１０－９～９８×１０－９），看来在本区用野苋菜籽和叶灰分中金含量进行找矿是可行的     

波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中铜铅锌硫镁砷

采用偏硼酸锂和四硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融法制样,波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定铜精矿中铜、铅、锌、硫、镁、砷,考察了熔剂、玻璃化试剂和预氧化条件对制样的影响。采用理论α系数和经验系数相结合的方法校正元素间的效应。测定铜精矿试样各组分的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)均小于3%,结果与化学分析法吻合。     

Geographical Variation and Influencing Factors of Spartina alterniflora Expansion Rate in Coastal China

Biological invasion poses a huge threat to ecological security.Spartina alterniflora was introduced into China in 1979,and its arrival corresponded with negative effects on native ecosystems.To explore geographical variation of its expansion rate in coastal China,we selected 43 S.alterniflora sites from Tianjin Coastal New Area to Beihai.The area expansion rate,expansion rate paralleling and vertical to the shoreline were analysed based on Landsat images and field survey in 2015.Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA)and climate data were collected to statistically analyse the influential factors of expansion rate.Results showed that significant difference of S.alterniflora area expansion rate among different latitude zones(P<0.01),increasing from 6.08%at southern(21°N–23°N)to 19.87% in Bohai Bay(37°N–39°N)along latitude gradient.There was a significant difference in expansion rate vertical to shoreline in different latitude zones(P<0.01)with the largest occurring in Bohai Bay(256m/yr,37°N–39°N),and showed an decreasing tendency gradually from north to south.No significant difference and latitudinal clines in expansion rate paralleling to shoreline were observed.Expansion rate had significant negative correlation with mean seawater temperature,the lowest seawater temperature,current zonal velocity and meridional velocity and presented a reducing trend as these biotic factors increased;however,they were not significantly correlated with the highest seawater temperature and mean seawater salinity.We identified significant correlations between expansion rate and annual mean temperature,the lowest temperature in January and annual precipitation,but there was little correlation with annual diurnal difference in temperature and the highest temperature in July.The rapid expansion rate in high-latitude China demonstrated a higher risk of potential invasion in the north;dynamic monitoring and control management should be established as soon as possible.     

贺兰山奥陶系研究的新进展

近年来,作者对贺兰山区奥陶系进行了岩石地层及生物地层学的研究,取得了新的进展。确证该区寒武系与奥陶系为连续沉积,对奥陶系进行了合理划分和时代厘定,初步建立了11个化石带或生物组合。该区是华北地台西缘奥陶系发育最好、生物地层研究最清楚的地区。根据沉积物及生物特征,确认本区中奥陶统为大陆边缘斜坡相沉积,浊流特征颇为典型。是研究斜坡沉积作用及其相模式、古构造古地理演化及其含矿性的理想地区。     

Production of the Crab Elamenopsis kempiHymenosomatidae in the Garmat-Ali Region, Basrah, Iraq

Abstract. The production of the hymenosomatid crab Elamenopsis kempi was calculated for a period of 18 months from a subtidal area of the Garmat-Ali river, southern Iraq. The highest average individual somatic energy was attained in spring. Maximum population biomass and production were attained by the summer cohort and the minimum values were exhibited by the overwintering cohort. The fluctuations of the average population biomass were followed throughout the sampling period. Average total annual population production was 13.2 g DW · m^-2· a^-1 and the P/B ratio was 5.9. These values were compared with those of the most common crustaceans in the region.     

对海洋生态学和生物海洋学的浅析

海洋生态学和生物海洋学的研究内容大多交叉、重叠。为利于学科发展,文章在简述学科的产生与定义的基础上,强调学科之间要加强合作,适当分工。建议:海洋生态学侧重研究生物之间的相互关系和对环境的适应性、生存策略,并积极与经济、社会和文化相关学科交叉、融合;生物海洋学侧重于研究生物在海洋环境中的作用和功能,把推进对海洋的认识放在首位,加强与物理海洋学、化学海洋学的耦合,为海洋在地球四大圈层的相互关系中展现活力。据此,以渔业海洋学、海洋生态灾害和生物对地质的作用为例,阐述海洋生态学和生物海洋学的理解及其相互之间关系。     

海水浓度对生物接触氧化法处理废水的影响

研究了海水浓度对生物接触氧化法处理废水的影响。结果表明,在淡水中添加海水超过35％时,生物接触氧化法去除废水的化学耗氧量(COD)的效果随着海水浓度的增加而降低．添加海水10％～25％时,COD的去除效果好,25％时COD最高总去除率可达87．8％．处理效果几乎与纯淡水的对照组(COD总去除率88．6％)等同。     

多样性指数在海洋浮游植物研究中的应用

对海洋浮游植物群落分析中常用的多样性指数进行了比较研究.对物种丰富度依赖型、丰度依赖型和实测浮游植物群落中物种丰富度、Shannon指数(以2或e为底)、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数(1-D或1/D形式)、Margalef指数、Berger-Parker指数、McIntosh指数、McIntosh均匀度指数、Brillouin指数、Brillouin均匀度指数、Fisher α指数和Q统计指数等不同多样性指数计算结果进行了比较,发现不同多样性指数对浮游植物群落多样性的分析存在明显差异.对于一般情况下浮游植物群落多样性的研究,物种丰富度、Margalef指数、Fisher α指数、Shannon指数、Simpson相遇指数和Pielou指数的综合使用是较合适的,但对Margalef指数和Fisherα指数的结果要谨慎解释.并在综合应用各指数的基础上提出了浮游植物群落多样性分析的一般步骤.