原生油藏调整过程的有机地球化学与岩石学证据——由乡3井看哈得逊油田的调整机制

塔里木盆地发育多期构造旋回,新构造运动活跃,呈现多期成藏晚期为主的特点,因此海相调整型油气藏成为塔里木盆地油气勘探的重要领域。为了研究调整型油气藏的成藏规律和机理,定量评价油气调整规模,以哈得逊油田为例开展了储层沥青反射率、生物标记化合物、包裹体和伊利石等方面的研究,表明曾有两期油到达过东河砂岩。根据两大关键时期古构造演化和圈闭发育史建立了哈得逊"两期充注,晚期调整"的油气成藏模式,晚期形成的圈闭与原生油藏的构造关系是调整型油气藏聚集的主控因素。针对原生油藏乡3构造,通过系统选取东河砂岩和奥陶系良里塔格组的储层样品,经过连续抽的前处理区分出古油藏和现今油藏的抽提物,并进行了三维荧光强度扫描,定量评价出乡3构造奥陶系古油柱高度调整了20m左右,指示了原生油藏调整规模不容忽视,具有形成次生调整型油气藏的较大潜力。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定生物样品中的硒

用硝酸-高氯酸分解生物样品,在4 mol/L盐酸介质中,加入一定浓度的三价铁盐作为掩蔽剂抑制干扰元素,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定生物样品中微量硒的含量。方法检出限为0.02μg/L,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.51%。经国家一级生物标准物质验证,测定结果准确可靠。方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、线性范围宽等优点,所用试剂毒性小,实用性强,适合广泛使用。     

Occurrence and persistence of water level/salinity states and the ecological impacts for St Lucia estuarine lake,South Africa

The St Lucia estuarine lake in South Africa forms part of a World Heritage Site and is an important local source of biodiversity. Like many estuarine systems worldwide, St Lucia has experienced significant anthropogenic impacts over the past century. Abstractions have decreased fresh water inflows from the lake catchments by about 20%. Furthermore the Mfolozi river, which previously shared a common inlet with St Lucia and contributed additional fresh water during droughts, was diverted from the system in 1952 because of its high silt loads. The separated St Lucia mouth was subsequently kept artificially open until the onset of a dry period in 2002 when the mouth was left to close naturally. These changes and the current drought have placed the system under severe stress with unprecedented hypersaline conditions coupled with desiccation of large portions of the lake. Long-term simulations of the water and salt balance were used to estimate the occurrence and persistence of water levels and salinities for different management scenarios. The risks of desiccation and hyper-salinity were assessed for each case. The results show that the configuration of the Mfolozi/St Lucia inlets plays a key role in the physicochemical environment of the system. Without the Mfolozi link desiccation (of about 50% of the lake area) would occur for 32% of the time for an average duration of 15 months. Artificially maintaining an open mouth would decrease the chance of desiccation but salinities would exceed 65 about 17% of the time. Restoring the Mfolozi link would reduce the occurrence of both desiccation and hypersaline conditions and a mostly open mouth state would occur naturally. Integrating these modeled scenarios with observed biological responses due to changes in salinity and water depth suggests that large long-term changes in the biological structure can be expected in the different management scenarios.     

海平面变化与未来预测——气候的过去、现在和未来

海平面变化是由于太阳、月球等几大行星的天体作用、地球本身作用、生物作用、大气作用和海洋作用及人为因素等叠加作用的结果。所以,海平面变化是许多变数中一个敏感的积分变量,或是各大领域系统耦合效应的一个组合函数。为此,可将上述各个方面的叠加作用和耦合影响称为“天地生耦合效应系统”。并据此建立了相应的日动型、气动型、水动型和地动型等概念模型,旨在研究几大作用之间的多重耦合效应和反馈机制。通过集合变量,采用了时段划分的方法进行定量分析,以确定各变量之间的联系性、有效性和相关性,初步获得地球自转速度是控制海平面变化的动力机制;世界海平面速率为＋1．32±0．22mm／a,中国海平面速率为＋1．39±0．26mm／a。以C02含量为气候指标,划分出了公元200年以来的八个冷段（冷期）。第Ⅷ冷段极大值大约出现在公元1850年前后,若按冷暖极值距200年计算,则由目前正在发展的暖期,将在公元2050年前后结束,而后开始降温;若按冷暖极值距250年间隔计算,将在公元2100年前后开始降温,彼时,世界海平面将上升＋7～11±3．5cm左右（在气候暖期的过程中）,且其后海平面将呈下降趋势,与此同时,气候将进入下一个新的冷期（亦即第Ⅸ冷段）。     

环境污染治理中的生物技术

生物技术是环境污染治理中一种有效的技术方法，与其这经传统处理方法相比具有治理效果好，运行费用低，无二次污染等特点，目前，在污水，废气，土壤和地下水污染治理及固体废弃物处置方法中，生物技术已得到广泛应用。     

新疆托里县老风口风雪灾害及其生物治理

本文根据老风口林场和公路雪害防治实验站资料，综合分析风区的自然地理条件，风区植树造林防治风雪灾害的成功经验和失败教训，并总结出一套行之有效的生物治理措施，即营造多带小网格蜂窝结构的防网阻雪林网。其效果明显，可促进生态环境良性循环，改善了公路冬季交通条件。     

利用微量元素分析对广西凌云生物礁成礁环境的研究

本文利用微量元素分析,探讨了广西凌云县二叠系生物礁的成礁环境,指出不同微最元素的分布与生物骨骸的固定作用和沉积环境的影响有关,利用R型因子分析对微量元系进行了分类。     

四川南桐地区二叠系龙潭煤层生物标记物及其地质意义

四川南桐地区二叠系龙潭煤层具有良好的生油潜力。其生物标记物包括正构和异构烷烃,类异戊二烯烷烃,倍半萜烷,二萜烷,三环萜烷,藿烷,一种未知结构的五环三萜烷(C₃₀),甾烷,4-甲基甾烷等。煤层生物标记物特征表明在其形成过程中有藻类和细菌等微生物物质的加入。     

Biological improvement of saline alkali soil reference system: A review

This work presents a reference system overview to improve the efficiency of biological improvement of saline-alkali soil developed during the last thirty years, ranging from connotation, general methods and species, soil desalination, soil structure, soil organic content, microbial flora, enzyme activity, yield and economic benefits. The reference system presented is divided into three main groups: suitable varieties, suitable cultivation measures, and a comprehensive evaluation system.There has been a lot of research on biological improvement of saline alkali soil, but these studies are very fragmented and lack a comprehensive standard system. Also, there is a lack of practical significance, particularly with regard to optimal species, densities and times of sowing for particular regions. On the other hand, the corresponding cultivation measure is very important. Therefore, a reference system plays an important role to the effect of biological improvement of saline alkali soil.