东南极、西南极4000年以来生物活动强度变化与南极冰芯的对比

利用南极中山站地区的冰退速率和奈拉湖湖相沉积物中的硫浓度分布特征推算了奈拉湖的沉积速度。以硫元素浓度作为湖相沉积物中生物活动强度的指标，对比了西南极长城站地区西湖沉积物和东南极中山站奈拉湖沉积物中生物活动强度的变化趋势，并与Ｄ１０冰芯中反映海洋生物活动强度的指标ＣＨ３ＳＯ－３的浓度变化趋势作对比。结果表明，４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来三者的历史变化趋势是明显一致的，１８５０～１１５０ａＢ．Ｐ．是生物活动的最宜期，这是全球环境变化在不同地点、不同类型沉积物中的表现。     

超细SiO2改性壳聚糖膜的制备、表征及蛋白质分离性能研究

本研究通过先共混沉淀后溶解去除超细SiO₂颗粒(5～10μm)制备改性壳聚糖膜,采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察显示,改性后的壳聚糖膜由微尺度多孔结构和光滑表面结构的非对称结构组成,并且改性前后壳聚糖膜的机械性能没有明显改变。死端过滤实验测试膜通量的结果显示,由于微观凹凸膜结构可增大膜的有效扩散面积,因此改性后壳聚糖膜的水渗透性比未改性壳聚糖膜提高了1.5倍。采用自由扩散法测试溶菌酶(14 kDa)、胰蛋白酶(20 kDa)、胃蛋白酶(34 kDa)、鸡卵清蛋白(43 kDa)和牛血清白蛋白(65 kDa)在壳聚糖膜内的有效扩散系数(effective diffusion coefficients,D_eff),实验结果表明,虽然蛋白质分子量的变化仅为4.6倍,但是改性壳聚糖膜中蛋白质的D_eff变化达330倍,说明壳聚糖膜具有一定的蛋白质选择过滤性能。另一方面,鸡卵清蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的D_eff出现了较为明显的变化,由此推测改性壳聚糖膜传质通...     

由恐龙化石论晚白垩世事件沉积

本文根据晚白垩世恐龙化石的分布结合地层学特征,初步提出了这套含有恐龙化石的晚白垩世地层属于事件沉积的观点,并认为导致这次事件沉积的原因可能是由天体撞击地球产生的强海啸形成。     

Observations on a solar saltworks near Burgas, Bulgaria

Data on biota and nutrients in solar ponds of a saltworks near Burgas, Bulgaria, were obtained. Surveys of the biota were undertaken, and records from management officials gave information on biological and physical conditions related to salt production. The decrease in the quality and quantity of sodium chloride harvested that began 10 to 15 years before the study, may be related to the high levels of plankton, combined nitrogen and phosphate, and the large accretion of bottom sediments and density of benthic communities. Biological management can improve the quality and quantity of the sodium chloride produced by the saltworks.     

Changes in the structure and function of biological communities in the Aral Sea, with particular reference to the northern part (Small Aral Sea), 1985--1994: A review

The construction of a dam between the Small and Large Aral Sea in 1993 has had an effect on biological communities. From field and laboratory investigations and analysis of the literature, the structure and function of the main plant and animal communities in the northern (Small) Aral Sea are described and discussed, first, for the period before 1985, and, second, between 1985 and 1994. A prognosis for future changes is provided.     

一株嗜碱兼性好氧反硝化菌Marinobacter sp.B3的分离鉴定及脱氮性能研究

为获得反硝化脱氮效率较好的菌株,实验从海水螺旋藻培养体系中分离获得一株嗜碱兼性好氧反硝化菌, 通过观察细菌形态以及16S rRNA基因序列的同源性分析, 鉴定该菌株为海杆菌属, 命名为Marinobacter sp. B3。为明确该海杆菌的反硝化性能及氮转化途径, 研究开展了溶解氧(DO), 碳氮摩尔比(C/N), pH和温度等不同单因素对反硝化性能影响实验和氮平衡实验。单因素影响实验结果表明, 当硝酸钾(KNO₃)作为唯一氮源, NO₃^--N的初始浓度为100 mg/L, 盐度32, 振荡速度为150 r/min (初始DO质量浓度是5.6 mg/L), C/N=10, pH=8.0±0.2, 温度为35 °C时, 可获得最大脱氮效果。氮平衡实验结果得出, 在好氧环境下, 有20.11%的NO₃^--N转化为胞内氮, 5.58 mg/L的NO₃^--N转化为其他形态(NO₂^--N、NO₄⁺-N和有机氮), 74.72%转化为N₂释放; 厌氧环境下, 有26.65%的NO₃^--N转化为胞内氮, 72.86%的NO₃^--N转化为气态产物释放。最终实验结果表明, Marinobactersp. B3在好氧和厌氧条件下, 48 h对NO₃^--N的去除率分别为99.89%和93.80%, 具有较好的反硝化脱氮能力, 且在好氧条件下NO₃^--N去除效率更高, 在海水工厂化循环水养殖尾水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Bioaccumulation of Cobalt in Parmelia sulcata

Six locations across mainland Portugal were selected for exposing Parmelia sulcata, for a one-year period (8 months for one site), with simultaneous measurement of total (dry + wet) deposition (one-month periods). The exposed lichens and the total (dry + wet) deposition were analysed for cobalt contents by INAA (instrumental neutron activation analysis) and ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy), respectively. The designated wet deposition was evaluated through the collected water volume; the designated dry deposition was assessed after the (dried) residual mass of the wet deposition. An excellent agreement between Co contents in exposed lichens and the cumulative (1) Co contents in the dry deposition, (2) dry deposition, and (3) wet deposition has been found for the locations with alternate drought and precipitation months, high dry deposition, and high Co contents in the latter. Continuous rainfall was found to hinder the Co accumulation in the lichen due to its release from the lichen and/or lower Co contents in the dry deposition. At three locations, P. sulcata Co contents, after subtraction of the background (before exposure), equalled or exceeded the Co contents in the cumulative dry deposition at the end of the exposure time. The optimal exposure period for this species likely depends on the exposure conditions.     

海洋生物提取物“KEMH”研究──对57例体外培养不同人癌细胞的杀伤作用

报导一种海洋生物提取物“ＫＥＭＨ”对５７例体外培养的不同人癌细胞杀伤作用的实验。结果表明：“ＫＥＭＨ”对体外培养的人癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,癌细胞对“ＫＥＭＨ”的敏感度总有效率达５５．４％。本文以１０例以上者按不同癌细胞对“ＫＥＭＨ”的敏感度进行分组统计,指出“ＫＥＭＨ”对肺癌细胞的杀伤率最高,为９４％;对乳癌细胞为６８％;对胃癌细胞为５３．１％．与对照组比较,Ｐ值差异性显著。与常规较有效的抗癌药环磷酰胺,盐酸阿霉素等五种药物比较,“ＫＥＭＨ”比这五种药物对癌细胞具较高的杀伤作用。