夏季南海浮游植物光合固碳对不同波长阳光紫外辐射的响应

阳光紫外(UV)辐射影响浮游植物光合固碳,且不同波长UV辐射的生理效应不一.本文以夏季南海近岸海域浮游植物为研究对象,采用生物加权函数(Biological weighting function,BWF,亦被称为UV辐射作用光谱)的研究方法,探讨了不同波长UV辐射对浮游植物群落光合固碳的作用.结果表明,在只有可见光情况...     

我国近海赤潮灾害发生特征、机理及防治对策研究

近海赤潮灾害的频繁暴发严重破坏海洋生态平衡和海洋环境.根据2000～2009年的统计数据,从赤潮灾害发生时间、地域分布、赤潮生物优势种和规模变化4个方面分析了我国近海赤潮灾害的发生特征,同时探究了赤潮生物、营养物质(氮、磷、铁、锰、维生素、特殊有机物等)和外部环境(气象条件、水动力条件、海水理化因子等)引发赤潮灾害的机...     

我国海洋生物资源养护的立法责任构建

鉴于世界诸多海洋大国日益完善海洋生物资源养护法之形势,加之该法律自身的实际应用价值,我国构建海洋生物资源养护立法责任意义重大。我国应明确立法责任的结构要素,拓宽立法责任的构建思路,从而加快推动该项法律的立法进程,促进我国海洋法律体系的完善。     

Dynamic patterns of dissolved nitrogen in the Southern Bight of the North Sea

Spatial and temporal variations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) have been assessed in onshore and offshore areas of the Southern Bight on the basis of several years' measurements. They indicate that both the residual flow lines and DIN isoconcentration lines run parallel with the coast except in the vicinity of important freshwater discharge points such as the Scheldt estuary. Evidence was found that the seasonal DIN oscillations are not created through fluctuations in input conditions at the lateral boundaries, despite considerable fluctuations in these inputs which include the English Channel (from 500 tons(t) N day^?1 in June up to approximately 2000 t N day^?1 in February) and also rivers such as the Scheldt estuary (up to 50 t N day^?1 in January but less than 5 t N day^?1 in June–July). In both the onshore and offshore areas the sum of daylight phytoplanktonic nitrogen intake and sediment release of nitrogen corresponds to the observed DIN variations during most of the year. Pelagic N-mineralization from natural or grazing mortality of phytoplankton (220 mg N m^?2 day^?1 onshore at its maximum) can account for the differences (200 mg N m^?2 day^?1 onshore at its maximum), especially at the end of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Although the causes of DIN oscillations onshore and offshore are the same, the results differ because offshore (1) the vegetative season lasts longer, and (2) DIN is exhausted at the end of the phytoplankton spring bloom.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

The substance composition of sterols in the sediments from the Chukchi Sea, the Bering Sea and global climatic significance

The compounds of sterols such as C27 ,C2s ,C29 and C30 are recorded from C-8 core of the Chukchi Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5,22 as well as 22-,24-. The compound of sterols such as C27 ,C28 ,C29 are recorded from B2-9 core of the Bering Sea. The double bond position is located at 5-, 5, 22 as well as 22. The composition characteristics of sterols indicate that the substance is mainly contributed by the terrigenous origin and marine silicate organisms. The results are also suggest that the record of abnormal sterols from the surface sediments （2 -0 era）in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea represent the period from 1980s to the late 1990s. The strong signal of the Arctic warming is preserved in the sediments, which indicates the eco - environmental change responding to climatic effect of circumjacent.     

Radiocaesium and 210Pb in Clyde sea loch sediments

Analysis of ²¹⁰Pb, ²²⁶Ra, ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs in short sediment cores provide first estimates of deposition rates in some Clyde sea lochs. The radio-caesium nuclides originate mainly in the liquid effluent released at distance from the Clyde by the Windscale nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and their concentrations in Clyde sediments provide information on (a) enrichment factors onto particulate matter, (b) surficial mixing coefficients and (c) sedimentation rates. A radiocaesium residence time in coastal waters of ca. 10³ years reflects the importance of scavenging by the high nearshore particulate flux. ²¹⁰Pb levels in sediments are controlled, in the unsupported fraction, by a major input sorbed on catchment particulates and, in the supported component, by ²²⁶Ra activities occasionally perturbed by unusually high surface values probably of planktonic origin. In one loch, detectable levels of ¹³⁴Cs and ⁶⁰Co are attributed to their discharge by nuclear submarines.     

城市垃圾的生物处理技术

生物技术是实现城市垃圾无害化和资源化的一种有效手段。重点阐述了城市垃圾生物处趣的基本原理及3种主要的生物处理方法，简要介绍了城市垃圾生物处理方法中的一些新技术及发展趋势，为寻找适合我国国情的垃圾处理技术提供一些参考。     

石灰岩山地淡竹林“岩石-土壤-植物”的元素分布与迁移积聚特征

本研究以石灰岩山地淡竹林为研究对象,测定了岩石、土壤和4种淡竹群落植物[优势种淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca),伴生种枸骨(Ilex cornuta)、油茶(Camellia oleifera)和胡颓子(Elaeagnus pungens）]的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Mn和Na等9种元素含量,对元素迁移积聚特征进行了分析,结果表明:（1）淡竹林石灰岩Ca含量高（363.09 g· kg-1）;土壤Ca含量下降至2.68 g·kg-1,Fe、Al含量升高（48.12 g·kg-1、84.00 g·kg-1）;与土壤相比,植物N、P和Ca含量上升,其他元素含量则降低;（2）从岩石到土壤,Ca为纯迁移,迁移积累系数仅为0.01;Fe和Al明显富集,迁移积累系数分别高达9.98和14.10;从土壤到植物,N、Ca、P为富集,Fe、Al生物吸收系数很低,仅为1.41和2.08;（3）除K外,群落优势种淡竹的元素含量和生物吸收系数均小于伴生种。研究发现,强淋溶作用下淡竹林石灰岩发育为酸性红石灰土,其生长的植物均非喜钙植物;“岩石—土壤—植物”元素迁聚特征因土壤发育过程和植物种间特征而异,红石灰土Ca积累少;淡竹对土壤元素需求少可能是其在石灰岩生境占据竞争优势的生理基础。      

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定生物样品中55种元素

样品经微波消解后,采用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定生物样品中As、Al、B、Ba、Be、Bi、Br、Ca、Ce、Cd、Cr、Co、Cs、Cu、Dy、Er、Eu、Fe、Gd、Ge、Hf、Hg、Ho、I、K、La、Li、Lu、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Nb、Nd、Ni、P、Pb、Pr、Rb、S、Sb、Sc、Se、Sm、Sr、Tb、Th、Ti、Tl、U、V、Tm、Y、Yb和Zn 55种元素。为所测元素优选了适当分辨率,探讨了采用生物标准物质GBW10015绘制标准曲线的可行性。方法检出限为0.001ng/g~3 926ng/g,方法精密度为0.8%~21.9%,经国家一级生物标准物质验证,方法准确可靠,能满足日常分析要求。