新疆富蕴地区中泥盆统阿勒泰组喀腊曼哲火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境研究

通过野外调研和相关地球化学研究,表明出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘富蕴地区喀腊曼哲一带的中泥盆统阿勒泰组火山岩由玄武岩和流纹岩组成,为一套典型的双峰式火山岩组合。其中,玄武岩多变质为钠长阳起片岩、绿帘透闪片岩等,属拉斑玄武岩系列,低SiO2、K2O,高Ti,稀土配分曲线显示轻稀土略富集的平坦型,无明显Eu异常（SEu=0．92～1．08）,富Th、U等,Nb负异常;流纹岩属钙碱性系列,高SiO2,低K2O,为钠质型,稀土配分曲线显示Eu负异（dEu为0．29～0．58）的右倾型,富集Th、U、La、Ce和Hf,亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、Zr、P、Ti。二者地球化学特征存在明显差异,表明酸性火山岩并不是由基性岩浆分离结晶产生,而可能是与基性下地壳经不同程度的部分熔融有关;基性火山岩为经俯冲流体改造的亏损地幔部分熔融的产物。岩石地球化学分析结果虽然显示其兼具洋中脊和岛弧火山岩的地球化学特征,但结合区域地质背景,其可能并不是形成于弧后盆地环境,而是岛弧裂谷的产物,属于成熟岛弧。     

福建早侏罗世火山作用的动力学机制及大地构造学意义探讨

通过对福建早侏罗世火山作用的研究,对中生代大地构造演化提出了新的看法。研究认为华南地区的早中生代火山作用是印支运动后造山大陆裂解（伸展）形成的,与古太平洋板块俯冲无关;中侏罗世是区域中生代构造-岩浆活动性质发生重大变化的主要时期,由于古太平洋板块作用导致印支后造山裂解大陆的闭合,构造域转换发生在中侏罗世。中侏罗世太平洋板块往北西方向俯冲碰撞和持续挤压,早侏罗世的火山-沉积盆地逐渐开始闭合,开始从东西向特提斯构造域向北东向太平洋构造域的体制转换,在地球动力学体制上,由后造山阶段的伸展应力体制转换为挤压应力体制。     

闽中地区马面山群东岩组变质岩形成的古构造环境研究

闽中地区马面山群东岩组地层主要为绿片岩为主的一套古火山沉积建造。其主要岩性类型包括各种成分的绿片岩、大理岩、石英片岩及变粒岩类。绿片岩显示海底火山喷发特征,变粒岩原岩为中酸性岩类。东岩组变质岩岩石化学研究表明,绿片岩的原岩应为玄武岩类。变粒岩类主要属于英安岩及流纹岩。这些特征反映东岩组具双峰式火山岩特征,形成于大陆内部张性环境。绿片岩稀土元素特征也显示和大陆拉张环境中的火山岩类稀土特征非常相似,属大陆拉斑玄武岩;微量元素分布显示出该组变质岩原岩类似于大洋岛和大陆裂谷的板内碱性玄武岩。因此闽中地区中元古代可能处于板内古裂谷环境。     

Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks in the Yeba Formation on the Gangdise Magmatic Arc, Tibet

The Early Jurassic bimodal volcanic rocks in the Yeba Formation, situated between Lhasa, Dagzê and Maizhokunggar, composed of metabasalt, basaltic ignimbrite, dacite, silicic tuff and volcanic breccia, are an important volcanic suite for the study of the tectonic evolution of the Gangdise magmatic arc and the Mesozoic Tethys. Based on systematic field investigations, we carried out geochemical studies on representative rock samples. Major and trace element compositions were analyzed for these rock samples by XRF and ICP-MS respectively, and an isotope analysis of Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd was carried out by a MAT 262 mass spectrograph. The results show that the SiO2 contents in lava rocks are 41 %-50.4 % and 64 %-69 %, belonging to calc-alkaline basalt and dacite. One notable feature of the basalt is its low TiO2 content, 0.66 %-1.01 %, much lower than those of continental tholeiite. The ΣREE contents of basalt and dacite are 60.3-135 μg/g and 126.4-167.9 μg/g respectively. Both rocks have similar REE and other trace element characteristics, with enriched LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFS, similar REE patterns without Eu anomaly. The basalts have depleted Ti, Ta and Nb and slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.54-1.17 averaging 0.84. The dacites have depleted P and Ti and also slightly negative Nb and Ta anomalies, with Nb*＝0.74-1.06 averaging 0.86. Major and trace elemental and isotopic studies suggest that both basalt and dacite originated from the partial melting of the mantle wedge at different degrees above the subduction zone. The spinal lherzolite in the upper mantle is likely to be their source rocks, which might have been affected by the selective metasomatism of fluids with crustal geochemistry. The LILE contents of both rocks were affected by metamorphism at later stages. The Yeba bimodal volcanic rocks formed in a temporal extensional situation in a mature island arc resulting from the Indosinian Gangdise magmatic arc.     

甘肃天祝地区乌鞘岭一带双峰式火山岩 的发现及其构造环境

北祁连乌鞘岭一带出露一套以玄武质岩石为主的双峰式火山岩组合,火山岩岩石类型以变质玄武岩为主,夹少量的流纹岩。玄武质岩石为蚀变玄武岩,属拉斑玄武岩系列,低SiO2、K2O,高Ti,富Na、Th、U等,轻稀土元素亏损—略富集型,无明显Eu异常,微量元素具Nb、Ta负异常。流纹质岩石属钙碱性系列,高SiO2,低K2O,为钠质系列,大离子亲石元素富集,具明显的Nb、P、Ti、Sr负异常和Th、U正异常,轻稀土元素富集,(La/Yb)N为2.98~11.46,Eu负异常明显,δEu介于0.07~0.60之间。结合区域资料分析,乌鞘岭双峰式火山岩可能形成于弧后盆地环境。     

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区晚石炭世双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

博格达造山带东段芨芨台子地区出露大量晚石炭世早期双峰式火山岩组合,岩石类型以亚碱性玄武岩为主,含有少量的流纹岩,属拉斑系列。其玄武岩富钠贫钾(Na2O/K2O=2.84~3.01),Ti O2含量为1.32%~1.43%,略高于N型大洋中脊玄武岩,高Al(Al2O3含量为19.81%~20.60%)、低Mg(Mg O含量为2.95%~3.25%,Mg#为32.33~34.50),表明其原始岩浆发生过明显的橄榄石和辉石的分离结晶作用。玄武岩具有近于平坦的稀土配分模式,轻微正Eu异常(δEu=1.02~1.10,平均为1.04),富集Rb、Ba、P等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Th、Sr、Ti等高场强元素的特征;其微量元素Zr/Nb比值41.13~41.38,Zr/Y比值4.26~4.52(均大于4.00),Rb/Sr比值0.02~0.04(均小于0.05),Dy/Yb比值1.92~2.00,La/Nb比值2.42~2.49,Ba/Nb比值113.58~126.05,Ba/La比值47.02~50.62以及火山岩Zr-Nb、La/Yb-Dy/Yb和La/Nb-La/Ba等判别图解,表明玄武岩可能是亏损尖晶石相地幔橄榄岩向石榴石相地幔橄榄岩过渡相较高程度部分熔融的产物,且在其上升过程中受到一定程度的地壳物质混染,显示了板内玄武岩的地球化学特征,形成于陆内裂谷环境。流纹岩具有较高的Si O2(76.54%~77.74%)和全碱(Na2O+K2O=6.70%~7.70%)含量,以及较低的Ti O2(0.15%~0.16%)、Al2O3(10.70%~10.90%)和Mg O(0.17%~0.18%,Mg#为13.93~14.52)含量;显示右倾负斜率稀土配分模式,铕负异常明显(δEu为0.32~0.33),显著富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta,强烈亏损Sr、Ti、P等高场强元素,指示流纹岩应来自于玄武岩浆上升过程中提供的热量对地壳物质重熔,源区有斜长石残留。芨芨台子地区双峰式火山岩的地球化学特征表明该套火山岩应形成于大陆裂谷环境,同时获得流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为(312±1)Ma,表明该套火山岩形成于晚石炭世早期。进一步的Rb-Sr地壳厚度网络图投影表明当时博格达地区地壳厚度为20.0~30.0 km,而且根据Zr-Zr/Y图解推断其地壳拉张速率介于2.0~5.0 cm/a,表明早石炭世早期开始的博格达初始裂谷在晚石炭世早期进一步快速拉张,发展到鼎盛阶段,也代表着博格达地区由碰撞挤压到伸展拉张这个地球动力学环境的重大转折,这一发现进一步证实了博格达造山带在石炭纪处于大陆裂谷演化的观点,为进一步理解博格达地区晚古生代构造格局及板块构造体制提供了重要的地质依据。     

坦桑尼亚伦圭新生代火山岩的地球化学特征及岩石成因

伦圭新生代火山岩位于东非裂谷西支最南端,已有的大量地质与地球化学证据表明伦圭火山岩是典型的碱性双峰式火山岩,其SiO2含量在46％～56％之间出现明显的间断.基性火山岩和酸性火山岩均表现出富集轻稀土元素,轻、重稀土元素强烈分馏,无明显Eu异常的特征.基性岩大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、Sr富集,高场强元素Zr、H...     

Geochronology and geochemistry of Late Triassic bimodal igneous rocks at the eastern margin of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif,Northeast China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

Abstract

New zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectroscopy U–Pb ages, and Hf isotope and whole-rock geochemical data are reported for Mesozoic igneous rocks from the eastern margin of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif, Northeast China, in order to document the petrogenesis of the igneous rocks and reconstruct the early Mesozoic tectonic setting of the region. Zircons from five representative igneous rocks are euhedral–subhedral and display oscillatory growth zoning or striped absorption in cathodoluminescence images, suggesting a magmatic origin. The dating results indicate that granite, gabbro, and rhyolite from the eastern Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif formed during Late Triassic (204–211 Ma). The Late Triassic granitoids and rhyolites have an affinity to A-type granites or rhyolites. Their zircon ε_Hf(t) values and Hf two-stage model ages range from –3.8 to +3.8 and from 999 to 1485 Ma, respectively, indicating that their primary melts were derived from the partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic crust. The geochemistry of coeval gabbros, which reflects primary magma composition, shows a significant large ion lithophile element (e.g. Ba and Sr) enrichment and high field strength element (i.e. Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, and Ti) depletion. Based on zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–4.2 to +2.8) and Hf single-stage model ages (746–1031 Ma), we conclude that the mafic magma is the product of partial melting of lithospheric mantle that was metasomatically enriched by fluids derived from the subducted oceanic crust. The Late Triassic magmatism along the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent has bimodal magma compositions, indicating an extensional setting after the final closure of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean rather than being related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. The occurrence of Late Triassic igneous rocks on the eastern side of the Mudanjiang Fault suggests that this fault does not represent the suture zone between the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range and Jiamusi massifs.     

怀宁盆地火山岩的年代学、地球化学及与长江中下游其他火山岩盆地的对比

怀宁盆地是长江中下游地区晚中生代发育的一系列断陷型火山岩盆地中的一个,盆地内的火山岩主体以高钾和相对富碱为特征,属典型的橄榄玄粗岩系列.但晚期出现玄武质-流纹质双峰式火山岩组合.盆地内的火山岩均表现出明显富集Rb、Th、U、K等强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb和Ta的地球化学特征.本文分别测得怀宁盆地早期彭家口组粗安岩的SHRIMP和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(129.4±1.6) Ma和(131.6±0.6) Ma,晚期江镇组双峰式火山岩的酸性端元——流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(122.3±0.7) Ma.区域对比表明,怀宁盆地内火山作用的时间总体与庐枞盆地等长江中下游地区其他火山岩盆地中岩浆活动的时代类似,但火山活动结束的时间要晚于其他盆地约6 Ma.怀宁盆地内的火山岩与长江中下游地区其他橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩盆地相比具有更宽广的εNd(t)值变化范围和相对更低的εNd(t)值,这与其所处的构造位置紧邻大别造山带,有更多地壳物质的参与有关,显示怀宁火山岩盆地内的岩浆主要来自富集型地幔的部分熔融,但不同程度地混染了古老的下地壳物质.     

On the wind power potential in the northwest of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico

Wind power density, vertical velocity profiles, and other wind characteristics were established using a 51 m meteorological mast located very close to the shoreline on the northwest of the Yucatan peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico. A comparative study of the wind power density was carried out using information obtained between September 2010 and September 2011. The wind speed probability density function was found to be bimodal due to sea-land breezes, a characteristic that becomes less evident as the vertical distance to the ground increases. The distinction between these two wind regimes was used to fit the Weibull-Weibull curve using a linear least-squares criterion in the parameters. In addition, numerical simulations from a mesoscale model are in close agreement with measurements above z = 50 m (z is the vertical distance to the ground). This result suggests that some mesoscale simulations may serve as a preliminary wind energy assessment tool in coastal zones with extended low-lying areas.