双峰式火山岩与块状硫化物矿床

双峰式火山岩不仅是火山成因块状硫化物矿床中最常见的含矿岩石组合，而且也是研究其古成矿地质背景和成矿作用的主要依据之一。笔者收集了我国以及世界一些著名火山成因块状硫化物矿床和矿带的含矿建造资料，其中包括含矿建筑的岩石组合、形成时代和层序、火山岩的岩石组合和岩石化学、产出的大地构造环境等等。整理结果表明，双峰式火山岩是火山成因块状硫化物矿床的最佳含矿岩石组合；它们主要产五各个时期的造山火山岩类，产生了有利成矿组分浓集的巨大热液循环系统及适宜原（海水深度和封闭条件良好的）含矿流体集积的沉陷盆地（裂谷），从而为成群成带的VHMS型矿床的形成提供了有利的地质环境。     

阿尔金山拉配泉地区元古宙裂谷火山岩系及其构造意义

阿尔金山拉配泉之北，拉配泉断裂和阿尔金北缘断裂夹持的火山岩片为一套典型的双峰式大陆裂谷火山岩系，基性端员属碱性系列和亚碱性系列，亚碱性系列可分为钙碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列，酸性端员均属钙碱性关系，基性火山岩Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素年龄为１７９３±２７０（２σ）Ｍａ，εＮｄ＝６．４±１．４。稀土元素地球化学特征表明，基性火山岩以轻稀土富集配分型式为主，个别样品呈ＭＯＲＢ型平坦配分型式，酸性火山岩以轻稀土高度     

Bed forms in bimodal sand–gravel sediments: laboratory and field analysis

Bed forms were studied in Goodwin Creek and a laboratory flume channel. The bed sediment of the field site and flume had median diameters of 8·3 (modes of 0·4, 22·6 mm) and 1·82 mm (modes of 0·5, 5·6 mm), respectively. The laboratory and field channels had similar values of bimodal parameters, ratios of flow depth to median bed material diameter, and ratios of shear stress to critical shear stress and were judged to be comparable in the transport of bed load sediment and the resulting bed forms. Three groupings of bed forms from the laboratory flume experiments (ripple-like bed forms, bed load sheets, low-relief bed waves) were identified using the height and period of the bed forms. For the range of flow depths and discharges investigated in the flume, bed forms became higher and longer with increasing bed shear stress. Bed forms from Goodwin Creek were similar to those from the flume with comparable ratios between bed form length, height, and flow depth. The bed forms in the flume provide a positive link between rate and size fluctuations measured in the field and the bed forms. The smaller bed forms identified were sediment starved and are not considered to be dunes, while the largest bed forms in which all of the bed material sizes were mobilized in the field and laboratory were judged to be dunes.     

闽中地区中新元古代东岩组地层的含矿性研究

闽中地区中新元古代东岩组变质岩为铅锌多金属矿的重要矿源层。东岩组地层由3个基性、酸性火山喷发 (溢)沉积旋回组成,具有双峰式火山岩特征。每一火山旋回都是由基性开始、酸性结束,火山喷发间歇特别是每一旋回结束期间常出现海相碳酸盐岩沉积,铅锌银矿多与基性火山岩相伴。东岩组变质岩岩石学、岩石化学分析结果揭示了东岩组变质岩原岩具有大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩特征,形成于板内裂谷环境,构造背景为大陆板块内部张性环境。     

东准噶尔奥依托浪格地区石炭纪双峰式火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

本文对东准噶尔造山带三塘湖盆地西北缘奥依托浪格地区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组进行了火山岩地质、岩相学、地球化学特征研究,并结合相关年代学成果,探讨了火山岩成因、形成环境与东准噶尔造山带构造演化。研究认为：该区石炭纪巴塔玛依内山组火山岩具明显的陆相火山岩、双峰式火山岩特征,岩石组合基性端元以玄武岩为主,酸性端元为珍珠岩、英安岩;主量元素特征显示基性端元为钙碱—碱性性质,酸性端元珍珠岩、英安岩分别属于碱性、拉斑性质;微量元素特征显示基性端元相对富集Ba、K、Sr等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Th、Nb、Nd等高场强元素（HFSE）,酸性端元强烈亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Sm、Ti等元素,富集K元素;稀土元素显示两端元均为轻稀土元素（LREE）相对富集、重稀土元素（HREE）相对亏损特征;珍珠岩主、微量元素特征与整体具有明显差异。综合研究表明：该双峰式火山岩基性端元来源于地幔岩的部分熔融,酸性端元英安岩来源于基性端元的分离结晶作用,珍珠岩则来源于下地壳的部分熔融;地球动力学背景为俯冲洋壳的拆沉作用,造成软流圈热源上涌,引发地幔岩的部分熔融与岩石圈的伸展减薄,进而诱发下地壳镁铁质岩的减压熔融;构造环境为后碰撞伸展阶段晚期,并指示了板块链式缝合的特点。     

内蒙古北山地区小红山钒钛磁铁矿区双峰式侵入岩——岩石学、年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

对内蒙古北山地区小红山钒钛磁铁矿区内侵入岩的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学资研究显示,该岩体岩性为辉长岩和花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明成岩年龄分别为431.1±2.4 Ma和424.9±2.3 Ma,形成时代相近,属同一构造岩浆作用事件. 该套侵入岩的SiO₂含量呈双峰式,稀土、微量元素特征表明它们具有岛弧岩浆岩地球化学特征,其源区可能受到了俯冲流体交代作用的影响. 地球化学特征指示小红山花岗岩源于下地壳物质在高温条件下的部分熔融,辉长岩为富集地幔部分熔融的产物. 结合区域地质背景及构造判别,认为小红山中晚志留世双峰式岩浆组合是北山洋南向俯冲诱导大陆边缘伸展环境下的产物.     

双孔结构非饱和压实土微观结构演化模型

在最优含水率干侧压实的黏土一般具有明显的双孔结构,其集聚体间孔隙（又称宏观孔隙）和集聚体内孔隙（又称微观孔隙）对土体宏观水力和力学特性影响差异显著,同时,水-力耦合作用下两种孔隙的演化规律也存在明显不同。双孔结构非饱和土对应的孔径分布函数为双峰孔径分布形式,该分布函数可通过叠加宏观孔隙和微观孔隙的单峰孔径分布曲线得到,并通过平移量、缩放量和分散度3个演化参数对双孔结构土的孔隙演化规律进行描述。通过构建在力学及水力加、卸载过程中演化参数与孔隙比之间的关系,提出了适用于描述变吸力下非饱和压实土的微观结构演化模型。分别基于所开展的桂林红黏土压汞试验数据和文献中的米尼亚卢博瓦膨胀土试验数据,对所建立的微观结构演化模型进行参数标定,并通过模型预测结果与试验结果的对比,验证了所建立模型的适用性。     

新疆富蕴县苏普特一带双峰式火山岩的发现及其地质意义

新疆阿尔泰苏普特一带中泥盆统阿勒泰组为一套以玄武质岩石为主的双峰式火山岩组合,下部以变质玄武岩为主,夹少量流纹岩,中部以变质玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩为主,夹少量酸性火山岩及其碎屑岩,上部流纹质岩石有所增加。玄武质岩石往往变质为角闪片岩、绿帘阳起石片岩等,属拉斑玄武岩系列,低SiO2、K2O,高Ti,富Na、Rb、Ba、Th、U等,轻稀土略富集,无明显铕异常,Nb负异常明显,相似于MORB和岛弧型玄武岩的某些特征,与弧后盆地玄武岩的特征基本一致。流纹质岩石属钙碱性系列,高SiO2,低K2O,为钠质型;大离子亲石元素富集,具明显的Nb、P、Ti负异常和弱的Th正异常,Sr含量较低;稀土元素含量较高,∑REE为135.67×10-6～407.71×10-6,轻稀土略富集,(La/Yb)N为2.55～3.73,铕负异常较明显,δEu值为0.34～0.54。流纹质岩石地球化学特征也与典型弧后盆地双峰式火山岩中的流纹岩相似。结合区域资料分析,苏普特双峰式火山岩是阿尔泰南缘俯冲撕裂型裂谷盆地演化晚期局部形成的类似于弧后环境的产物。     

Sources of Cretaceous Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Coastal Region of Southeastern China: — Constraints of the Sr content and its isotopes

Abstract Cretaceous volcanism in the coastal region of southeastern China was characteristized by occurrence of bimodal volcanics consisting of basalts and rhyolites, the geneses of which are still controversial. Based on the fact that their isotopic compositions are similar but the Sr content of the former is much higher than that of the latter, this paper discusses the respective sources of the two end-member rocks, and concludes that basalts were derived from the subduction-related enriched upper mantle wedge and their isotopic compositions had not been affected by crustal assimilation, whereas rhyolites were formed by remelting of the old metamorphic basement, but they were mixed up with the underplating basaltic magmas to various degrees so that their Sr isotopic compositions varied significantly from the sources and tended to be homogeneous to the latter.     

Nature, source and composition of volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands

Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetie evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre-senting the maric end-member and felsie end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu-tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamie setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.