航摄底片信息容量的确定

为了定量地分析航摄底片的信息容量,本文在影象数字化的基础上,从理论上分析信息容量的估算公式,监重点研究用“比特分割”的方法确定其有效的比特数。     

Why is Shirase Glacier turning its flow direction eastward?

We applied an image correlation method to Japanese Earth Resources Satellite-1 (JERS-1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data obtained from 1996 to 1998 to examine flow velocity within Shirase Glacier, Antarctica. From the grounding line to the downstream region of the glacier, the obtained ice-flow velocity was systematically higher on the western streamline than the eastern. The differences between the two streamlines were 0.31 km/a in 1996 and 0.37 km/a in 1998, significantly larger than the error estimate of 0.03 km/a. The direction of ice flow was about 312° at the grounding line and changed to 327° at 10 km, 346° at 20 km and 2° at 30 km downstream from the grounding line. The total accumulated deflection is 50° to the east. Under the assumption of the conservation of ice mass across the glacier, the observed eastward change in flow direction can be explained by an asymmetric deepening of bedrock topography, that is, across the 8 km width of the glacier, the eastern side is 50 m (10%) deeper than the western side. This eastward turning of flow direction appears to be accelerated by tributary inlets, that flow to the north and northeast at 60–75% of the velocity of inlets on the western streamline.     

地形引起的雷达辐射畸变及其校正

合成孔径雷达影像由于其侧视特点 ,存在着严重的地形引起的几何畸变及辐射畸变。辐射畸变不仅对 SAR辐射标定造成困难 ,而且严重影响了影像分类、土壤湿度信息提取、森林蓄积量信息提取等应用。本文将辐射畸变归结为面积效应和局部入射角效应 ,推导了散射面积归一化因子 ,以消除辐射畸变的面积效应。提出了一种以局部入射角的线性函数表达的后向散射模型 ,在此基础上 ,给出了消除局部入射角效应的校正函数。最后 ,以RADARSAT SAR影像进行地形辐射畸变校正的试验与分析     

合成孔径雷达影象提取雪盖信息研究

在分析合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）成象机理及雪盖参数散射特性的基础上，利用航天飞机承载的成象雷达（ＳＩＲ—Ｃ）获取的多波段、多极化ＳＡＲ数据，进行提取雪盖信息的实验。结果表明Ｃ波段ＨＨ、ＶＶ影象能很好地区别湿雪与非雪盖区，而区分干雪与岩石较困难；Ｌ波段ＨＨ、ＶＶ影象较容易将雪盖同其它物体区分开；Ｃ、Ｌ波段的交叉极化ＨＶ、ＶＨ区分干雪与岩石效果很好。故利用多波段、多极化ＳＡＲ进行雪盖制图是可行的。     

星载合成孔径雷达海洋遥感与大数据

星载合成孔径雷达以其全天候、全天时、不受云雨影响的工作特性在空间对海观测中起到了重要作用，又以其高空间分辨率、多极化、多成像模式的特点展示了其在海洋动力要素反演和海洋多尺度动力过程研究中独特的魅力.起步于20世纪70年代末的星载合成孔径雷达技术，迎来了发展的"黄金时期"，大数据和机器学习又赋予了星载合成孔径雷达海洋遥感更强大的生命力.本文首先阐述了星载合成孔径雷达大数据的5"V"特性，进而以高分辨率海面风场反演、海洋内波中尺度动力过程观测两类典型案例，阐述了大数据、机器学习等现代信息科学技术与卫星海洋遥感结合，实现海洋环境参数高精度反演和海洋动力过程科学深层次认知的研究.最后，展望了星载合成孔径雷达海洋遥感与大数据的发展前景.     

An evaluation of the role played by remote sensing technology following the World Trade Center attack

Remote sensing technology has been widely recognized for contributing to emergency response efforts after the World Trade Center attack on September 11th, 2001. The need to coordinate activities in the midst of a dense, yet relatively small area, made the combination of imagery and mapped data strategically useful. This paper reviews the role played by aerial photography, satellite imagery, and LIDAR data at Ground Zero. It examines how emergency managers utilized these datasets, and identifies significant problems that were encountered. It goes on to explore additional ways in which imagery could have been used, while presenting recommendations for more effective use in future disasters and Homeland Security applications. To plan adequately for future events, it was important to capture knowledge from individuals who responded to the World Trade Center attack. In recognition, interviews with key emergency management and geographic information system (GIS) personnel provide the basis of this paper. Successful techniques should not be forgotten, or serious problems dismissed. Although widely used after September 11th, it is important to recognize that with better planning, remote sensing and GIS could have played an even greater role. Together with a data acquisition timeline, an expanded discussion of these issues is available in the MCEER/NSF report “Emergency Response in the Wake of the World Trade Center Attack; The Remote Sensing Perspective” (Huyck and Adams, 2002)     

基于欺骗式动目标的SAR干扰技术研究

针对军事运动目标的保护问题，提出了基于欺骗式动目标的SAR干扰方法，该方法根据收到的雷达信号，调制不同的散射强度和位置信息，模拟产生多个虚假的运动目标，避免了静止场景不能干扰动目标成像的缺点。分析了雷达位置确定误差对欺骗式动目标干扰效果的影响，给出了一种干扰机的布阵方法。仿真证明，欺骗式动目标干扰方法可以达到保护运动目标和向被干扰雷达提供虚假信息的目的。     

关于实孔径雷达影像匹配定位问题

地面高程起伏对机载雷达成像定位影响较大,要实现飞行器的精确定位,必须修正地形起伏的影响。分析了雷达成像的几何关系及特点,分别从影像匹配定位和飞行器定位两方面探讨了地形起伏的影响,对地形起伏影响的修正方法进行了研究,提出了适于飞行器上实时处理的误差修正算法,并利用该方法对实验中获取的数据进行了改正,得到了满意的结果。     

中国大陆及邻区、川滇成组强震活动特征初步研究

将中国大陆及其邻区1902年以来MS≥7地震的成组活动划分出7组,其首发大震分别为1902年阿图什8.2级,1911年阿拉木图8.2级,1920年海原8.5级,1931年富蕴8.0级,1946年缅甸7.8级,1966年邢台7.2级,1988年缅甸7.2级。川滇MS≥6.7地震成组活动划分出5组,其首发强震为1913年峨山7.0级,1933年茂县7.5级,1948年理塘7.3级,1966年东川6.5级、6.2级,1988年澜沧7.4级。其中,川滇MS≥7的首发大震滞后中国大陆首发大震几个月至4年不等。按成组大震的界定,目前中国大陆处于1998~2007年(估计)的大震少发时段。川滇未来1~2年的大震形势为川滇西部存在发生大震的可能性。中国大陆新一轮强震成组活动中的大地震将可能在2007~2009年前后发生,主体危险区可能为天山地震带中段及川滇东部。2007~2008年可能出现5~6级地震的增强过程。巧家—东川一带可能最先发生6级地震。     

Saturation of the Large Aperture Scintillometer

The saturation aspects of a large aperture (0.3 m) scintillometer operating over a 10-km path were investigated. Measurements were made over mainly forested, hilly terrain with typical maximum sensible heat fluxes of 300–400 W m ⁻², and over flat terrain with mainly grass, and typical maximum heat fluxes of 100–150 W m⁻². Scintillometer-based fluxes were compared with eddy-correlation observations. Two different schemes for calculating the reduction of scintillation caused by saturation were applied: one based on the work of Hill and Clifford, the other based on Frehlich and Ochs. Without saturation correction, the scintillation fluxes were lower than the eddy-correlation fluxes; the saturation correction according to Frehlich and Ochs increased the scintillometer fluxes to an unrealistic level. Correcting the fluxes after the theory of the Hill and Clifford gave satisfying results