基于大数据的地震多发区域破坏程度估计模型设计

传统基于GIS的地震破坏程度估计模型,对于大数据的分析和处理性能差,评估效果不够理想,所以要设计基于大数据的地震多发区域破坏程度估计模型。塑造的模型体系结构由数据服务层、业务模型层、应用展现层构成。模型由基础数据控制模块、地震危险性模块、结构破坏性模块、损失评估模块、决策控制模块、文档控制模块五大功能结构构成,设计直接经济损失模块的逻辑流程和页面展示结果。模块采用随机权神经网络实现大数据环境下地震灾害破坏程度快速评估。实验结果说明,所设计模型实现了大数据环境下地震多发区域破坏程度的有效评估,具有较高的评估效率和精度。     

地球信息科学技术在中国减贫中的应用进展

从救济式扶贫到精准扶贫,中国通过不断地探索和实践,走出了一条中国特色社会主义减贫道路,实现了农村贫困人口大幅减少,贫困地区面貌明显改善,脱贫攻坚取得历史性重大成就。很长时间,贫困地区的社会经济和资源环境监测都是建立在各类统计资料,统计报表,纸质档案等的基础之上,以行政单元为基础,缺乏有效、准确的空间位置信息。随着遥感和地理信息系统等地球信息科学技术的不断发展,其对空间信息高效地捕捉和计算能力,极大地提升了新时期扶贫开发工作的效率和决策支持水平。本文系统地阐述了地球信息科学在中国减贫中所发挥的作用,具体来说,主要集中在4个方面：① 多源地理空间数据在贫困地区自然资源和生态环境监测评估中的应用;② 贫困地区灾害监测,预警和管理;③ 基于地理空间数据的致贫因素分析和贫困预测;④ 依据精准扶贫工作机制建立精准扶贫决策支持系统。随着2020年中国消除绝对贫困目标的实现,地球信息科学服务于中国减贫的工作将主要集中在建立返贫监测和帮扶机制,以及向缓解发展不平衡、不充分的相对贫困转变。同时,乡村振兴作为下一步中国农村长期的工作重点,使用地球信息科学技术促进乡村基础信息化建设,促进地球信息科学服务和农业农村发展深度融合也将成为趋势。     

气象大数据云平台归档系统设计及实现

本文针对"天擎"归档系统的建设需求、总体架构,提出系统实现的若干关键技术问题并进行深入分析,气象大数据云平台(以下简称"天擎")归档系统设计为面向海量数据归档存储的支撑系统,保障数据的安全完整。系统基于在线存储、离线存储以及磁带库管理软件,通过层次性结构体系、消息队列和微服务技术框架,实现多协议数据归档、敏感数据归档及转储数据归档等功能,满足各种新增数据归档业务场景,同时具备丰富的数据回取服务、数据全流程的追溯和规范化的磁带管理保障等功能。2020年8月"天擎"归档系统投入业务运行,每日归档的实时数据量约为10TB,后续最高可承载约240TB日数据量的归档业务。     

山东半岛城市群物流业发展核心竞争力

在借鉴中外对“核心竞争力” 研究的基础上, 构建了影响区域物流业发展核心竞争力理想的宏观要素指标系统模式。在此基础上, 从客观实际出发, 创建了山东半岛城市群物流 业发展核心竞争力评价指标体系。通过对山东半岛城市群及其所含8 市物流业发展核心竞争力的综合评价排序和等级划分, 通过其与东部沿海五大城市群物流业发展核心竞争力的比较 及其影响要素的相关分析, 探明了影响山东半岛城市群物流业发展核心竞争力的主要与次要 因素, 得出结论： 培育、营造和提升区域物流业核心竞争力, 关键在于增强区域经济实力, 提高物流企业竞争力, 加强物流业科技创新竞争力;在一定时期内, 随着区域物流业核心竞争力不断增强, 从而使物流业成本不断降低, 一个单位物流业成本投入所创造的GDP 不断增大。提出建议, 为营造和培育山东半岛城市群物流业发展核心竞争力提供了科学依据。     

单管旋喷用异型喷头施工大直径桩的工艺技术

传统单管法旋喷桩径一般在300~800mm,桩材强度、桩径、水泥用量等参数变化很不稳定。而采用异型喷头工艺技术,单管法旋喷的桩径可有效增大,其成桩工效及质量明显提高,也降低了施工成本。      

An Exploration into the West Henan Large Sliding Structure in the South of the North China Plate

The West Henan large sliding structure is located in the southern part of the North China plate. It is a planar structural feature of a relatively large scale. To its northwest lie the Taihang Mountains, and to the southwest the Funiu Mountain. In the east it extends between the broad plain and hilly land. Formed in the early Indosinian Period, its main sliding surface is the coal seam II 1 with the sliding direction from NW to SE, and a sliding area of about 23,000 km2. Affected by the big sliding, the coal seam II1 in West Henan occurs in the state of powder, and thickens to the SE. Some small penetrating sliding structures were developed over II 1 in the early Yanshanian Period, causing a disorder on the south border of the North China coal-accumulating basin in the late Palaeozoic Era. An exploration into the West Henan large sliding structure is of great importance in the geological study.     

A comment on geographically weighted regression with parameter-specific distance metrics

A recent paper in this journal proposed a form of geographically weighted regression (GWR) that is termed parameter-specific distance metric geographically weighted regression (PSDM GWR). The central focus of the PSDM generalization of the GWR framework is that it allows the kernel function that weights nearby data to be specified with a distinct distance metric. As with the recent paper on Multiscale GWR (MGWR), the PSDM framework presents a form of GWR that also allows for parameter-specific bandwidths to be computed. As a result, a secondary focus of the PSDM GWR framework is to reduce the computational overhead associated with searching a massive parameter space to find a set of optimal parameter-specific bandwidths and parameter-specific distance metrics. In this comment, we discuss several concerns with the PSDM GWR framework in terms of model interpretability, complexity, and computational efficiency. We also recommend some best practices when using these models, suggest how to more holistically assess model variations, and set out an agenda to constructively focus future research endeavors.     

Spatial Distribution and Dynamic Changes in Research Hotspots for Desertification in China based on Big Data from CNKI

Desertification research plays a key role in the survival and development of all mankind. The Normalized Comprehensive Hotspots Index (NCH) is a comprehensive index that reveals the spatial distribution of research hotspots in a given research field based on the number of relevant scientific papers. This study uses Web Crawler technology to retrieve the full text of all Chinese journal articles spanning the 1980s-2018 in the Chinese Academic Journal full-text database (CAJ) from CNKI. Based on the 253,055 articles on desertification that were retrieved, we have constructed a research hotspot extraction model for desertification in China by means of the NCH Index. This model can reveal the spatial distribution and dynamic changes of research hotspots for desertification in China. This analysis shows the following: 1) The spatial distribution of research hotspots on desertification in China can be effectively described by the NCH Index, although its application in other fields still needs to be verified and optimized. 2) According to the NCH Index, the research hotspots for desertification are mainly distributed in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone and grassland in Inner Mongolia, the desertification areas of Qaidam Basin in the Western Alpine Zone and the Oasis-Desert Ecotone in Xinjiang (including the extension of the central Tarim Basin to the foothills of the Kunlun Mountains, the sporadic areas around the Tianshan Mountains and the former hilly belt of the southern foothills of the Altai Mountains). Among these three, the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone in the middle and eastern part of Inner Mongolia includes the most prominent hotspots in the study of desertification. 3) Since the 1980s, the research hotspots for desertification in China have shown a general downward trend, with a significant decline in 219 counties (10.37% of the study area). This trend is dominated by the projects carried out since 2002. The governance of desertification in the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia-Greater Khingan Range still needs to be strengthened. The distribution of desertification climate types reflects the distribution of desertification in a given region to some extent. The Normalized Comprehensive Hotspots Index provides a new approach for researchers in different fields to analyze research progress.     

中国及其周边国家间地缘关系解析

地缘关系研究作为地理学中一个重要研究领域越来越受到学者关注,开展基于大数据的地缘关系的定量研究,是对传统地缘关系研究的重要补充。利用新闻媒体大数据GDELT从全球性的视角将中国及其周边国家间地缘关系综合表达为合作与冲突关系,通过有序聚类方法识别中国及其周边国家合作与冲突的阶段划分,并对不同阶段国家间的合作与冲突关系进行社会网络分析,利用社区探索等工具对合作与冲突网络进一步剖析和解译,最后对不同时段内突出的双边关系进行对应分析,以及以中国为中心的均衡度分析。结果发现：1979-2017年中国及其周边国家间合作与冲突关系在时间上表现出明显的3个阶段,中国逐渐成为网络的中心,形成了以中国为中心,以俄、日、韩为支撑的广泛合作格局;中越、中日、中俄、朝韩等各阶段突出的双边关系表现出各异的发展态势和驱动因素;伴随着中国和平崛起的进程,中国与周边国家的合作越来越均衡,与此同时中国与周边国家的冲突范围不断扩大。     

居民活动视角的城市雾霾灾害韧性评估 ——以南京市主城区为例

基于居民活动视角解读城市雾霾灾害韧性潜在的人地关系内涵,以南京市主城区进行韧性评估的实证分析,提出针对性韧性提升策略。结果表明：① 主城区雾霾灾害韧性整体处于处于低水平,现状建成环境适应性效果有限。② 居民活动扰动性、建成环境适应性分别呈现冷热“多核”圈层集聚、“带状”集聚的空间特征,两者匹配失衡导致霾灾害韧性的空间分异不显著且大部分地区水平较低。③ 居民活动扰动性主要受雾霾严重性的直接或间接影响,建成环境适应性受生态减霾性、设施避霾性影响均较大,雾霾灾害韧性则更受居民活动扰动性影响。雾霾灾害韧性的建设应针对性地提升建成环境适应性或降低居民活动扰动性,并注重两者在空间优化措施上的匹配。