基于神经网络的规则提取及其渔业应用研究

为了解决远洋渔业中过度依赖经验而产生的盲目捕捞问题,结合海洋环境数据和历史产量数据对渔场进行有效分析,提出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络(Radial basis function neural network,RBFNN)的栖息地指数(HSI)预测方法,并将其应用于印度洋海域大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)栖息地指数的预测。在RBFNN训练过程中使用模糊C均值(Fuzzy c-means,FCM)聚类算法,在基于神经网络的规则提取过程中首次采用了和声搜索(Harmony search,HS)算法。实验研究表明,利用FCM改进后的RBFNN,均方误差(Mean square error,MSE)达到0.021 6。和声搜索由于算法简单,易于实现,能够应用于训练后的FCM-RBFNN提取分类规则,提取出的规则能够反映该渔业现状。     

临沂市国土资源转征供用动态监管系统设计

介绍了基于大数据分析的临沂市国土资源转征供用动态监管系统的建设目标及系统框架,实现了国土资源的批、征、供、用、补、查全程管理,从"以台账管地"到"以图形管地"、"以数据管地"的转变,为领导决策提供辅助支持,为社会化信息服务提供数据支撑。     

基于云GIS与大数据的区划地名云服务平台设计

随着云GIS和大数据的深入应用,为用户提供区划地名云服务成为当前研究的热点。本文提出了区划地名云服务平台,采用基于遥感的地名数据更新、地名地址数据清洗与融合、地名数据挖掘等关键技术,设计了全新的区划地名云计算环境,实现了区划地名信息资源随时获取,为区划地名信息服务提供了创新的技术模式。     

中国九大古都旅游竞争力研究——以大同为例

对中国九大古都旅游业的发展情况进行比较,选取3个二级指标（城市旅游基础设施竞争力、城市旅游发展现状竞争力和城市旅游生态环境竞争力）25个三级指标,构建古都旅游竞争力评价指标体系.采用主成分分析法对各古都2011年旅游竞争力进行排名,结果显示九大古都旅游业发展不平衡,大同旅游业竞争力较弱,应采取挖掘文化内涵、开发旅游资源、打造旅游产品、加强区域合作、发挥政府作用、加大宣传力度、提高服务质量等措施实现旅游业的可持续发展.     

Review of the development of digital earth research during 1998–2015 based on a bibliometric analysis

ABSTRACT

Since Al Gore created the vision for Digital Earth in 1998, a wide range of research in this field has been published in journals. However, little attention has been paid to bibliometric analysis of the literature on Digital Earth. This study uses a bibliometric analysis methodology to study the publications related to Digital Earth in the Science Citation Index database and Social Science Citation Index database (via the Web of Science online services) during the period from 1998 to 2015. In this paper, we developed a novel keyword set for ‘Digital Earth’. Using this keyword set, 11,061 scientific articles from 23 subject categories were retrieved. Based on the searched articles, we analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of publication outputs, the subject categories and the major journals. Then, authors’ performance, affiliations, cooperation, and funding institutes were evaluated. Finally, keywords were examined. Through keyword clustering, research hotspots in the field of Digital Earth were detected. We assume that the results coincide well with the position of Digital Earth research in the context of big data.     

Zipf’s law for all the natural cities around the world

Two fundamental issues surrounding research on Zipf’s law regarding city sizes are whether and why this law holds. This paper does not deal with the latter issue with respect to why, and instead investigates whether Zipf’s law holds in a global setting, thus involving all cities around the world. Unlike previous studies, which have mainly relied on conventional census data such as populations and census-bureau-imposed definitions of cities, we adopt naturally (in terms of data speak for itself) delineated cities, or natural cities, to be more precise, in order to examine Zipf’s law. We find that Zipf’s law holds remarkably well for all natural cities at the global level, and it remains almost valid at the continental level except for Africa at certain time instants. We further examine the law at the country level, and note that Zipf’s law is violated from country to country or from time to time. This violation is mainly due to our limitations; we are limited to individual countries, or to a static view on city-size distributions. The central argument of this paper is that Zipf’s law is universal, and we therefore must use the correct scope in order to observe it. We further find Zipf’s law applied to city numbers; the number of cities in the largest country is twice as many as that in the second largest country, three times as many as that in the third largest country, and so on. These findings have profound implications for big data and the science of cities.     

基于海事大数据的港口感知计算

随着港口信息化建设的推进,积累了大量来源多样、结构各异的海事大数据,为了解港口城市的生产力和区域经济发展水平提供了新的契机。本文综合介绍了作者近期关于如何利用海事大数据进行港口感知计算的工作,给出了一个基于海事大数据的港口感知计算框架,利用船舶GPS轨迹、船舶属性、港口地理信息和港口设施参数等多源异构海事大数据,估算出一系列反映港口生产力的指标,从而对港口进行综合评价和比较。首先,利用船舶轨迹和港口地理信息数据,自动检测船舶在港口码头中的靠泊装卸事件;然后,利用船舶属性和港口设施数据,自动估计出每次靠泊装卸事件的货物吞吐量;最后,对各个港口码头的靠泊船数和货物吞吐量进行统计,从而计算出一系列港口生产力指标,包括到港船数、货物吞吐量、码头作业效率和泊位利用率等。在2011年的海事大数据上的实验结果表明,本框架能准确地估算出上述港口生产力指标。同时,以香港为例对上述港口的生产力指标进行分析,探讨基于海事大数据的港口感知计算框架在提高港口生产效率、优化海运航线中的积极作用。     

大旋转角的空间直角坐标转换方法的改进

针对现有大旋转角空间直角坐标转换方法存在的问题,基于尺度参数的SVD估计提出改化模型,并推导了参数解估计的方向余弦法、单位四元数法及罗德里格矩阵法。最后,基于奇异点、模型条件数、中误差及迭代次数等指标,通过文献算例和大旋转角仿真算例比较分析了3种方法在七参数模型与本文改化模型的坐标转换效果。结果表明,旋转矩阵的SVD初值优于单位阵初值,改化模型优于七参数模型,方向余弦法优于其他两种方法。     

佛山市税源地图大数据展示系统的设计与实现

在智慧时空大数据与云平台建设工作中,如何进一步挖掘分析海量空间数据是实现高效应用的一项关键任务。针对佛山市税务机关的业务需求,研究了基于Hadoop框架的大数据技术,结合GIS数据,利用互联网云平台对海量税务数据进行存储、计算、分析的佛山市税源地图大数据展示系统的设计与实现。     

海洋大数据:内涵、应用及平台建设

信息技术的快速发展,带动海洋数据快速积累,海洋已经进入大数据时代。海洋大数据即是在当前大数据时代背景下,大数据技术在海洋领域的科学实践,具有大体量(Volume)、多样性(Variety)、快速流转(Velocity)和高价值(Value)的"4V"特征,是在大数据的理论指导和技术支撑下的价值实现,也是实施海洋强国战略、开发海洋资源、拉动海洋经济、维护国家海洋权益的重要基础。本文讨论了海洋大数据的内涵和外延,从数据特征、数据种类的角度对海洋大数据进行了全面的定义;并详细介绍了海洋大数据的应用领域;进一步阐述了海洋大数据平台建设的关键技术问题及其在海洋大数据服务平台实例中的应用;从数据共享、数据管理和数据安全的角度,探讨了海洋大数据面临的挑战和机遇;最后对未来海洋大数据的发展趋势和方向进行了展望。