卵漂石地层深基坑高压旋喷桩止水帷幕施工工艺

结合青海省微电机厂棚户区改造项目深基坑止水帷幕施工的成功经验,总结出卵漂石地层深基坑双排单重管高压旋喷桩止水帷幕施工的施工工艺及技术要点。     

龙羊峡水电站左岸坝肩尾工超深定向排水孔施工控制技术

龙羊峡水电站左岸坝肩尾工4个孔径130 mm、孔深80 m超深倾斜定向排水孔工程,从坝肩EL2610全部钻通至EL2530排水廊道（2 m×2.5 m)理论设计终孔点。采用瑞典Atlas-A32型潜孔钻机施工。针对该钻机钻具偏垂度3%的困难（同时也验证了其偏垂度3%的科学性）,从技术参数控制和施工工艺控制上克服了潜孔钻施工超深定向孔偏垂度过大的技术“瓶颈”,总结出了瑞典进口Atlas系列潜孔钻机冲击回转钻具施工超深定向孔的技术成果,为国内不同行业同系列Atlas系列钻机施工超深定向孔提供了参考依据。     

松软地层防渗灌浆帷幕结构性状实验研究

松软地层透水率较大,防渗灌浆工程吃浆量相对较大,浆液扩散极不规则,形成的防渗帷幕,包括防渗幕体厚度、力学性能、防渗效果等结构性状难以准确把握,现有的方法和技术主要采用压水试验、标贯、钻孔取心、物探等方法获取相关信息,但带有极大的不确定性,直接影响到防渗质量的评价。在现场进行多工况灌浆原型试验研究,通过注水试验、孔斜测定、取心测试、全断面开挖等多种方法,真实呈现防渗幕体的性状,包括幕体有效厚度及其影响范围、幕体强度性能和渗透性能。结果表明,在松软地层采用浆体封闭、脉动灌浆控制灌浆工艺,孔距1.5m,两排排距0.8m,并采用适宜的灌浆控制参数灌注可控性黏土水泥浆材,简便高效,孔周挤密区、结石体及胶结体形成的有效幕体均一性好,防渗效果达到5lu以下,灌后28d结石体强度达到3MPa以上。灌浆工艺和参数可直接供类似地层应用。对于不同类型地层在不同灌浆材料、灌浆工艺、灌浆参数情形下的灌浆结构性状,有必要研发物理模型进行大样本室内试验研究。     

EGUP与黑洞熵的修正值

目前,人们对黑洞Bekenstein-Hawking熵的量子修正值产生了极大的兴趣,尤其是黑洞熵对数修正项的系数.在广义不确定关系(GUP)的基础上,通过引入了推广的广义不确定关系(EGUP),运用面积定理计算了3类时空的黑洞熵的修正值,得到的黑洞熵的修正项的系数是正的.这种计算方法不仅对单视界时空适用,而且对有内视界的黑洞时空依然成立,并且在EGUP基础上计算出黑洞熵的修正值.相比GUP基础上得到的黑洞熵,EGUP可以应用于大尺度时空下,所以应用范围更广.此计算方法简洁明了,物理意义明确,可为黑洞熵对数修正值系数的确定提供参考.     

未来甲烷排放增加对平流层水汽和全球臭氧的影响

利用一个耦合的大气化学-气候模式(WACCM3)研究了地表甲烷排放增加对平流层水汽和全球臭氧变化的影响.结果表明,如果地表甲烷的排放量在2000年的基础上增加50%(达到政府间气候变化专门委员会A1B排放情景中2050年的值),平流层水汽体积分数将平均增加约0.8×10^-6.南半球平流层甲烷转化为水汽的效率比北半球高.在北半球平流层中,1mol甲烷分子可以转化为约1.63mol的水汽分子,而在南半球1mol甲烷分子大概可以转化为约1.82mol的水汽分子.甲烷排放增加50%将使全球中低纬度地区以及北半球高纬度地区的臭氧柱总量增加1%-3%,使南半球高纬度地区臭氧柱总量增加近8%,而秋季(南半球春季)南极地区臭氧柱总量增加幅度可高达20%,南极臭氧的这种显着增加主要是由于甲烷增加造成的化学反馈所致.在北半球中高纬度地区,甲烷增加引起的臭氧变化主要与甲烷氧化导致的水汽增加有关.研究还表明,未来甲烷排放增加对臭氧的恢复作用其实与溴化物排放的减少一样重要.     

Assimilating Best Track Minimum Sea Level Pressure Data Together with Doppler Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Hurricane Ike (2008) at a Cloud-Resolving Resolution

Extending an earlier study, the best track minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) data are assimilated for landfalling Hurricane Ike (2008) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), in addition to data from two coastal ground-based Doppler radars, at a 4-km grid spacing. Treated as a sea level pressure observation, the MSLP assimilation by the EnKF enhances the hurricane warm core structure and results in a stronger and deeper analyzed vortex than that in the GFS (Global Forecast System) analysis; it also improves the subsequent 18-h hurricane intensity and track forecasts. With a 2-h total assimilation window length, the assimilation of MSLP data interpolated to 10-min intervals results in more balanced analyses with smaller subsequent forecast error growth and better intensity and track forecasts than when the data are assimilated every 60 minutes. Radar data are always assimilated at 10-min intervals. For both intensity and track forecasts, assimilating MSLP only outperforms assimilating radar reflectivity (Z) only. For intensity forecast, assimilating MSLP at 10-min intervals outperforms radar radial wind (Vr) data (assimilated at 10-min intervals), but assimilating MSLP at 60-min intervals fails to beat Vr data. For track forecast, MSLP assimilation has a slightly (noticeably) larger positive impact than Vr(Z) data. When Vr or Z is combined with MSLP, both intensity and track forecasts are improved more than the assimilation of individual observation type. When the total assimilation window length is reduced to 1h or less, the assimilation of MSLP alone even at 10-min intervals produces poorer 18-h intensity forecasts than assimilating Vr only, indicating that many assimilation cycles are needed to establish balanced analyses when MSLP data alone are assimilated; this is due to the very limited pieces of information that MSLP data provide.     

GRB 130427A/SN 2013cq与伽玛射线暴-超新星成协

从1998年4月初步确认GRB 980425/SN 1998bw成协,至2013年9月确认GRB130831A/SN 2013fu成协,共有11对伽玛暴与超新星成协事件通过光谱学方法得到确认。对伽玛暴-超新星成协的详细研究大大深化了人们对伽玛暴与Ic型超新星的认识,并推进了人们对大质量恒星演化、死亡以及爆发机制的研究:对它们的多波段余辉的性质以及超新星光谱的观测与分析间接地揭示出伽玛暴-超新星中心引擎的性质。这些事件中,GRB 130427A/SN 2013cq具有特殊的重要性:它是近距离宇宙中唯一的高能、高亮度的伽玛暴,它的GeV辐射挑战了当前的伽玛暴辐射机制,伴随它的明亮光学闪提供了爆炸本性的有用线索,伴随它的SN 2013cq是伽玛暴成协的超新星中动能最大的超新星之一,对伴随它的中微子探测的零结果也对伽玛暴的瞬时辐射模型给出了有用的限制。总结了GRB 130427A/SN 2013cq的重要观测结果,这对于探索伽玛暴-超新星成协的本质及伽玛暴瞬时辐射和余辉的细节性质有非常重要的研究价值。     

A simple way to classify supermassive black holes

We propose a classification of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) based on their efficiency in the conversion of infalling mass in emitted radiation. We use a theoretical model that assumes a conservation of angular momentum between the gas falling inside the hole and the photons emitted outwards, and suggests the existence of the scaling relation M_•‐R_eσ³, where M_• is the mass of the central SMBH, whereas R_e and σ are the effective radius and velocity dispersion of the host galaxies (bulges), respectively. We apply our model on a data set of 57 galaxies of different morphological types and with M_• measurements, obtained through the analysis of Spitzer /IRAC 3.6‐µ m images. In order to find the best fit of the corresponding scaling law, we use the FITEXY routine to perform a least‐squares regression of M_• on R_eσ³ for the considered sample of galaxies. Our analysis shows that the relation is tight and our theoretical model allows to easily estimate the efficiency of mass conversion into radiation of the central SMBHs. Finally we propose a new appealing way to classify the SMBHs in terms of this parameter. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Research on method of pressure grouting piling of driven tube

The pressure grouting pile of driven tube can improve the load bearing capacity of the single pile from the mechanism of pressure grouting pile of driven tube.On the basis of analyzing the mechanism,the authors designed the machines and tools of pressure grouting,determined the operating manufacture and technology parameter on the pressure grouting secondly.The result shows that the pressure grouting pile of driven tube not only changes the pile type but also reduce the length of the pile and its engineering cost,it enhances the load bearing capacity of single pile an the same time.     

Non-axisymmetric instabilities in shocked adiabatic accretion flows

We investigate the linear stability of a shocked accretion flow on to a black hole in the adiabatic limit. Our linear analyses and numerical calculations show that, despite the post-shock deceleration, the shock is generally unstable to non-axisymmetric perturbations. The simulation results of Molteni, Tóth & Kuznetsov can be well explained by our linear eigenmodes. The mechanism of this instability is confirmed to be based on the cycle of acoustic waves between the corotation radius and the shock. We obtain an analytical formula to calculate the oscillation period from the physical parameters of the flow. We argue that the quasi-periodic oscillation should be a common phenomenon in accretion flows with angular momentum.